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Home > 53 Top Destinations In Turkey: Best Places To Visit In Turkey For All

53 Top Destinations In Turkey: Best Places To Visit In Turkey For All

Written by our local expert Nicky

Nicky, originally from the UK, is now a local in Turkey. She moved to Marmaris, Türkiye for love 12 years ago and is now your Turkey travel planner.

Here is your complete guide to all the best places to visit in Turkey, which I have discovered as a local.

This guide has beautiful places in Turkey, from ancient sites, palaces, rock formations, beautiful beaches, hot air ballooning, scenic views, underground cities, amusement parks, and all the most famous places with countless historical landmarks and a seaside town (or 10) for every kind of traveler.

Best Places In Turkey To Visit For Every Kind Of Traveler

• Beach Resorts

Top Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Shop

Places to visit in turkey if you want to party, places to visit in turkey if you want to eat, places to visit in turkey if you want nature.

• Saklikent National Park Antalya
• Koprulu National Park
• Butterfly Valley
• İztuzu Beach
• Mount Ararat

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want History And Archeological Sites

• City Of Safranbolu
• Mount Nemrut
• Göbekli Tepe

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want Authentic Culture

• Any village

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Go Off The Beaten Track

• Northern And Central Turkey
• Black Sea Coast
• Gelemis 
• The Lycian Way

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Like The Cold

• Uludağ Ski Resort

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Sunbathe

• South Coast
• The Blue Lagoon

Skip Ahead To My Advice Here!

Find The Best Places To Visit On The Map

There are so many things to do in Turkey, from the lush greenery stretching from Fethiye to the Anatolia region to the ancient churches and underground cities waiting to be discovered.

Where Are The Best Places To See

You’re wrong if you think that Turkey is all beaches and Istanbul! Turkey is a vast country packed with major cities, towns, villages, beach resorts, and the list goes on.

That means there is something for everyone – and I’ll show you my favorites. My guide offers all the best places in Turkey to visit for history, food, nature, partying, and more.

Sure, not every destination will suit you, but I aim to provide a list so you know what you want to do and experience; then, you can find the ideal place that will suit you best.

If you want to know the best cities to visit in Turkey, jump ahead here .

For instance, if you want to enjoy the nightlife, it’s not a good idea to head somewhere like Adana, Aydin, Trabzon, or Rize. However, my husband and I always find fantastic opportunities to party the night away in Istanbul, Izmir, the province of Antalya, and any beach resort south on the Mediterranean coast .

If you want to enjoy history, you’re probably not going to find what you’re looking for that much in Marmaris (well, we have never). Still, in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, you’ll have more history than you can possibly absorb into your brain! With Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, the Bosphorus Strait, and dozens of Turkish baths , to name a few.

It comes down to what you want and then figuring out where you want to go.

Let me give you some ideas on where to go in Turkey…

We’ve got the low down on the best places to visit in Turkey to shop!

1. Istanbul And Izmir

You can find everything in Istanbul —in fact. Taksim is the ideal spot for high-street stores, but there are also huge malls across the city, such as Cevahir and the Mall of Istanbul .

Izmir is also a great shopping spot , with several other malls and plenty of your international names. If you want traditional souvenirs , you’ll find these in most places, but you can’t beat Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar for choice and experience!

• Guide To Istanbul
• Guide To Izmir

We’ve compiled a list of the best places in Turkey to party.

2. Istanbul – Izmir – Antalya – Beach Resorts

Most people are surprised when they see the amount of nightlife in Turkey . Sure, it’s not everywhere you look, and some of the smaller cities and towns still tend to be more traditional in terms of beer houses, mainly for men, etc., but you’ll find many International and modern bars, too.

Taksim and Besiktas in Istanbul are ideal for party fans , but Izmir and the Antalya Province will tick your boxes, too. Taksim is home to some seriously loud nightclubs if that’s what you’re after!

Alternatively, the beach resorts on the Mediterranean Sea , such as Marmaris , Gumbet, Bodrum, and Alanya, also have plenty of bars and nightclubs.

• Istanbul Nightlife
• Where To Stay In Izmir
• Best Beach Towns On The Turkish Coast

If you like to eat, here are the best places to visit in Turkey .

Adana is a beautiful city of contrasts, where ancient traditions meet modernity. Enjoy a relaxing boat ride along the Seyhan River and visit the Grand Mosque’s striking architecture. Don’t forget to savor Adana kebabs , renowned for their delicious blend of flavors.

• Guide To A Turkish Breakfast
• What To Eat In Turkey
• How To Tip In Turkey

4. Istanbul

There is nothing you won’t find here, including traditional Turkish food. Turkish food all over the country is delightful , and if you can head to a small village, be sure to try the homemade fare there.

You need to chow down in Istanbul and not miss trying the street food , as it’s not only cheap but also super filling.

• Lesser Known Istanbul Street Food
• Best Rooftop Restaurants & Bars In Istanbul
• Where To Eat In Istanbul

Nature lovers, take note; here are the places in Turkey to head to to get your dose of lush greenery.

5. Saklikent National Park Antalya Or Cappadocia

One of the most iconic travel photos worldwide is one of a hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia , which is a true must-visit. The unique landscape around here is something to behold, and the so-called ‘fairy chimneys’ formed by years of rock erosion are genuinely magnificent. You can even stay in a traditional cave hotel!

Alternatively, or possibly also, head to Antalya’s Saklikent National Park. You can go canyoning, rock climbing, or sailing down the river, but whatever you choose to do, it’s genuinely breathtaking.

• Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Guide
• The Best Cappadocia Tours
• Where To Stay In Cappadocia
• Nearest Airport To Cappadocia

6. Koprulu National Park

Nature enthusiasts will find paradise in Koprulu National Park. Raft down the Köprüçay River through stunning canyons or go hiking amidst pine forests. The park’s natural beauty and outdoor activities make it an excellent destination for adventure seekers.

7. Pamukkale

Its name means “cotton castle” in Turkish; Pamukkale is one of Turkey’s best tourist attractions that everyone will love, from kids to the most well-traveled people.

Whether you’re into nature or not, you’ll undoubtedly be impressed by the extraordinary features of this vast thermal spring. This natural UNESCO World Heritage Site is in inland southeastern Turkey but is a great day trip for major coastal cities.

Millennia of endless water flow and mineral deposits have created a stunning collection of travertine terraces, pure water, and snow-white limestone shimmering in the Turkish sun. Since antiquity, people have visited these hot springs and pools when it was the location of the Roman city of Hierapolis (Holy City).

Pamukkale is easily one of the best places to go in Turkey for a day trip from the coastal resorts. Although the terraces and pools are off-limits to visitors nowadays, you can still see them up close on footpaths. The on-site Roman ruins and museums are worth visiting , too.

• Guide To Pamukkale
• Best Thermal Hotels In Pamukkale
• How To Get From Pamukkale To Cappadocia

Nestled on Turkey’s southwestern coast, Akyaka is a hidden gem that beckons travelers with its serene charm. This picturesque town is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and water sports lovers.

The crystalline waters of the Azmak River wind their way through Akyaka, offering opportunities for kayaking and paddleboarding. Stroll along the charming boardwalk and indulge in fresh seafood at waterfront restaurants. Akyaka’s unique architecture, with its traditional Mugla houses , adds to the town’s allure.

For a perfect day in Akyaka, explore the surrounding pine forests and soak in the natural beauty of this coastal paradise.

• Why You Need To Visit Akyaka

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Places to visit in turkey if you want history.

So, where are the best places to visit in Turkey to learn about history?

9. Istanbul

Turkey is packed with history; if you want to study natural history, you should head to the southeastern region. While traveling there isn’t forbidden by any means and is relatively safe provided you’re careful , certain restrictions and places are not ideal.

Many governments warn their citizens not to go to the border area with Syria, for example. This is quite a shame because Mardin, which isn’t too far from the Syrian border, is one of Turkey’s oldest and most historic sites .

Despite that, Istanbul is the best place to go in Turkey for history, hands down, if not the entire world. There are more historical places to see in Turkey than you will ever have time to visit on one vacation!

• The Istanbul Museum Pass – Save Time & Money
• Whirling Dervishes In Istanbul
• 17 Amazing Mosques In Istanbul Not To Miss
• Best Museums In Istanbul

10. Çannakale

Çannakale, located on the shores of the Dardanelles, offers a gateway to ancient Troy and the historic Gallipoli Peninsula. History buffs will be enthralled by the remnants of the ancient city of Troy, where the famous Trojan War unfolded. The Gallipoli Battlefields, a poignant reminder of World War I, is a solemn but essential stop for those interested in history.

Çannakale’s waterfront promenade provides breathtaking views of the strait, and the city’s warm hospitality ensures a memorable stay. Experience the intersection of history and natural beauty in Çannakale.

11. Ancient City Of Ephesus

Located near the present-day town of Selçuk on Turkey’s southeast coast , Ephesus is one of the world’s most magnificent ancient ruins and is one of the top places to go in Turkey for ruins.

This ancient Greek city dates back to the 10th century BC, after which it grew to become one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League in Classical Greece . The Roman Empire conquered this stunning city in the 2 nd century BC.

Now, the ruins of this ancient city are a UNESCO World Heritage Site ; Ephesus is easily one of the best sites in Turkey to visit ancient architecture and history. It was home to the fabled Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Simultaneously, other iconic buildings include the imposing Library of Celsus, the Gate of Augustus, and the Tomb of John of the Apostle. If you only have time to visit one historic site in Turkey, this should be it.

• What To See & Do In Ephesus
• Tours From Istanbul To Ephesus
• Getting From Izmir To Ephesus

12. Aspendos

Another spectacular Turkish site dating from antiquity is Aspendos. This ancient Greco-Roman city is near Antalya on the southern coast of Turkey. There’s plenty of history to discover and learn about here, making it one of the best places in Turkey for history buffs to visit. The absolute star main attraction, however, is the massive Aspendos Theater.

One of the best-preserved theaters from antiquity, the Aspendos Theater, dating from the 2 nd century AD, once seated no fewer than 12,000 spectators. It is exceptional for its superb acoustics and impressive architectural design. The Theater of Aspendos is even more remarkable because it’s still in use today—it hosts the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival.

13. City Of Safranbolu

Another one of the many beautiful places in Turkey , the old City of Safranbolu, was an essential stop on the main east-west trade route between Europe and Asia in the 13th century. UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site for its significance to historic trade and its well-preserved buildings.

The Çarşı District is home to beautiful Ottoman Empire architecture, including hundreds of red-roofed traditional houses that line cobblestone streets. Other top attractions in Safranbolu include the 17th-century caravansary of Cinci Han and the restored Tarihi Cinci Hamam bathhouse.

• Day Trips Ideas From Istanbul

14. Mount Nemrut

By now, you’ve probably noticed that several of the best places to visit in Turkey are historical or cultural sites. And here we have yet another historic UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey. Mount Nemrut is no different.

Also known as Nemrut Dağ, Mount Nemrut is situated in southeastern Turkey and is one of the tallest mountains east of the Taurus mountain range.

This striking mountain is topped with several ruins, buildings, and famous statues. It is assumed to be the mausoleum of Antiochus, the former late-Hellenistic king of Commagene, which originated after Alexander’s empire fell. Seeing the temple tomb’s colossal statues and sculpted slabs is an experience that makes the trip out there more than worth it.

• Top Landmarks In Turkey
• Should You Visit Southeastern Turkey

So, where are the best places to visit in Turkey to experience culture?

15. Trabzon

If you’re looking for a breathtaking Turkish city to add to your travel list, look no further than Trabzon. This Black Sea gem in northeast Turkey is known for its stunning natural scenery , rich history, and delicious cuisine.

One of the must-see sights in Trabzon is the Sumela Monastery. Nature lovers will also enjoy exploring the Uzungol Plateau , hiking through the Altindere Valley National Park, and relaxing at one of the many scenic beaches.

No visit to Trabzon would be complete without sampling some of the local dishes like hamsi (anchovies), karadeniz pidesi (black sea bread), and kuyu kebabi (lamb cooked underground).

So, if you’re looking for a city with everything – from beautiful landscapes to tasty food – make sure to put Trabzon, Turkey, on your radar !

• Guide To Trabzon

16. Sanliurfa

Sanliurfa, often called the “City of Prophets,” is a unique place of historical and spiritual significance. According to local legend, it is the birthplace of the biblical prophet Abraham. Visit the vibrant bazaars of Sanliurfa , where you can shop for colorful textiles, spices, and handicrafts.

The city’s stunning Balikligol (Pool of Sacred Fish) is a serene oasis surrounded by gardens and historical sites. Witness the mesmerizing dance of the sacred fish, which is said to bring good luck. As you explore Sanliurfa, you’ll be immersed in a city where legends from ancient times and modern life coexist harmoniously.

17. Diyarbakir

Diyarbakir, located in southeastern Turkey, is a city of ancient walls and rich traditions. The city’s iconic black basalt walls, dating back to Roman times, encircle the old town and stand as a symbol of its resilience through centuries.

Explore the bustling, narrow streets of Diyarbakir , where you can savor traditional Kurdish cuisine. Don’t miss the chance to taste the delectable mutton dishes and baklava. The city’s Grand Mosque and the Hevsel Gardens along the Tigris River are must-visit attractions. Diyarbakir’s cultural heritage and warm hospitality make it a popular place for those seeking authenticity.

Konya is a city in Turkey that is full of history and culture. There are many fun things to see and do in Konya, making it a great place to visit. Some top sights include the Mevlana Museum, the Alaeddin Mosque, and the Selimiye Mosque.

There are also plenty of outstanding restaurants and shops to explore. If you’re looking for a city full of character and culture, Konya is definitely worth a visit .

• How To Get From Istanbul To Konya

Mardin, perched on a hilltop in southeastern Turkey , is a captivating blend of history and culture. The city’s ancient stone buildings, adorned with intricate carvings, transport you back in time.

Explore the narrow alleyways of the old town, where the scent of spices fills the air from bustling bazaars. The iconic Mardin Houses , made of local beige stone, offer a glimpse into the region’s architectural heritage. Don’t miss the chance to savor traditional Mardin cuisine, which combines flavors from Arabic and Turkish influences. As you wander through Mardin, you’ll discover a city where history and tradition harmoniously coexist.

20. Any Village

Many tour operators will take you to local villages and show you the local way of life . If you visit cities and towns , you’ll surely see some of them, but they’re usually touched by modern life and have changed a little. You must visit a local village to see how people live off the land, focus all their time and energy on family, and value communities. The food is also excellent!

Turkish people, by nature, are very welcoming, and hospitality is high on their list. If you meet a local family and they invite you to their home, you’re more than blessed in terms of the culinary delights that will come your way, too!

The good news is that many villages are close to the main tourist resorts on the south coast of the Turkish Riviera, so you can visit them if you hire a car.

Get off the beaten track and visit one of these options, which are among Turkey’s best places to visit.

21. Northern And Central Turkey

Turkey is a safe country, and provided you listen to advice, e.g., the advice we gave before about not going close to the Syrian border; you’re more than fine. This is a huge country, and it’s exceptionally welcoming. Thanks to a very high-quality long-distance bus network, traveling around Turkey is straightforward, meaning you can go from place to place relatively cheaply.

If you want to leave the main tourist resorts and cities, head to the Black Sea Coast , with destinations in Turkey such as Rize and Trabzon. Do be aware that during the winter , however, this part of Turkey sees heavy snowfall, but it’s beautiful to see! Central Turkey is also a delight, and this is where the capital city of Ankara is situated.

• Guide To The Black Sea Coast
• Surfing The Black Sea

22. Gaziantep

Gaziantep, often called the “City of Gastronomy,” is a culinary haven in southeastern Turkey. Renowned for its delectable dishes and rich culinary heritage, Gaziantep offers a feast for the senses. Sample the world-famous Baklava, prepared with layers of thin pastry, pistachios, and honey, at local bakeries.

Explore the Gaziantep Castle and the Zeugma Mosaic Museum, which houses remarkable ancient mosaics. The bustling markets of Gaziantep are perfect for indulging in traditional sweets and savory delights. With its culinary delights and historical sites, Gaziantep promises a delightful journey for foodies.

Edirne, a city steeped in history, is a treasure trove of architectural marvels and cultural richness. Known for its stunning Selimiye Mosque, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Edirne’s skyline is dominated by its magnificent dome and minarets.

The city’s annual Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival is a testament to its cultural heritage, attracting participants and spectators from all over the world. Edirne’s Ottoman-style bridges, including the Meric River Bridge, offer captivating views and a glimpse into the past. Sample Edirne’s famous liver and meatball dishes at local eateries and immerse yourself in the grandeur of this historic city.

We’ve got the tourist spots in Turkey that are still fun while cold.

Do you think the best places to visit in Turkey are reserved only for the summer months?

Wintertime in Turkey can be magical, a great opportunity to relax, recharge your batteries, and see the traditional way of life. Of course, you can still embrace plenty of hectic action in the large cities, especially Istanbul .

• Christmas In Turkey
• Best Things To Do In Istanbul In Winter
• Istanbul In January
• Why You Should Visit Turkey In Winter

24. Cappadocia

Did you know that Cappadocia Is open all year round?

This beautiful fairy chimney landscape in Central Turkey is iconic for the hot air balloons flying high at sunrise every day. You might not know that Cappadocia isn’t close, so you can still head there and enjoy the beautiful scenery even when the weather is freezing and the snow is falling.

While hot air balloons are subject to cancellation at any time of year, depending upon weather conditions, it’s more likely to happen during the winter months. Don’t let that stop you, however, as there are many days when flights take off exactly as scheduled!

Even if you can’t get on the balloon, there are many things you can do around Cappadocia, with walking trails, cuisine, museums, archaeological sites , and, of course, the chance to stay in a cave museum!

Winter in Turkey is undoubtedly something you should do. While you might not be able to jump into the sea and get a suntan, you’ll experience something far more valuable – authenticity!

• How To Enjoy Cappadocia In Winter

Places To Visit In Turkey For All

Turkey’s capital city, Ankara , is a modern metropolis with a rich history. Explore the awe-inspiring Atatürk Mausoleum and the ancient Roman Temple of Augustus. The city’s museums, vibrant nightlife, and diverse culinary scene offer a glimpse into contemporary Turkish life.

• Epic Things To Do In Ankara
• Istanbul To Ankara Train Guide
• Istanbul Vs. Ankara – Which To Visit

Top Destinations If You Want To Sunbathe

If you want to know where to go in Turkey for the sun, we’ve got you covered (in 50+).

26. South Coast

Finally, if you want to kick back and relax, get a tan, and enjoy the summer temperatures (although, be warned, they’re hot), you should definitely head south and visit one of the many tourist resorts on the south coast.

• Things To Do In Kas On Turkey’s Southern Coast

27. Side Antik Kenti

Side Antik Kenti is a seaside archaeological wonder that transports you to the ancient world. Stroll through the well-preserved ruins of temples, theaters, and baths overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. It’s a perfect blend of history, sun, and sea.

Belek is a coastal paradise known for its luxurious resorts and pristine beaches. It’s a golfer’s dream destination with world-class golf courses. Relax by the turquoise waters, take a dip in the Mediterranean, or explore the nearby ancient ruins.

Lapped by the Mediterranean and Aegean Coast, you can also choose between some of the most beautiful places in Turkey.

• Guide To The Turkish Riviera

29. Kusadasi

Nestled along the stunning Aegean Sea, Kusadasi is a traveler’s paradise . With its crystal-clear waters, Kusadasi offers some of the most breathtaking beaches in Turkey . Beyond the shore, you’ll discover the ancient ruins of Ephesus, where history comes to life. Stroll through the bustling bazaars, savor the local cuisine, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of this coastal gem.

Bodrum is a coastal town that effortlessly combines history, culture, and natural beauty. The Bodrum Castle, overlooking the marina, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. Relax on the pristine beaches during the day, and as the sun sets, immerse yourself in Bodrum’s vibrant nightlife, filled with bars, clubs, and restaurants.

• Where To Stay In Bodrum
• Ferry Day Trip From Kos To Bodrum
• Best Beach Resorts In Bodrum
• Bodrum Beach Guide

If you’re seeking a lively beach destination, Gumbet is the place to be. Known for its energetic atmosphere, Gumbet offers many water sports, beach parties, and vibrant nightlife. During the day, you can explore nearby Bodrum or bask in the sun along the golden shores.

• Aegean Coast Of Turkey – Izmir, Bodrum & Beyond

32. Icmeler

Tucked away on the southwest Turkish coast, Icmeler is a hidden gem known for its tranquil charm. The beach here is a haven for relaxation, and the town’s friendly locals make you feel right at home. You can leisurely stroll along the palm-lined promenade, indulge in delicious Turkish cuisine, and unwind in this serene coastal retreat. It is always a place where you can really unwind. 

• Luxury Beach Resorts On The Turkish Riviera

33. Marmaris

Marmaris is a diverse coastal town that caters to all types of travelers. Whether you’re interested in water sports, a boat trip to a secluded cove, or exploring the picturesque old town, Marmaris has it all. Don’t forget to visit the famous Marmaris Castle and enjoy a taste of the local nightlife.

• Marmaris Or Bodrum – Which Is For You
• Marmaris Or Antalya – How To Choose
• Your Guide To Marmaris

With its dramatic cliffside castle and two stunning beaches, Alanya is a coastal paradise with a touch of history that never disappoints me. Explore the centuries-old Alanya Castle, offering panoramic views of the coastline, and then relax on Cleopatra Beach, said to be the favored bathing spot of the ancient queen herself. Alanya’s vibrant markets and dining scene add to the charm of this captivating destination.

Not to mention, these cities along the southern coast are perfect for day-tripping to Greece!

• Alanya Or Antalya – How To Choose
• Your Guide To Alanya

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Turkey Travel FAQs

Should i go to turkey.

Yes! Turkey is an incredible country that offers diverse sights and delicious food. It is a melting pot of culture, history, and modern-day life.

When is the best time to go to Turkey?

If you want beach time, the best time to visit is from May to the end of September. If you’re more interested in sightseeing and city life, Turkey is a year-round destination.

What are the popular places to visit in Turkey?

While Istanbul is an obvious choice, the southern beach resorts are also bustling during the hottest months.

Where is Turkey?

Turkey is located on the border between Eastern Europe and Asia. It is bordered by eight different countries: Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece, Iraq, and Syria.

What is the most beautiful part of Turkey?

All of Turkey is beautiful in different ways. The south coast is particularly home to some of the best towns to visit, and when the sun is shining, it’s blindingly beautiful.

What is Turkey the most famous for?

Turkey is famous for its food, fantastic beaches, centuries-old history, music, and warm welcome to all guests.

Is Turkey safe to visit?

Yes. Turkey is safe like any other country. It is advised to avoid the border areas with Syria and Iraq and to watch your belongings in crowded spaces. 

What are the must-see cities in Turkey?

The must-see cities in Turkey include Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya, and Ankara.

Is Turkey cheap or expensive?

Compared to the rest of Europe, Turkey is considered a cheaper country, though prices have risen a lot in the last 12 months.

What are some of the best places to visit in Turkey?

Turkey offers a variety of incredible destinations to explore. Some of the best places to visit include sun-drenched beaches, lush mountains, vibrant cities, and ancient ruins.

What activities can I try while in Turkey?

In Turkey, you can engage in various activities depending on your interests. You can enjoy water sports at the beaches, go hiking in the mountains, explore bustling markets, indulge in delicious Turkish cuisine, and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the country.

Are there any recommended places to stay in Turkey?

If you’re looking for accommodation options in Turkey, there are numerous great places to stay. Depending on your preferences, you can choose from luxurious hotels, cozy guesthouses, seaside resorts, or even unique stays like cave hotels in Cappadocia.

How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are there in Turkey?

Turkey boasts an impressive total of 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites showcase the country’s significant historical and cultural landmarks, providing visitors with awe-inspiring experiences.

Whether you are looking for panoramic views, water sports, natural wonders, or small-town feels, you can see that Turkey is the perfect place for everyone to go.

• What To Pack For Turkey
• Explore The 7 Geographical Regions Of Turkey
• Best Hookah Lounges In Istanbul
• 5 Reasons To Visit Gallipoli, Turkey
• Top Things To Do In Istanbul
• Discover Aydin City & Province
• How To Get From Istanbul To Cappadocia
• What To Wear In Turkey: Area-by-Area Guide
• Guide To Hiking The Lycian Way
• Tips For Visiting Gobekli Tepe Archaeological Site
• Things To Do In Cappadocia Other Than Ballooning

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10 Best Places to Visit in Turkey

By Becky Griswold · Last updated on June 17, 2024

Steeped in history with a landscape that encompasses beaches and soaring mountains, Turkey has acted as the gateway between Europe and Asia for thousands of years. Being a place of trade and of exchanging cultures has made Turkey a richly diverse country. The point where East meets West, the wealth of culture and breadth of influences has left its mark and is revealed in the country’s mouthwatering culinary landscape, as well as in the innumerable religious monuments and archaeological sites.

Istanbul, once the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, features prominently in most travel plans but there are many more great destinations. You could enjoy your time here staying in boutique hotels inside caves and floating in hot air balloons above the otherworldly landscape of Cappadocia, wandering in the midst of the Greco-Roman world in Ephesus, or simply soaking up the sun in the luxury beach resorts along the Aegean Sea. Here’s a look at the best places to visit in Turkey:

10. Ankara [SEE MAP]

Turkey’s capital city, Ankara, is a sprawling, modern city home to government buildings, commercial businesses, universities and foreign embassies. Located right in the center of the country and the Anatolia region, Ankara is an important transportation hub, linking nationals and tourists alike to other major destinations in Turkey. However, Ankara is not all business. This bustling city also offers a few historic sites and some arts and culture.

An old city once inhabited by various cultures including Hittite, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman, Ankara is riddled with ancient structures and ruins reflecting its history. Some of the most notable of these are the Temple of Augustus, the Citadel, and a Roman Theatre. Numerous historic mosques can also be found throughout the city. An important 20th century landmark, Anitkabir, is a mausoleum housing the tomb of Turkey’s first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Ankara boasts a lively arts and culture scene with a large concentration of theaters and museums, including the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which houses more than 200,000 objects. Traditional markets and modern malls provide fantastic shopping choices where items such as fresh produce, spices, carpets and electronics can all be purchased.

9. Mardin [SEE MAP]

Perched on a strategic hilltop overlooking the plains of Mesopotamia in southeastern Turkey, Mardin is the capital of the Mardin Province. One of the oldest settlements in the region, Mardin is best known for its cultural diversity and Old City of sandstone buildings that cascade down the hill.

Mardin’s Old City is easily toured by walking. The maze of meandering streets leads visitors along terraced houses and popular sites like Deyrü’z-Zafaran Monastery, one of the oldest monasteries in the world, and the Sultan Isa Medresesi, a medieval monument that once served as an astronomical observatory. Zinciriye Medresesi, a 14th century Islamic school, features beautiful courtyards and art works.

The Great Mosque, with its soaring minaret, is hard to miss. Although closed to the public, the citadel presents fantastic photo opportunities. Throughout the Old City is a myriad of shops selling the likes of pottery, silverware, leather and traditional headdresses.

8. Konya [SEE MAP]

One of the oldest cities in the world and best known for its remarkable Seljuk architecture and Whirling Dervishes, Konya is a large city in Turkey’s Central Anatolia Region. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Konya prospered as a capital city under the rule of the Seljuk Dynasty. Today, attractive buildings from that era can still be admired such as the Alaeddin Mosque, which houses the tombs of several sultans. Another popular example is the Ince Minare Medrese, now a museum displaying artifacts from the Seljuk and Ottoman eras.

Although in ruins, the Seljuk Palace is also worth a visit. A modern day architectural attraction is the Seljuk Tower, one of the tallest skyscrapers in Turkey, featuring a revolving restaurant at the top two floors.

In the 13th century, Konya was the home of the Persian theologian and Sufi mystic, Rumi. His tomb, the Mausoleum of Rumi, with its neighboring Melvana Museum, is a must-see site in Konya. Rumi’s followers founded the Mevlevi Order, which are also known as the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous religious ceremonies in which they spin around and around on the left foot while wearing white, billowing gowns. These ceremonies, also known as Sama, can be observed weekly at the Mevlana Cultural Centre.

Konya also offers beautiful green spaces and parks such as Alaeddin Hill, in the city center, and the Japanese Park with its lovely pagodas, waterfalls and ponds.

Because Konya is one of Turkey’s more conservative cities, bars and nightclubs are not as plentiful. However, some hotels and cafes do offer alcoholic drinks.

7. Antalya [SEE MAP]

Nestled along the beautiful Turkish Riviera on the Mediterranean coastline, Antalya is a large, vibrant city welcoming tourists with numerous resorts, hotels, bars and restaurants. Spectacular scenery frames the city with gorgeous beaches and lush green mountains dotted with ancient ruins. From swimming and sailing to mountain climbing, sightseeing and family fun, Antalya offers something for everyone.

A walk around Kaleiçi, the Old Quarter, offers a step back into the city’s ancient past with views of the old city walls, Roman gates, maze-like streets and historic structures that include the Clock Tower and beautiful, old churches, mosques and temples. At the heart of the Old Quarter is the Cumhuriyet Square, surrounded by shops, cafes, Turkish baths and street performers.

Antalya’s main beaches, Konyaalti and Lara, offer white sands, water sports, resorts, bars and restaurants. Nearby the beaches are water parks, amusement parks and a zoo. Several museums exhibit artifacts and relics from the area, including the award-winning Antalya Museum.

6. Marmaris [SEE MAP]

One of Turkey’s most popular seaside resorts, Marmaris is a picture-perfect setting of pine-clad mountains, sandy white beaches, turquoise waters and historic architecture. Located along the Turkish Riviera in southwest Turkey, this stunning cruise port is a tourist paradise with exceptional sightseeing opportunities, water sports, fantastic dining and buzzing nightlife.

Marmaris presents so much to see and do that visitors will be spoiled for choice. A walk along the cobblestone streets of the old quarter offers attractive architecture and a visit to the 16th century Castle of Suleyman the Magnificent. Various boating tours take visitors exploring around the picturesque bays and neighboring villages.

Horse safaris canter through lush pine forests, orange groves, traditional villages and around untouched bays and stunning waterfalls, while jeep safaris present off-the-beaten-track adventures.

Marmaris also features water parks for the whole family and Turkish baths for total pampering and relaxation. If that is not enough, there are a number of day trips from Marmaris to outstanding destinations like Dalyan, Ephesus, Pamukkale and Cleopatra Island.

The nightlife scene in Marmaris is one of Turkey’s most exciting. There are hundreds of restaurants featuring cuisines from all over the world from fast food to fine dining. Bars and clubs are found throughout the city and along the beaches. Not to be missed are the Turkish Night Show venues, which feature traditional Turkish food, mezes and belly dancing.

5. Side [SEE MAP]

A major port in ancient Pamphylia and occupied by Alexander the Great in 4th century BC, Side today is a picturesque town of classic ruins and modern day resorts overlooking sandy white beaches. Located on Turkey’s Mediterranean Coast in the Antalya Province on a small peninsula, Side offers fantastic sightseeing, nightlife and outdoor adventure.

Side’s star attraction is an excavated site of ancient Hellenistic and Roman ruins that include the remnants of a colossal amphitheater, an agora, a Byzantine basilica, public baths, marble columns and various temples. The Roman baths are now restored to house a museum, which displays a number of Roman statues and artifacts. Overlooking the beach, the Temple of Apollo is a spectacular sight, especially at sunset.

Featuring narrow streets and attractive gardens, the charming town of Side offers many restaurants ranging from delis and pizza shops to upscale dining in a variety of cuisines. Just outside of town, the Manavgat River offers boat tours, white water rafting and impressive waterfalls.

4. Bodrum [SEE MAP]

Located in the Mugla Povince in the southern Aegean region of Turkey, Bodrum is the site of the ancient fortified city, Halicarnassus, which was once home to marble buildings, temples, statutes, paved streets and the Mausoleum, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

After falling into ruins, the city remained a quiet fishing village until the 20th century when Turkish intellectuals brought popularity to it through their writings. Today, Bodrum’s intriguing ruins, stunning beaches and cliff-top resorts attract people from all over the world.

On Bodrum’s eastern side, tourists will find a beautiful beach overlooking brilliant blue water. Near the beach are plenty of cafes, bars and nightclubs. On the western side of town is the marina, shopping centers and restaurants.

No visit to Bodrum would be complete without seeing the Castle of St. Peter, also known as Bodrum Castle. Built from 1402 by the Knights Hospitaller it now operates as a museum. Other sights include the last remains of the Mausoleum, and ancient amphitheater and the Myndos Gate, which was once the scene of a bloody battle during a siege by Alexander the Great.

Besides sightseeing, other things to see and do in Bodrum include the award-winning Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology which is housed inside Bodrum Castle, historic windmills, Turkish saunas and mud baths, windsurfing, scuba diving and boat tours that feature nightclubs and glass-bottomed dance floors.

3. Ephesus [SEE MAP]

Europe’s most complete classical metropolis, Ephesus is an ancient site located in Aegean Turkey. By the 1st century BC, Ephesus was one of the largest cities in all of the Roman Empire, boasting one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis. The ruins of Ephesus are well preserved and contained within a large archaeological site, making it one of Turkey’s most popular tourist attractions.

Ephesus was declared a Roman settlement in 133 BC, although it did not reach its peak until some 200 years later. At one point, when the city was the capital of Roman Asia Minor, Ephesus housed more than 250,000 permanent residents. St.Paul lived in Ephesus, fostering Christianity among many other religions. With the decline of the harbor of Ephesus, and the sacking of the city by Germanic Goths in the third century, Ephesus began its decline.

For roughly 1,500 years, Ephesus was all but forgotten. The remnants of this incredible classical city were hidden from the world until the 1860s, when an international team of archeologists began unearthing the ruins. Today, less than 20 percent of Ephesus has been excavated, but it is still one of the largest accessible archeological sites in the world.

Without question, the most famous structure in Ephesus is the Temple of Artemis. The temple was once the largest on the planet, showcasing just how important the city of Ephesus was. Unfortunately, the temple itself was largely destroyed around the fifth century, but it is still possible to tour the ruins.

Some of the most recently excavated attractions in Ephesus, and certainly some of the most popular, are the Terraced Houses. These were the homes of the richest residents of Ephesus in approximately the first century, and they were built in a modern Roman style.

Remarkably, some of the homes had hot and cold baths, marble floors and even heating systems. On the walls, you can spot unusual artwork, mosaics and even love poems scrawled by hand.

No trip to Ephesus would be complete without seeing the famed Library of Celsus. Built in 123 AD, the library was once of the largest libraries in the ancient world, coming in third after the libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum. The library has been restored, making it easier to see its two-story design, its columns and its capitals.

Be sure to admire the four statues that represent the four virtues. While these are now replica statues, and not the originals, you can still see Sophia, representing wisdom, Episteme, representing knowledge, Ennoia, representing thought, and Arete, representing goodness.

Just two miles from Ephesus is the town of Selçuk, where many visitors choose to spend time before or after exploring the ruins of Ephesus. In the center of Selçuk, you might want to stop and admire the Roman aqueduct that once supplied water to the city, or you could learn a little more about the archeology of the region by exploring the collections at the Museum of Ephesus. You can also browse at the market or pick up double knot carpets, the most popular souvenir from the area.

2. Cappadocia [SEE MAP]

Situated in Central Anatolia of Turkey, Cappadocia is best known for its fairytale landscape of unusual formations resembling chimneys, cones, mushrooms and pinnacles. Natural processes such as ancient volcanic eruptions and erosion have all sculpted these odd formations over the ages, with some of them rising as much as 130 feet (40 meters) high. However, thousands of years ago, mankind added remarkable touches to the landscape by carving out houses, churches and underground cities from the soft rock.

Inhabited as early as 1800 BC, Hittites and other residents chiseled out underground tunnel complexes, seeking safety from invading Persians and Greeks. Much later in the 4th century AD, Christians, fleeing out of religious persecution from Rome, sought refuge in Cappadocia’s tunnels and caves. Today, the region’s natural wonders and historic sites all make it a popular destination.

While much of Cappadocia is located in the province of Nevsehir, some of the main towns in the region are Ürgüp, Göreme, Avanos, Ortahisar and Mustafapasa. Many of these towns offer hotels, restaurants, nightlife options and attractions such as museums, rock castles, fairy chimneys, underground tunnels, old Greek villages, monasteries and handicraft markets. Some of the caves in the region are actually hotels and cater to tourists.

1. Istanbul [SEE MAP]

Once serving as the capital of the Ottoman and Byzantine Empires, Istanbul today is the largest city in Turkey and one of the largest in the world. Istanbul stretches across both sides of the Bosphorus, a narrow strait that connects Asia and Europe, making it the only city in the world spanning two continents. Impressive architecture, historic sites, dining, shopping, nightlife and exotic atmosphere all make Istanbul one of the world’s top tourist destinations.

See also: Where to Stay in Istanbul

The Old City is where most of the city’s impressive historic sites are found, which include the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace. Another important district is New City, known for its modern day attractions, skyscrapers and shopping malls. Beyoglu and Galata are popular zones for nightlife and entertainment, while the Bosphorus area is home to beautiful palaces, waterfront mansions and urban parks.

There is no shortage of exciting things to see and do in Istanbul . A shopping affair not to be missed is the Grand Bazaar, one of the world’s oldest and largest covered markets. Visiting a Turkish bath is also a great way to experience the local culture. The nightlife scene in Istanbul abounds in numerous restaurants, pubs and nightclubs to suit every budget and preference.

Map of Turkey

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Reader interactions.

June 29, 2018 at 12:49 pm

You must go to Rize too.

December 18, 2017 at 3:41 pm

Izmir is one of the best Turkey there is,lots of historic places and many great places to see

November 13, 2017 at 8:45 am

You should have added Bursa and Cumalikizik to your list. Bursa and its vicinities offer a lot for the visitors, who would like to taste great food, experience thermal baths, Turkish baths, visit bazaars, mosques, madrasas and enjoy beautiful nature…

June 29, 2017 at 1:56 pm

Turkey has a lot to offer for those who wants to see mixture of cultures, tradition and history. I have been to half of the places mentioned above and each place has its unique history and taste to it. Actually i am planning to move to live in Izmir with my family in less than a month time. We are so excited about this venture, and look forward to get more of Turkey in next few years.

June 21, 2017 at 10:33 pm

I can’t believe you skipped Kastamonu

May 30, 2017 at 2:29 am

I’m suprised you skipped Gaziantep. Gaziantep has the most beatiful Turkish cuisine. You have to taste beyran, kebab, baklava, kadayıf.. In addition, I strongly recommend you to see the ancient city of Zeugma . There are many wonderful muesums and castlle in Gaziantep. I must say that Gaziantep has the biggest zoo.

February 23, 2017 at 12:49 am

Black Sea would be the hidden Gem!! From amazing mountains to the Black Sea it has so much for all to see.

November 15, 2015 at 12:53 pm

I like Ankara, Istanbul, and Antalya. But I really love Ephesus because I really like Greek mythology and historical cities.

June 7, 2015 at 8:52 am

Antalya is definitely one of the best places. When I was a kid, I went there with my family for three days, the beach was sooo awesome!

May 16, 2015 at 12:43 pm

Turkey rocks. Its an amazing destination with a lot of beautiful n mesmerizing sights. Pammukale, Izmir, Uzungöl n safran bolu, Amasra, çanakale should b added to this list if u have time. Moreover u can skip Ankara.

February 26, 2015 at 1:16 am

in addition to: For the ones who are interested in history, Edirne is wonderful to see.

February 26, 2015 at 1:11 am

Don’t make a mistake and never go to Ankara. One of the worst cities in Turkey. I know because I live in Turkey and I lived in Ankara.

Bodrum, Istanbul, Ephesus, Kapadokya, Mardin (security is important), Side, Fethiye (dead sea), Datca and Cunda. These are the best i think

January 8, 2015 at 2:56 am

I cannot believe that you mentioned Ankara in the list. There should be Bursa which has 7 sites (5 Ottoman sultan complexes, Ottoman bazaar and Cumalıkızık Ottoman Village) in Unesco World Heritage list. The city is only 90 minutes by ferry from Istanbul. I highly recommend.

November 3, 2014 at 1:33 am

i’m planning to visit Turky soon ,because it is amazing

October 25, 2014 at 6:49 am

I think,Istanbul is the best to travel,however,Ankara is also awesome place.

October 11, 2014 at 7:42 am

I can’t believe you missed out Pamukkale! That place looks incredible! Other than that, great list! I can’t wait to explore more of Turkey.

September 8, 2014 at 6:26 am

I like Uzungol, Sultan Murat & Sekarsu nice climate, nature at Iis best …

September 2, 2014 at 7:30 pm

Nice list, Side is definitely amazing. Visiting ancient sites in Kas is something travellers shouldnt miss. Two cities are very different one is more touristy and both have great Roman ruins.

August 22, 2014 at 7:50 pm

Izmir is SOOOOOO much better than Istanbul , its crazy that its not even on this list

June 15, 2014 at 7:38 am

If you have 5 days in Istanbul , thats just nice to see it alone . Stay near the Grand Bazaar entrance, which is very near to the tram station of Beyjezit. you can walk to the Grand Bazaar, Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, Topkapi palace . and Citedel Basalica. Take a tram to Eminonu , where the Spice market and famous Fish restaurants, and then take the Bosphorus Cruise from there. On the third day take a City bus ride to see the outskirts of Istanbul. On 4th day you can go back to see more of what you havent covered the first three days.

April 12, 2014 at 1:01 pm

March 10, 2014 at 12:13 am

Very surprised that the Black sea region is not on your list

January 25, 2014 at 11:44 am

Can somebody advise where to go in turkey for 5 days.?

January 16, 2014 at 9:22 am

I visited Turkey last year and i must say i was impressed greatly! If you want a bit of everything on a trip then dont miss this place.

October 7, 2013 at 12:49 am

Wey!! I have done all of them apart from Ankara and looking to do that this winter

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The 13 best places to visit in Turkey

Where should I travel to in Turkey? Where are the best places to visit in Turkey? We have compiled a list of the best places to visit in Turkey to help ensure that you have the most incredible trip.

We have also included some extra information regarding the best activities to try whilst in Turkey, as well as listing some of the best places to stay in Turkey to help you plan your time in this unique country a little bit easier, see it as your very own Turkey travel guide and let us help you create the trip of a lifetime!

From sun-drenched beaches to lush, forest-covered mountains, vibrant and bustling cities to ancient ruins, Turkey is a country with an incredible amount to offer.

The country boasts a startling 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites with so many more historical places and sites set to blow your socks off in absolute awe and wonder. A country dripping in history and culture, Turkey has a complete array of stunningly beautiful places awaiting you.

We spent nine months in Turkey so we had plenty of time to visit various locations.

Some of them were mentioned in tourist guides, others were recommended by locals or we discovered them during one of our hitchhiking trips . They all marked us in a very special way and we would love to share those places with you.

Reading Tip: How much does it cost to travel to Turkey?

Disclaimer: Some of the links in this article are affiliate links. If you make a purchase through them, I’ll receive a small commission, at no extra costs for you. This way you’re helping me run this website and writing more informative and awesome guides like this. I only recommend products and services that I like and trust. Thank you!

Turkey Travel Essentials & Resources

• Turkey Travel Guide: 10 useful things to know before you go
• Where to go: 13 Beautiful Places to visit in Turkey
• Travel Costs : Turkey Budget Guide
• Tours & Experiences: City tours, guided day trips, multiple-day tours
• Visa: Visa-free or e-visa for most passports – Check the required Turkey travel documents!
• Getting there: Search for flights to Istanbul, Ankara, Antalya and Izmir in Turkey
• Where to stay : Find a room in hotels, hostels or guesthouses
• Travel Insurance: Choose the best travel insurance for Turkey
• Getting around : Rent a car in Turkey or travel by bus, train or taxi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Where should I travel to in Turkey – The 13 best places to visit in Turkey

1. Istanbul

It’s most likely that you’ll begin your trip in the city of Istanbul , a city that straddles east and west, divided by the Bosphorus Strait that splits the city into two separate parts.

The only city in the world that can lay claim to residence on two different continents (Asia and Europe), Istanbul really is one of the most unique cities in the world. With over 2500 years of traditions, history and incredible landmarks, this city is a complete cultural melting pot.

Istanbul has been the capital of four empires and the remains of each of these empires can still be seen today. Many buildings and landmarks from Istanbul’s opulent past remain intact today and the cultural heritage of the city is highly impressive.

Go and marvel at the beautiful Hagia Sophia , a Byzantine structure that was originally built as a Christian church in the 6th century CE (532–537) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. In later centuries it then became a mosque, a museum, and then a mosque once more.

This building reflects the religious changes that have happened over the centuries, boasting both inscriptions of Islam as well as lavish mosaics of Christianity.

The Blue Mosque is another of the city’s world-renowned landmarks, named famously after the blue tiles that surround its walls. Built between 1609 and 1616, this building still holds high importance to the history of the Ottoman Empire.

Daily prayer services still occur in the mosque so why not go and spend some time there, say a prayer and embrace the architectural beauty.

Other top tourist attractions are the Grand Bazaar , the largest covered market in the world, the Topkapi Palace and museum where you can view the imperial collections of the Ottoman Empire and then head up the Galata Tower to take in the view of the cityscape.

Whether it’s the only destination on your list, Istanbul really is one of the best cities to visit in Turkey.

Reading Tip: Top 17 Things to do in Istanbul – Complete Istanbul City Guide

How to get to Istanbul

The easiest way to get to Istanbul is by plane. Turkish Airlines along with other major airlines have regular daily flights to this remarkable city.

Places to stay in Istanbul

There are hundreds of lovely, well-priced places to stay when visiting Istanbul. We have included a few hotels and guesthouses for less than €50/night below:

• Atlantis Royal Hotel ( check price and availability here )
• Sirkeci Ersu Hotel & SPA ( check price and availability here )
• Ahmet Efendi Konağı ( check price and availability here )

Things to do in Istanbul

We would highly recommend going on a walking tour and you can take one for FREE through Old Istanbul.

You’ll learn all about the incredible history of Istanbul and also be guided to a number of the city’s beautiful landmarks, including the ones we have mentioned above.

Read: T o p 1 7 Things to do in Istanbul

2. Bursa / Cumalikizik

Cumalikizik is a UNESCO World Heritage town, 20 minutes from Bursa.

Perched in the hills on the foot of the Uludag Mountain, the cobblestoned and narrow streets of this 700-year-old village remain largely untouched and have been well preserved.

This little village is another one of the many well-visited tourist places in Turkey, with streets lined with traditional houses, the higher you walk up, the less crowded it becomes.

The friendly reputation of the local villagers, some of who have turned their homes into family-run eateries, precedes them and draws you into this charming Ottoman hamlet, offering you a peek into the traditional Turkish way of life.

Bursa, known as ‘Yeşil Bursa’ (Green Bursa) due to the high number of parks and mountains surrounding it, was also once the capital of the Ottoman state.

How to get to Bursa

From Istanbul- A bus will take you 3 1/2-hours and cost you 15TL, just over €1.(Nilüfer Turizm/bus company) (tel. 0224/444-0099)

Things to do around Bursa

On the west side of Bursa, in the village of Çekirge are natural thermal spring baths whose fame has spread throughout the East and the source of all of them is from Mt. Olympus.

Reading Tip: 10 Useful Things to Know before Visiting Turkey

History lovers gather round, you do not want to miss out on visiting the ruins of Ephesus and the surrounding area, which was once an ancient Greek city. It’s not only the biggest area of excavation in the world but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Located just outside of Selçuk, it was once considered to be the most important Greek city and trading center in the Mediterranean region.

Few ancient landmarks stand quite as impressive as the ruins of this ancient city. Immerse yourself in the ancient history of this place, although thousands of years have gone by, it is nearly impossible not to be impressed by the history and remains of this once bustling city.

It’s also worth visiting the Temple of Artemis, Temple of Hadrian, and the Basilica of St John whilst in the area.

Ephesus is open to visitors every day of the week, and visiting hours may vary depending on the summer and winter seasons. The cost to enter the ruins is 60 TL (Turkish Lira) or about $10.

How to get to Ephesus

You can get to Ephesus from Selçuk by dolmuş (minibus) or taxi. They run every half hour between Selçuk bus station and the lower entrance of Ephesus archaeological site and the journey will take about 5-10 mins.

4. Pamukkale

The mineral white forests of petrified water, series of terraced warm pools of water and the numerous waterfalls that connect all these pools together make for a pretty dream-like landscape in Southwestern Turkey.

The terraces have been created from layers of travertine, white sediment that has been deposited by the hot springs that over time have solidified and become solid.

Platforms, cliffs, and terraces have been formed, entirely made up of this sediment, and you can understand why this place is called ‘cotton castle’ in Turkish, as they appear together as some kind of giant, white castle.

The temperature of the water that flows from the springs is roughly between 35 °C (95° F) to 100 °C (212° F) and you can bathe in mostly all of the 17 springs. They have been drawing visitors since the second century BC and it’s been said that Cleopatra herself bathed in these very pools.

Another one of Turkey’s impressive World Heritage Sites, this open-air spa makes for a completely unique and ancient UNESCO experience.

Reading Tip: Things to do in Pamukkale – The Complete Traveler’s Guide to Pamukkale

How to get to Pamukkale

From Istanbul: There are direct flights from Istanbul to Denizli Çardak, the nearest airport to Pamukkale. The cheapest option is then to go by shuttle bus from the airport to Denizli city’s bus station and catch a dolmuş that departs every 15-20 minutes to Pamukkale.

From Selçuk: Take a train to Denizli Çardak and then from there, take a dolmuş the same as mentioned above.

From Cappadocia: Take an overnight bus. They usually depart around 8PM and arrive the next day at 6AM.

Where to stay in Pamukkale

Read The Complete Guide to Pamukkale for our selection of best places to stay whilst visiting Pamukkale.

5. Gelemis /Patara

Gelemis is a small village completely off the beaten path and untouched by mass tourism. It’s set right at the edge of the coastline in the foothills of the gorgeous Taurus mountains and it’s the perfect place for expat artists in need of some inspiration.

Life here is organized around agriculture and apiculture (beekeeping). People grow all kinds of fruits and vegetables and the landscape is filled with small clusters of beehives.

Next to the village of Gelemis lies an 18km long stretch of beach that can be described not only as one of the most beautiful and unspoiled beaches in all of the Mediterranean but is also the second most important nesting site in Turkey for the endangered loggerhead sea turtles.

Known as Patara, this beach and the surrounding area provide you with an ideal swimming and camping destination, founded by the Lycians during the Roman Empire, it also used to be one of the most important cities and seaports on the Turkish Riviera.

Patara happens to also be the birthplace of Saint Nicholas who was also known as Nikolaos of Myra, a 4th-century Christian saint who would later give rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus. You read that right, the infamous Mr Claus.

There are no tour companies that operate in Patara and everything is local or independent from the pensions where you can stay to the eateries that are run by local families, the only cafe on the beach is run by the local authority with the profits being put back in to support the local area.

The beach remains largely untouched by commercial development due to the city’s few surviving buildings, temples, bathhouses, colonnaded streets and theatre which are incredibly interesting to explore.

Patara is also the stage for a unique cultural event that we would recommend to everyone to attend; the annual Nomadic Walk.

Every year, the people of Patara organize a 10 km walk from Delikemer to Patara where the hikers follow the old Roman aqueducts which were used to bring water from Islamlar, a small town in the mountains, to Patara.

This walk also forms part of a 509 km footpath known as the Lycian Way. If you would like to know more about this event and maybe participate, have a look at our article In the Footsteps of the Nomadic Tribes .

How to get to Patara

Patara is 230 km South-West of Antalya, the easiest way to get there is to follow the coastal highway (highway D4000) through Kaş and Kalkan.

If you’re not in the mood to see the coast and rather see gorgeous mountain landscapes, there is an alternate route that follows highway 3500.

If you’re coming from Fethiye, follow the highway D4000 south for 73 km.

Where to stay in Patara

Hotels and pensions for less than €50/night:

• St. Nicholas Pension ( check price and availability here )
• Flower Hotel Patara ( check price and availability here )

6. Myra (Demre)

Myra was an ancient Lycian town that is now known as Demre.  Most of this ancient city has disappeared and all that remains today are its incredible ruins – an enormous Roman theatre, ancient Roman baths, and two huge necropolises that are carved in the vertical rock cliffs.

If you want to experience one of the most unique places to visit in Turkey, Myra ticks that box. 

The tomb of Saint Nicholas is also housed in the center of Demren at St. Nicholas Church, an ancient East Roman basilica church, built in 520 AD. I

t is noted for its remarkable wall frescos, architectural and religious significance and after a nearby river changed its course, the church was filled with silt and was buried but the frescoes remained intact which is why it remains to be one of many great places in Turkey to visit today.

If you like to see more of this area, check out our video Santa’s Tomb .

How to get to Myra

Demre is located almost halfway between Patara and Antalya. To visit this city just follow the coastal highway (D4000) east of Patara for 87 km.

The bohemian dream of Olympos is nestled amongst lush, pine forests and is the backdrop of Antalya province’s Mediterranean coast.

This is a truly spectacular place, where overgrown Lycian ruins sit within the surrounding forests, this is the place to come if you’re seeking some peaceful tranquility.

This ancient area is under protection which means no luxury hotel or resorts have permission to build, instead you have the opportunity to strip things back to nature and spend a night staying in one of the many Kadir Tree Houses and little wooden shacks.

Olympos is also one of the nesting sites for Caretta Caretta loggerhead sea turtles along Turkey’s Southern coast and it’s important to be respectful and follow the guidelines so as to not disturb their ancient nesting cycle during your stay. 

How to get to Olympos

Olympos is located 77 km north of Demre following the coastal highway (D4000).

As you will approach Olympos the highway will start going through a very high mountain pass. If you have time we would definitely recommend stopping to enjoy the view before continuing to the ruins, it’s totally worth it.

Where to stay in Olympos

The most famous way to spend your night here is in one of the many different tree houses scattered throughout the area. Below we have listed a few other accommodation options for you to choose from:

• Kadir’s Tree Houses (Kadir’in Yeri) are the most famous in Olympos and these were built by the founder of this place Kadir Kaya, 31 years ago. Check here for availability .
• Bayrams Tree Houses sit much closer to the beach in a quieter location. Nestled next to orange and pomegranate trees, there is also a lounge and bar area, the ideal place to sit around an open fire in the evening with a cold beer. Check here for availability .

Things to do in Olympos

If you’re up for a small mountain climb, Mount Chimaera is worth visiting whilst you are in Olympus.

It’s about a one-hour walk to see Yanartaş or alternatively, you can hop on a service bus or organize a car from your accommodation.

The climb will take you another half an hour approx to reach the top of this small mountain but it’s so worth it to make it to the top where you’ll witness a very unusual sight.

Yanartaş are flames that burn on their own and never go out made from a combination of natural gases that emerge like flames from the rock, burning day and night as they enter into contact with the air.

If you head to the top, just before sunset, you’ll see the flames at their most spectacular.

There are many areas around Olympos that are great for rock climbing. One of the most well-known areas for climbing is at Kadir’s Tree Houses where you will be able to find all the necessary supplies and gear for your level.

8. The Blue LAgoon / Ölüdeniz

The Blue Lagoon in Ölüdeniz is on the list of Turkey’s top UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The gorgeously vibrant, turquoise water within the lagoon boasts a tremendous array of different shades of blue great with a thin finger of beautiful white sand that curves around the water.

Add in a gorgeous mountainous backdrop and you’ll understand why this beach is considered to be one of the most beautiful places in Turkey and is one of the most photographed too.

For this reason, it’s important to note that it can be extremely busy with visitors.

If you’re after a more spacious way to view this site, why not consider taking to the skies and trying your hand at paragliding, soaking up the spectacular views from the air.

How to get to the Blue Lagoon

You can catch a bus from nearby Antalya, a resort town on the south coast that will take about 3.5 hours and cost you around €6.

9. The Lycian way / Fethiye to Antalya

Located on Turkey’s Tekke Peninsula, known historically as Lycia, the Lycian Way is a footpath that spans across 540 km of mountains, coastline, and valleys from Fethiye to Antalya.

A well-marked-out path takes you past many major archaeological sites, stretches of beautiful coastline and gorgeously lush pine forests and hiking the entire way would take you around a month to complete.

If you decide to walk this path, the route will take you past historical sites from the Greek culture and Roman Empires that date back to 8 BC, passing through traditional villages that seem untouched by tourism where you can find food and other supplies.

Your accommodation options whilst on this path are guest houses, village homes and basic B&Bs although, we might suggest camping as a fantastic option and depending on your location, it can be the easiest option whilst walking the Way.

It is possible to walk only parts of the way and depending on your hiking experience, you could choose the eastern part for the tougher hike especially close to Fethiye are particularly tricky.

The western part would be more suitable if you are not as experienced as this is the easier section of the way.

The best time to go would be either in the Spring March-May or in the Autumn months of September/October, that way you’re not walking in the sizzling summer heat and avoid the larger crowds of tourists.

Experiencing walking along the Lycian Way is a really special way to take in so many of the sights to see in Turkey.

Reading Tip: Cycling in Turkey – 3 Cycling Routes

How to get to the Lycian Way

The Lycian way starts in Olu Deniz, about 2 hours from the Dalaman airport and finishes in Antalya but you can find numerous access points to this path along the coast.

Since it connects the archaeological sites of Myra and Olympos, it is also very easy to access the path from these two locations.

Where to stay on the Lycian Way

We have included a link to a great website that lists a whole heap of places to stay whilst walking the Lycian Way. Find it here .

From incredible architecture, great food and some of the oldest mosques in Turkey, this is a brilliant city for you to load up on culture.

Konya is the Islamic capital of Turkey and home of the world-famous spiritual poet Rumi, known to the Turkish people as ‘Melvana’ – (the sainted one), and his tomb is kept within The Mevlana museum.

This mystic and Sufi saint loved all religions and followed his own religion which was love and his followers are known as the Whirling Dervishes.

The whirling is a form of Sama, a physically active meditation and is also called ‘Sufi spinning’. The Dervishes listen to music, whilst focusing on God and spin their body in repetitive circles, which is a symbolic imitation of the planets orbiting the sun.

This spinning dance represents a spiritual journey to enlightenment in which the Dervishes aim to reach the source of all ‘perfection’.

They seek through abandoning their egos and personal desires to find truth and cultivate inner peace so in turn, they can foster peace and world harmony.

Known as the heart and soul city, no trip would be complete without a visit to Konya, one of Turkey’s best cities.

How to get to Konya

From Istanbul or Ankara, it’s faster, more comfortable, and not much more expensive to take the high-speed train. Two trains leave daily between Istanbul and Konya, stopping at Eskişehir where you will have to change trains, taking in total about 4.5 hours.

If traveling by plane, Turkish Airlines has several flights each day between Istanbul and Konya.

Driving or hitchhiking – If you are coming from Antalya, follow the highway D4000 until you are in Kizilagac. From there take the D695 north and follow it until it becomes the highway D696. Continue following this road and you will arrive in Konya. The total distance from Antalya to Konya is 304 km.

Where to stay in Konya

Below, we’ve listed a few choices for accommodation whilst visiting Konya. Hotels and guesthouses for less than €50/night:

• Araf Hotel: see here for availability
• Rumi Hotel: check here for availability
• Bera Konya Hotel: see here for availability and prices

Things to do in Konya

If you want to truly experience the essence of Konya, take yourself to see an authentic Sema ceremony and watch the Whirling Dervishes perform.

The ceremony is a free event that takes place every Saturday night at 7 pm at the Mevlana Cultural Center and we would advise that you head there early to get yourself a seat with a great view.

Each show lasts about two hours and it’s a wonder to see.

11. Cappadocia

High on the Anatolian plateau, Cappadocia’s curious landscape resembles that of a fantasy world.

The rugged mountains, vast plains, and the formation of its valleys and landscape have been shaped by the frequent eruption of three volcanoes and created from layers of deposits of lava, volcanic ash and basalt.

Earthquakes and effects of erosion have contributed to the creation of Cappadocia’s famous ‘fairy chimneys, tall cone-shaped honey-colored rocks that have been slowly eroded into stunning sculptural forms that resemble minarets.

The history of Cappadocia is as rich and remarkable as its landscape. The first dwellers in this region were troglodytes or cave dwellers during the Bronze Age who carved out cave houses, churches and monasteries from this soft volcanic rock, creating settlements underground.

The cave houses were then used later on in history by Christians fleeing Roman persecution. Nowadays, locals in Cappadocia now inhabit many of these cave houses and treat them as their permanent homes.

Cappadocia is one of the best places in Turkey for families to meet in a unique tourist environment, a place for you to make some memories of a lifetime.

If you thought that the views were spectacular from the ground, imagine the mesmerizing view from 3200 feet above the ground in a hot air balloon?

Watch more about Konya and Cappadocia in the video Dancing Dervishes and Hot Air Balloons .

How to get to Cappadocia

Turkish Airlines has daily flights from Istanbul, Antalya, and Izmir to the Nevşehir airport. From there, there is a bus that leaves from the airport at the top of every hour called the Tüzköy minibus.

This bus will take you to Gülşehir and from there you can catch a local city bus into the main city center of Cappadocia.

Where to stay in Cappadocia

• BUDGET: Old Town Stone House ( see availability here )
• MID RANGE: Lunar Cappadocia Hotel ( check prices here )
• LUXURY: Sultan Cave Suites ( find more info here )

What to do in Cappadocia

Voted as one of the best destinations in the world for hot air ballooning, Cappadocia attracts people from all over the world who want to set sail up into the clouds and take in the wonder of its incredible landscape from the sky.

If you choose a sunrise trip, you will be taken up for one hour over the fairy chimneys, orchards, and vineyards.

It’s wise to reserve your ticket ahead of time during the high season and the cheapest tickets for a standard flight are sold for about €90.

12. Sumela Monastery, Trabzon

Nestled in a cliff, 1200 meters above sea level is where you’ll find the Sumela Monastery in Trabzon province on Turkey’s Black Sea coast, which is said to be more than a thousand years old.

This Greek Orthodox Ministry, built in the year 346 AD holds both cultural and historical significance and is a prominent tourist attraction.

Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, built to house an icon of her that was believed to possess miraculous properties. Built high into a cliff, access to the building is via a steep path through the forest and then via a narrow stairway.

The principal areas of the Monastery are the Rock Church, kitchens, students’ rooms, a library, several chapels as well as a holy water fountain.

Both the inside and outside walls of the church have been covered in intricate and detailed frescoes that depict biblical scenes from the lives of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ.

The murals of the chapel were painted in three different periods, on three different levels with most of those that are visible today dating back to the 18th century.

In 2000 the Monastery was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List and has been closed to the public since 2015 for safety reasons, however, the site was partially reopened in July 2020 after the completion of major restoration works.

This part of North-Eastern Turkey is quite unique with nearby Trabzon not only lying close to the Black Sea but also the epic Pontic Mountains passing through it, it’s an area of Turkey that has been sprinkled with bouts of silence and a lot of beauty.

How to get to the SUmela Monastery in Trabzon

From Trabzon, you should be able to get a dolmuş (pronounced dol-moosh) direct from the east-bound dolmus station located along the highway.

They leave twice a day at 11 AM and 2 PM in the summer.

Reading Tip: 10 Best Non-Touristy Cities to visit in Turkey

Artvin sits by the Black Sea, on the border of Georgia, and is yet another one of the beautiful places to visit in Turkey.

Surrounded by mountains, some reaching 4,000 metres, it’s dreamlike landscape carved by the Çoruh River (one of the longest-running in Turkey) is full of rock formations, steep valleys and forests of tall pine trees that will completely mesmerize all who visit.

This is a truly breathtaking place and among the wonders that everyone should see at least once.

This part of Turkey is also the area where you can find the Laz people. It’s a culture that has its very own language, called Laz that has been classified by UNESCO as an endangered language.

The Laz people have their own traditions, one of them involves the Tulum, a form of Turkish bagpipe that people dance the Horon to.

I visited this gorgeous place and met Evrim, the owner of a hostel there (see below) who is a descendant of the Laz people of Turkey.

I also had the honor of meeting Evrim’s father who told me all about the history and culture of the Laz people, recited some beautiful Laz poems and taught me some Laz words too.

How to get to Artvin

The fastest and easiest way to get there from Istanbul is to follow the highways E80 and E70 east. The road is long (1219 km) but you will see some of the most scenic landscapes that we have seen in Turkey.

You can fly from Istanbul to Erzurum (1hr 45 flight) and then from there you can take a bus (3h 36m bus) from Erzurum Otogar that leaves 5 times a day.

Where to stay in Artvin

Bageni Pansiyon is the perfect place to spend some time day gazing at the green valley below and the ocean in the distance.

Things to do in Artvin

The most popular reason for visiting and exploring this area is for its natural beauty and the various trekking and hiking opportunities on offer.

Mount Kaçkar is one of the highest mountains in Turkey and is the most popular trekking route.

The Trans-Kaçkar route that takes you through Yusufeli Yaylalar Village to Rize – Çamlıhemşin Ayder Highlands is another option for avid trekkers and mountaineering groups.

Visitors also travel here to try out some of the more adventurous activities to do in Turkey such as skiing, rafting and canoeing.

We really hope this article has helped you plan for your trip and that you’re no longer asking the question of, ‘where should I travel to in Turkey?’.

We have tried our very hardest to cover what we believe to be the best places to visit in Turkey and the top things to do whilst you are there. Wishing you the most magical of trips!

Don’t forget to check out the articles below, in which we tell you everything you need to know about this beautiful destination!

MORE TURKEY TRAVEL POSTS

• The 13 beautiful and unique places to visit in Turkey
• 10 best non-touristy cities to visit in Turkey
• 10 useful things to know to visit Turkey
• The complete guide to the miraculous pools of Pamukkale
• Top 17 things to do in Istanbul
• Backpacking in Turkey on a budget – How much does it cost to travel in Turkey
• Is Turkey dangerous? This is what we’ve learned so far!
• In the Footsteps of the Nomadic Tribes
• 25 photos that will trigger your wanderlust for Turkey
• What happens when you overstay your visa in Turkey
• One year of hitchhiking – the good, the bad, and the untold stories. Part 2: Turkey
• Cycling in Turkey: 3 great routes

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10 Useful Things to know to visit Turkey

10 Best Non-Touristy Cities to Visit in Turkey

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Backpacking in Turkey on a budget – How much does it cost to travel in Turkey?

One year of hitchhiking – the good, the bad and the untold stories. Part 2: Turkey

25 thoughts on “the 13 best places to visit in turkey”.

Thanks ! Was a great Post !

Thank you Kevin!

Hey! Loved the post and Im planning my trip. Whats the name and place of the hostel in Rize/Artvin?

Hi Hibbe, thank you so much! The name of this hostel is Bageni Pansiyon and it’s located in the mountains near the village of Findikli. You can find more info and the exact address of this hostel here: https://www.facebook.com/bagenipansiyon/

I came here as an aupair in 2017 and it is totally different than I thought. Turkey is a lovely country and thanks aupairinturkey, the agency in Turkey I had a chance to discover this country. You sohuld all visit here and people are so friendly

Thank you! We are visiting Turkey next week and want to avoid all of the conflict. We have based our trip on your itinerary and are looking forward to it (not hitting everything).

Hi Laura, very happy to hear you used this post as inspiration for your trip! Which places are you going to visit? Have a great trip and enjoy!!

Living in Turkey, this post put a big smile on my face. You’ve visited a diverse range of places and had some great experiences. We have a lot of dots to visit on our map of Turkey. The list keeps getting longer, regardless of how many places we visit. So when I read your post about overstaying on your visa, I could easily relate how that happened. Wishing you happy travels to come!

Hi Pascale! Your comment puts a smile on my face 🙂 Turkey has so many beautiful places and has so many varied experiences to offer! We still want to return to visit some places and regions that we had to skip last time. I can imagine that your list is only growing 😀 Where in Turkey are you based? Wishing you a great time exploring the country and ticking of your list 😀 Warm wishes!

Hi Cynthia, thank you for your kind wishes. We’re currently based in Faralya, which is near Fethiye. We do have plans to move around though!

thanks for the advice. what is effes?

Effes is a Turkish beer, I like it (and I’m from Belgium… 😉 )

Turkey has been on my radar after seeing so many beautiful pictures on Instagram. I would love to go on a hot air balloon in Cappadoci one day! And Pamukkale looks absolutely stunning!

You’ve discovered so many beautiful gems!! What’s your favorite??? I’m bookmarking this for when I take a trip to Turkey! I’d love to go to Pamukkale and Cappadocia most especially! And maybe ride on a hot air balloon! What a dream!

Woow! That’s one hell of an article. I loved every bit of it! I really like Turky, but i’ve been only to Istanbul so far. I really want to see each and every place you wrote about here and hopefully even more. Good luck on your trip! I admire u deeply! 🙂

Thank you Nastja 🙂 Turkey is a surprisingly varied ranging from fantastic beaches to stunning archaeological sites. Hope you go back there one day to explore more of this beautiful country!! 🙂

I was completely hooked to your post right from your first picture of Myra (and I ended up researching a lot about it later on). I have spent such little time in Turkey and I think it’s a shame. Bookmarking this post for planning my adventures there 🙂

Thanks!! Myra is definitely worth a visit! Where did you stay when you visited Turkey?

Turkey is a wonderland and all of these places that you have listed look breathtaking. Turkey has been in my bucket list since a long time and now I can’t wait to add these places in my bucket list. Amazing!

Pack your bags and go there NOW 🙂 We were very pleasant surprised when we discovered all these beautiful places that Turkey has to offer!!

All of these places look simply incredible, most of which I’d never heard of before! Patara and Myra remind me a lot of different archaeological sites in Jordan. I suppose given their geographical proximity they must share a little bit of history right? Also, I’ve never actually seen a photo of Cappadocia without balloons in it so haven’t ever fully appreciated the landscape. It definitely looks absolutely breathtaking!

Yes, Patara and Myra have definitely a similar look to the sites in Jordan. Cappadocia might be famous for its hot air balloon rides but we didn’t think that was the highlight of our visit there. That landscape is so outworldy and is beautiful to see with and without balloons 😉

Great post Nicholas, You posted covered almost all the must see sites Turkey. Love it. I must say that I had thought of visiting Turkey one day but the pictures from Myra, Pamukkale and Cappadocia are simply stunning. More interesting than the capital Istanbul, which everyone talks about.

Thanks man! We first had the idea to visit Istanbul but eventually never made it there. Instead we ventured through other parts of the country and we’re happy we did or we might have missed out on these beauties!

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13 of the most beautiful places in Turkey

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At the point where Europe and Asia collide, it is Turkey ’s transcontinental culture-clash, its east-west spice-mix of influences, flavours, cultures, religions and histories, that makes this country so intoxicating. This is a land of sensorial richness, in its bazaars and mosques, its food and arts; of exoticism and romance, from its Ottoman palaces to fairy-tale Cappadocia. Its beauty spots are equally diverse. Inland there are otherworldly landscapes and ancient wonders to be explored, once the playgrounds of Cleopatra and Mark Antony, Caesar and Alexander the Great, and yet they are little visited compared with similar sites in Italy and Greece . In summer, Turkey's exceptionally beautiful Turquoise Coast is plied by gulets sailing on their Blue Voyages from the Aegean to the eastern reaches of the Mediterranean, dropping anchor to swim in bays of crystal-clear water, and taking long lunches in fishing villages, at blue-painted tables and chairs framed with canopies of pink bougainvillaea, where life has gone on unchanged for thousands of years. To help you find these spots, we've rounded up the most beautiful places to visit in Turkey.

13. Sumela Monastery

Far from the tourist hotspots dotted along Turkey’s southern coast, in the often-overlooked northeastern reach of the country, sits the city of Trabzon. Thanks to its position along the ancient Silk Road, it’s a melting pot of cultures, religions and customs, and several civilizations have left their mark over the past three millennia. One of the most iconic attractions is Sumela Monastery, a religious site founded in the fourth century during the reign of Emperor Theodosius I. Reach the cliff-face monastery via winding paths and stone steps through the forest below and marvel at the 13th-century structure, restored with funds granted by the Government of Turkey ahead of its reopening as a public museum and pilgrimage site in 2019.

12. Lake Salda

Lake Salda’s white sand beaches, crystal clear water and tranquil setting have led those lucky enough to visit its picturesque shores to declare it ‘The Maldives of Turkey’. However, you’ll find no mega-resorts here – just peaceful, out-of-the-way spots perfect for a dip. It lies around two-and-a-half hours from the popular tourist resorts of Fethiye to the southwest and Antalya to the southeast, meaning only the most dedicated international visitors commit to the five-hour round trip during the scorching summer months. The hydromagnesite minerals found here are beneficial for several dermatological conditions, making it one of the best natural spas in Turkey. Make the most of the hiking trails through the black pine forests and check into one of the basic but super-affordable hotels in nearby Yeşilova.

11. İztuzu Beach and Lycian Tombs, Dalyan

Despite its small size, Dalyan has a few claims to fame. Hoards of sun-worshippers head to the beautiful sands of İztuzu Beach during the summer months. However, tourists must vacate by 8pm, as it’s one of the Mediterranean’s prime sites for nesting ​​loggerhead turtles. The international press picked up whispers of major development in the early 1980s, and the subsequent battles against it by conservationists led the government to grant the beach Special Environmental Protection Area Status in 1988. Further inland, diners gaze up at the majestic 2,000-year-old Lycian Tombs from riverbank restaurants illuminated by fairy lights and clear night skies. See them in two different lights by embarking on a boat trip from the heart of the town out to sea, and watch how the colour of the water changes in a sudden flash.

10. Balat, Istanbul

Istanbul ’s artsy neighbourhood of Balat, the old Jewish quarter, has colour-popping pockets amid its more down-at-heel residential streets – bright-painted stairs (like those up to Incir Ağacı Kahvesi café), street art, parasol-shaded streets and terraced wooden houses in sugary pastels and rainbow shades (try Kiremit Caddesi). Wind around the steep cobbled lanes to dig out surprises in the rootsy cafés and vintage shops, live music venues and edgy art galleries.

Where to stay: Join Istanbul’s creatives at Soho House Istanbul , set in a historic building with a Cecconi’s restaurant and Cowshed spa.

9. Butterfly Valley, Fethiye

One of the greatest rewards for walkers on the Lycian Way is the spectacular view as you pass above Butterfly Valley: a jag of cove sheered out of the land, colossal cliffs rising sheer and scrubby either side of the narrow blue bay, fading to turquoise at the shore. On the toenail of sand-and-pebble beach at the foot of it, accessible only by boat, there’s a campsite with a beach bar serving beers and grilled fish, and yoga classes are held beneath the trees. Heading inland, the valley (used for all eternity as a goods route) leads through lush greenery and waterfalls, and in springtime, is filled with 100 species of butterfly.

Where to stay: Take an organised boat trip from one of the prettiest resorts along the peninsula to Butterfly Valley. Yazz Collective is ideal for a chic, back-to-nature beach club vibe, where DJs soundtrack weekends as superyachts pull up in the distance. Further along, Hillside Beach Club is popular among families keen to entertain children without compromising style.

Turkey has a great number of ancient sites, most far less visited than similar sites in Italy and Greece; and Ephesus, now UNESCO-protected , is arguably the grandest of them all. The Temple of Artemis which stood in the ancient city of Ephesus was one of the original Seven Wonders of the World . Little remains of it now, but the remains of Ephesus are wondrous nonetheless. Set back from the Aegean coast, the settlement began 9,000 years ago. There Roman, Christian, Ottoman, Hellenistic and Greek monuments: colonnaded streets, temples, a huge amphitheatre, the Celsus library whose carved façade still stands today, archways framing the blue Mediterranean sky.

Far enough from the big seaside hubs to keep it offbeat, the old fishing village of Kaş remains a hideaway for hippie travellers and boho-chic Turks. Crazy-paved streets are lined by traditional white-washed houses, wooden balconies overhung with billowing bougainvillaea, against a backdrop of mountains. It sits beside the most delicious turquoise sea, rustic swimming terraces and daybeds built over the water, piled with bright cushions and textiles. The village’s Kaputaş beach is a knock-out, all dazzling white and bright blue, surrounded by dramatic cliffs; and nearby, off the island of Kekova, there’s an underwater city to explore with snorkels, visible beneath the crystal-clear water.

Stretching more than seven miles, Patara Beach is the longest and most wildly beautiful in Turkey – and also one of the emptiest. Breakers crash along one edge of this deep, wide stretch of pale sand; along the other are dunes and pine trees, marshes and lagoons, now a natural park rich in birdlife, so you are completely surrounded by water and wildlife – most notably, endangered loggerhead turtles. It’s thanks partly to the turtles that the beach remains unspoilt and protected, and also to the ruins of the ancient city of Patara, built – it is said, by Apollo’s son – at the back of the beach. You access the shore via these ruins, which include an amphitheatre, parliament building (found buried in the sand in the 1990s) and the column-flanked remains of the main street. Apollo’s temple is believed to still lie somewhere beneath, as yet undiscovered.

5. The domes of Istanbul

Across the Golden Horn, the more modest Ortaköy Mosque is one of the city’s prettiest, white in marble and stone, with pink mosaics within; located at the water’s edge beside the Bosphorus bridge, it is breathtaking at sunset with the golden light, and in the morning, when the call rings out across the water. Some of Istanbul’s most beautiful places are its mosques. The city’s architectural masterpiece, the Hagia Sofia, began life 1,500 years ago as a Byzantine cathedral, was converted to a mosque by the Ottomans, then in the 1930s became a museum – until, the summer of 2020, contentiously, it became a mosque once again. But all visitors are still welcome, to pray or just contemplate in awe beneath its soaring golden dome, shafts of sunlight piercing its stained-glass windows like the fingers of God. Beside it sits the Blue Mosque, built in the Ottoman era, its interior lined with handmade Iznik ceramic tiles and overhead, painted various shades of blue, and so beautiful that even Pope Benedict couldn’t stay away; when he visited in 2006 thanked ‘divine providence' for it. Built by Süleyman the Magnificent in the 16th century, Süleymaniye Mosque is just that. High on Istanbul’s Third Hill amid gardens and marble colonnaded grandeur, it has magnificent views of the city, too.

Where to stay: Stay at Four Seasons Hotel Sultanahmet to experience the finer side of this dazzling bicontinental city and enjoy close access to many of Istanbul’s bucket list attractions. For a more affordable stay in the nearby Beyoğlu district, look no further than Hammamhane ’s spacious studio-style rooms, many with terrace access or balconies overlooking the historic hammam.

4. Gümüşlük, Bodrum

Until the 20th century the fishing villages dotted around the Bodrum Peninsula were only accessible from the water, and still today the best way to get around is by boat. Of all these fishing villages, the most charming is Gümüşlük. Ramshackle restaurants, simple driftwood-style shacks, line the water’s edge, some literally set in the shallows, where you can eat meze and just-caught, just-grilled fish with your feet in the water (the smartest spot is Mimoza). Gourd lanterns, handpainted in jewel shades, hang from the trees and canopies, creating sculptural shapes in the sunshine and enchanting at night when all lit up. It’s also the best spot in Bodrum to catch sunset.

Where to stay: As charming as Gümüşlük is, its small size warrants little more than a long afternoon there. Live the high life in beach club escape Scorpios Bodrum in Göltürkbükü, or stay closer in Turgutreis for more of a resort-town feel – Hotel Turiya is a popular choice among Turkish holidaymakers and long-time visitors.

3. Blue Lagoon, Olüdeniz

This bay of turquoise water, with its finger of white sand curving around it, is so supernaturally vibrant that it has become a poster child for the Turquoise Coast. The sands of Belcekiz beach slip into the limpid shallows, creating Maldivian-esque swirling seascapes of blue and white, protected by the green-forested promontories which lie around it like sleeping dragons. Overhead, the skies are full of paragliders viewing the whole splendid shebang from the air.

Where to stay: Lissiya Hotel is a short drive away from the action, but it’s ideal for escaping the hoard of beachgoers that descend on the Blue Lagoon each summer.

2. The pools of Pamukkale

The mineral springs that have cascaded down the hillside for thousands of years have created this extraordinary sight – Pamukkale means ‘cotton castle’ – in Turkey’s Büyük Menderes Valley. The series of natural pools of pale eau-de-nil water, cupped in shallow, organic-shaped basins of gleaming-white travertine, are terraced into the hillside, overspilling with the mineral-rich spring water that formed them and which appears to have frozen in time in petrified waterfalls, stalactites of limestone like wedding-cake icing dripping down the hillside. The spectacle gets busy with tourists, but often overlooked are the ancient ruins of the Greco-Roman spa town Hierapolis, built at the very top of the site, around the healing springs. Here you can bathe in Cleopatra’s very own hot bath, said to have been a gift from Mark Antony; once covered by the Roman temple of Apollo, the doric columns now lie in the water, and the pool is flanked with flowers.

1. The Fairy Chimneys of Cappadocia

High on the Anatolian plateau, the curious landscapes of Cappadocia resemble a fantasy world. Honey-coloured rocks have eroded into sculptural forms resembling minarets, magic mushrooms and what have become known as Fairy Chimneys, while underground, settlers since the Bronze Age have been busy carving out cave houses, churches and monasteries from the soft volcanic rock – even entire subterranean cities. The thing to do is take a hot-air balloon ride at sunrise or sunset; alternatively, see it on horseback or two wheels – or watch the spectacle from the terrace of your cave hotel in the town of Göreme (try Sultan Cave Suites for its rooftop, Museum Hotel or Kayakapi which all have outdoor pools; rustic-charming Cappadocia Cave Suites; or film-set-like Yunak Evleri) as hundreds of balloons drift overhead and the low sun casts apricot light on this extraordinary land. One of the most romantic spots on earth.

Where to stay: Embrace ‘cave chic’ and easily access some of the areas best viewpoints from Artemis Cave Suites and Spa .

17 Top-Rated Things to Do in Turkey

Written by Jess Lee Updated May 11, 2023

Author Jess Lee lives in Turkey, led adventure tours in the country for five years, and has authored several travel guidebooks to the country.

Turkey's rich cultural heritage and varied geography, which swoops from beaches to mountains and high plateaus, guarantees that visitors have plenty of activities and things to do on hand.

The long, meandering coastline offers some of the most scenic sailing in the Mediterranean plus Turkey's most famous long-distance hiking trail. Cappadocia's hot-air ballooning is feted as the best in the world.

Even on a short city break in Istanbul, you can easily dig a bit deeper into Turkish culture by taking a food tour, shopping in the historic bazaars, or simply steaming yourself rosy-pink in a hammam (Turkish bath).

Whether you're here for a few days or a month, plan your time using our list of the top things to do in Turkey.

Scrub Up in a Hamam (Turkish Bath)

Hot-air ballooning over cappadocia, hike the lycian way, explore ephesus, yacht cruising from fethiye, paragliding in ölüdeniz & pamukkale, join a food tour in istanbul, kayaking at kekova, watching a whirling dervish ceremony (sema), hop aboard an istanbul ferry tour, horse riding in cappadocia, go boating in bodrum, shop in the bazaars, take the eastern express to kars, trek in the kaçkar mountains, take a scenic cable car ride, river cruising at dalyan, map of things to do in turkey, best time to visit turkey for activities.

Highlight: Experience spa life, Turkish style, amid the opulent interiors of a historic Ottoman hamam

Getting soaped up and scrubbed down in a hamam (Turkish bath) is the traditional Turkish bathing experience that combines history and culture with pure pampering. These public baths were once an integral part of life in the Ottoman Era. Today, many of the more ornate surviving hamams are tourist attractions in themselves.

In a typical hamam experience, you first sweat it out amid the steam before an attendant scrubs your skin with a traditional kese mitten. Cold water is then thrown over your body before you have a tip-to-toe soapy wash that includes a (very short) massage.

Many of the most famous hamams are now like historical spas and offer extra services such as oil and aromatherapy massages, facials, and manicures that you can add on to your traditional soak and scrub.

Istanbul is home to some of Turkey's most lauded hamams, with lavish, domed marble interiors that provide one of the most luxurious and ornate bathing backdrops you're likely to ever have.

In particular, the Cağaloğlu Hamam , in business since 1741, and the Ayasofya Hürrem Sultan Hamam , built by the famed Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan for Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, are two of the best places to visit for a scrub and soak that combines historic sightseeing with Turkey's most famous bathing experience.

Highlight: Panoramic vistas over one of Turkey's most astonishing landscapes

One of Turkey's top things to do, a hot-air balloon ride over Cappadocia provides astonishing panoramic vistas of this region's fantastical rock formations.

Cappadocia is known as one of the world's top ballooning destinations . Flight conditions allow for year-round flights, and due to a lack of wildlife, balloons here are allowed to fly close to the ground, so ballooners get both up-close and far-above aerial views.

Ballooning takes place just after sunrise, so be prepared to roll out of bed before dawn if you want to partake. The early morning wake-up call is definitely worth it for the experience of seeing the jutting fairy chimney formations and craggy moonscape of valleys from above.

A standard hot-air balloon experience here includes hotel pickup and drop-off (from hotels across the Cappadocia village region) and breakfast.

You'll typically share a basket with between 16 and 24 other participants for a flight that takes between 45 minutes to an hour.

Both longer flight packages and completely private flights are also offered.

Read More: Top-Rated Things to Do in Cappadocia

Highlight: Back-to-basics slow travel on one of the world's top-rated thru-hikes

Turkey's most famous long-distance walking trail winds along the Mediterranean Coast from Fethiye down to Antalya .

Along its 540-kilometer length, the way-marked trail passes some of Turkey's most famous Classical-era Lycian city ruins, such as UNESCO World Heritage-listed Xanthos and Letoön, as well as taking in some of this coastline's most magnificent views.

Scenery along the Lycian Way swoops from craggy Taurus Mountain vistas to rocky pine-forest-clad coves lapped by the Mediterranean Sea.

Walking the entire trail takes 29 days. Most people, though, walk just a few sections of the trail or a section as a day hike.

Good destinations for starting a shorter Lycian Way hike are Fethiye, Patara, Kalkan, and Kaş.

Highlight: Stroll through the preserved remnants of one of the eastern Mediterranean's most famed ancient cities

One of the world's best-preserved Roman ruins, exploring Ephesus , whether independently or on a guided skip-the-line tour, allows you to get a real feel for city life in the ancient world. Ephesus was once home to a population of approximately 250,000 and was capital of Asia Minor in the region's Roman era.

Today, its major monuments such as the Library of Celsus, Great Theater (which could seat 25,000), and Temple of Hadrian are reminders of the city's grandeur at the height of its power.

Exploring beyond these famous buildings, though, reaps rewards. In Ephesus' Terraced Houses complex, you see the frescoes and mosaic floors that decorated the villas of the city's upper classes. The various bathing complexes show the public nature of Roman ablutions, while multiple temples point to the importance of religious worship in daily Roman life.

The two main bases for visiting Ephesus are the town of Selçuk , right beside the ruins, and the resort town of Kuşadası , 20 kilometers to the south.

Highlight: Scenic trips showcasing the Turkish coast at its most dramatic

Fethiye is the number one base for travelers who want to cast off for yachting trips along Turkey's Mediterranean coast.

If you don't have plenty of time up your sleeve, you can opt for the popular 12 Island's Tour day trip, which sails around the islands that speckle Fethiye Bay. It makes for a lazy day of sun-soaked lounging, scenery, and swim stops.

The most famous sailing itinerary, though, is the Blue Cruise tour. This trip takes three nights to sail along the coastline from Fethiye to Olympos , with stops at Butterfly Valley, Gemiler (St. Nicholas) Island, Kaş, and the Kekova Island area. Typically, the yachts take between 12 and 14 passengers, and facilities are shared.

High season for yacht trip departures is July and August, though trips are possible from April through to October.

Highlight: Adrenaline-fueled aerial views over some of Turkey's most famous landmarks

Paragliding takes place at several destinations in Turkey but for tourists, the two best places to visit for this adventure sport are Ölüdeniz and Pamukkale.

Ölüdeniz is feted as one of the world's top destinations for tandem paragliding tours. For scenery, as you descend, you really can't beat it, with a backdrop of craggy pine-tree-clad mountains swooping down to the famed azure blue lagoon and Mediterranean Sea beyond.

Flights take off from the summit of Babadağ (Mount Baba), which looms over the resort village, and land on the beach in front.

Tandem paragliding at Pamukkale offers aerial views over both one of Turkey's best-known Roman city ruins and most famous natural wonders.

Flights soar over the ruins of Roman Hierapolis and the slope of glistening white calcite travertines below. For sightseeing from a bird's-eye perspective, it can't be beaten.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Pamukkale

Highlight: Dig deeper into Turkish culture and history through its famed cuisine

Istanbul is foodie central, and there are few better ways of discovering a city's culture than through its food.

Several local Istanbul tour companies run walking tours that focus on Istanbul's culinary heritage. They're an excellent way of supplementing your big-hitter sightseeing and getting to know the city on a more intimate level.

Depending on the itinerary you choose, the walks take you through some of the city's market districts, to local restaurants well off the normal tourist beat, street food stalls, and to specialist food purveyors — such as cheese mongers, confectioners, and coffee roasters — with plenty of sampling of local delicacies.

Some focus on specific neighborhoods, such as the Bazaar district , Beyoğlu, or Kadıköy and look at their distinct food cultures, while others take a wider-lens view and hit both the Asian and European shores.

All the tours give you a more personal view of this mega-city and allow you to look beyond the historic monuments to see the city's vibrant, modern face.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Istanbul

Highlight: An up-close, slower style of exploring one of the Mediterranean's most idyllic areas

The main center for organized sea kayaking activities along Turkey's rugged coastline is Kaş . The nearby Kekova Island area, with its underwater Sunken City ruins, is best seen from a kayak, and tour operators in town offer popular daily excursions from April to September.

These kayaking trips are suitable for complete beginners and are the only way to see the ruins up close, as swimming isn't allowed in the area.

A typical tour heads by vehicle to the itsy village of Uçağız and launches the kayaks from the harbor there. Kayakers then paddle out of the harbor and skim along the Kekova Island shoreline to see the ruins. Afterward, you cross the Kekova Strait to the village of Kaleköy to see the ruins of Ancient Simena, before paddling back along the coast to Uçağız.

If you're a more experienced kayaker, a couple of Kaş tour operators also offer longer, multi-day sea kayaking trips that explore farther along the rocky, forest-clad coast with its sea caves and ancient harbor ruins.

Highlight: Experience a performance of the sacred swirling of the Mevlevi Sufis

The Mevlevi sect is a Sufi religious order that began under Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi in 13th-century Konya. They're best known for their religious practice of sema – a meditative whirling ceremony.

In Turkey, there are several places where visitors can see a whirling dervish ceremony, though be aware that most performances in tourist resort towns use professional dancers not Mevlevi devotees. Konya, Istanbul, and Bursa are the best places to see an actual sema.

Konya has held onto its heritage as the birthplace of the Mevlevi order and hosts semas every Saturday evening throughout the year at the Mevlana Culture Center. During the summer months, you can also see the dervishes whirl at a second sema ceremony held outdoors on Wednesdays in the garden of the Mevlana Museum .

In Istanbul, the best place to see the whirling dervishes is the Galata Mevlevi House Museum , which holds a weekly Sunday sema ceremony.

If you're visiting Bursa, don't miss visiting the city's Mevlana Culture Center. Here, you can see Mevlevi students whirl in the short daily evening sema ceremonies.

Highlight: Istanbul sightseeing the easygoing way on these scenic boat trips

Take to the water for Istanbul's most laid-back sightseeing. Istanbul's ferry tours are a popular way to see the city's famed shoreline cityscapes on a ride up the Bosphorus Strait.

There are two main options, depending on how much time you have up your sleeve: The Long Bosphorus Tour departs from Eminönü dock at 10:30am daily throughout the year. It chugs the entire length of the Bosphorus up to the pretty village of Anadolu Kavağı, overlooked by a Byzantine castle, in around 90 minutes. The ferry stops here for three hours before turning around for the return journey.

For a quicker ferry tour itinerary, the Short Bosphorus Tour heads up the strait to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, where it turns around and returns to Eminönü, taking two hours in total. It operates daily from May to October.

Highlight: Horseback adventures amid Turkey's famed valleys of volcanic rock

The valleys of Cappadocia, with their fairy chimney rock formations, make for Turkey's best horse riding destination and there are plenty of stables where you can saddle up.

Sunset tours, taking in some of the most famous valley panoramas, particularly the vistas over Red Valley, are the most popular option and are a good choice for novice riders looking for a short riding option.

If, though, you do have some horse riding experience, opt for a half-day or full-day horse ride. These usually take you into the countryside of Red Valley, Rose Valley, and Meskender Valley, which connects the villages of Göreme and Çavusin to discover the surreal topography of Cappadocia all on horseback.

Highlight: Scenic cruising for a lazy day of swimming, sunbathing, and sightseeing

Bodrum is a major summer vacation hub, and the sun worshippers who head here have plenty of options to get off the beach and onto the water.

The most popular boat trip is a day-long cruise around Bodrum Bay, anchoring off islands for swimming between puttering along, admiring the craggy coastline of the Bodrum Peninsula with its hidden coves and lush forest.

A number of yacht operators also offer one-day and multi-day sailing itineraries.

One-day yacht trips sail around Bodrum Bay, while longer journeys either head down the coast towards Fethiye or combine the Turkish coast with a number of nearby Greek islands. Unlike in Fethiye though, these yacht trips are all private charters.

Highlight: Searching for traditional crafts amid the labyrinthine alleys of historic bazaars

From the many region-specific designs and styles of Turkish carpets to Iznik's blue and white ceramic tiles, Turkey is renowned for its craftwork traditions, and it's a rare traveler who doesn't spend at least some time shopping on their trip.

The most atmospheric places to shop are the bazaars (markets), many of which are sightseeing attractions in themselves.

The most famous bazaar is Istanbul's Grand Bazaar , a thriving center of commerce, with its own restaurants and mosques, which has been in business since 1461. You could easily spend half a day exploring the maze of vault-roofed lanes lined with stalls that lead between hans (caravanserais) and bedestens (warehouses) here.

Bursa's vast bazaar, built during its heyday when it was a major silk producer and trading stop, is another historical bazaar not to miss, both for its modern silk products in the bazaar's Koza Han building and to stroll between and admire the architecture of the restored caravanserais and bedestens here.

If you really enjoy bazaar shopping, though, don't miss the bazaars of Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa where the narrow winding lanes, stuffed with stalls and shops selling spices, local produce, clothing and household goods, are also home to tiny workshops producing fine engraved metalwork and woodcrafts.

Highlight: Sit back and watch the rugged scenery of Turkey's northeast sweep past your window

Turkey's most scenic rail journey is the Eastern Express (Doğu Ekspresi) train, which connects Ankara with Kars in Turkey's far northeast. The journey passes through the best of Anatolia's rugged mountain and high plateau scenery over the 24 hours it takes end to end.

This route has become a favorite tourist activity for Turkish visitors, particularly during winter to see the landscape covered in a deep layer of snow.

In recent years, it has become so popular that tickets can sell out months in advance, so planning is essential if you want to take this train journey.

The train route stops in the cities of Sivas and Erzurum along its way, which are both also worth visiting overnight for their historic monuments, if you want to break up your journey. The most scenic section of the train journey is between Sivas and Kars, so it's also worthwhile just taking this easternmost section.

Highlight: Hub for hikers and nature lovers amid a lush, lesser-seen corner of the country

Tucked into the northeastern corner of Turkey, the Kaçkar Dağları (Kaçkar Mountains) are one of the country's most beautiful wilderness areas.

Lush, green high mountain pastures are hemmed in by soaring snowcapped mountain peaks and densely forested slopes.

The entire area is one of Turkey's top places to visit for climbers and trekkers but is also a major location for less rugged pursuits, such as niche wildflower and butterfly-spotting tours.

The hardiest treks here traverse the high mountain passes (over 3,000 meters high) from the west to east (or vice versa), though villages in the valleys on both sides of the mountain range can also act as bases for easier day hiking.

High summer (July and August) is the main hiking season, as the highest passes are accessible during this time, but if you're only planning to hike in the lower reaches of the mountains, late spring and early fall are also great times to come.

Highlights: Summit a mountain peak the no-sweat way for panoramic vistas

Turkey has several cable cars, but two to definitely add on to your itinerary for the panoramic views they provide are Bursa Teleferik up Uludağ (Mount Ulu), on the outskirts of Bursa, and the Olympos Teleferik in Kemer.

The Olympos Teleferik in Kemer, 50 kilometers west of Antalya, offers stunning views across the coastal mountains of Beydağları National Park, and the Mediterranean Sea beyond, on its way up to the summit of Mount Tahtalı at 2,365 meters.

At the summit, paragliding and hiking trails are available, though many people are here simply for the views along the way and from the summit restaurant.

Bursa Teleferik is one of the longest cable car rides in the world, taking 25 minutes to run the entire nine kilometers up to the ski slopes and ski hotels of Uludağ.

In winter, most people are using the cable car to get to the slopes, while in summer, the stations along the length are big picnicking spots for Bursa locals, but it's also worth riding simply for the views.

Highlight: A scenic river cruise passing ancient ruins perched on the cliffside

Dalyan is a little riverside town, roughly halfway between the big resort towns of Marmaris and Fethiye. It's a laid-back place that's highly popular for summer breaks because of its location, with the ruins of Kaunos on the opposite shore, and just 12 kilometers north from Iztuzu Beach.

The river is Dalyan's prime center of activity. As well as boats shuttling regularly to and from the beach during summer, the boat cooperative here also offer a bundle of half- and full-day tours that further explore this area. The most popular boat trip is heading up river to Lake Köyceğiz and the mineral-rich hot mud pools of Sultaniye Hot Springs.

On Mondays, in summer, the river boat captains also run half-day tours to Köyceğiz village, when the local weekly market is in full swing.

Private river trips heading down river past Iztuzu Beach and along the coast to Ekincik Beach are also popular.

For outdoor activities in general, the best times to visit Turkey are the months of May, June, July, August, and September when the days are long and the weather is dependably sunny.

For water-based activities such as Mediterranean yachting and other cruising, June, July, and August are the best months to visit, as sea conditions are the calmest during this period. And, due to the higher numbers of tourists during this time, there are more trip options (and more regular departures) available.

For hiking activities, the best months to visit depend on the region. For example, July and August are the best months for trekking in the Kaçkar Mountains due to snow cover on the highest mountain passes through much of the rest of the year. But, May and June are noted for being excellent months for hiking the Lycian Way on the Mediterranean coast because of the milder daytime temperatures and lower humidity.

More on Turkey

25 Famous Turkey Landmarks: Historical + Natural

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Turkey is a country that is rich in history – from its long-standing Ottoman and Roman routes to the unsettling Byzantine era. As such, you can surely find some incredible historic landmarks in Turkey to explore.

Not only that, but Turkey has a landscape that is as diverse as it is wide. With breathtaking coastlines, over 45 national parks, cool deserts, and rugged mountains, there are many natural landmarks in Turkey for nature lovers to enjoy.

Whether you’re looking for archeological or architectural landmarks, Turkey is full of them.

From the iconic Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Grand Bazaar, and Topkapi Palace, to the hidden gems of Mount Nemrut, Mount Tahtali, and Cappadocia, these are the top Turkey landmarks that you simply must visit.

Famous Landmarks in Turkey

Let’s begin with the most iconic and famous landmarks in Turkey. These postcard monuments are not postcard monuments for no reason! From the architecturally striking to the rich history, these are the most famous Turkey landmarks that are worth a visit.

1. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

The Hagia Sophia is one of the world’s most stunning and important mosques. It was built during the Roman period in 537 by Emperor Justinian. It was built to serve as the cathedral of Constantinople. When it was first built, it was the largest Christian church in the Eastern Roman Empire and remained one of the largest for over 1000 years.

After Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Empire, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque. Today, you can still see where the faces of Jesus Christ have been covered over as faces are not allowed to be displayed in mosques.

The Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum in 1935 by the Republic of Turkey but was transformed back into a mosque in the year 2000 and it remains one of the most historic landmarks in Istanbul .

Inside, you can still see examples of architecture from the Byzantine era, showcasing intricately decorated mosaics, marble pillars, and artistic coverings.

2. Blue Mosque (The Sultan Ahmed Mosque)

The Blue Mosque, also known as the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, is the most beautiful and striking piece of architecture in Istanbul. It was built between 1609 and 1616 under the rule of Sultan Ahmed I. It is famous for its hand-painted blue tiles that line the walls of its interior.

There are also more than 200 stained glass windows inside the Blue Mosque, as well as a stunning and beautifully carved marble mihrab which are worth a visit. It is also the resting place of Sultan Ahmed I and where you will find his tomb.

Although many people believe The Blue Mosque was named because of the blue tiles, it’s named after the color of the building which is bathed in blue light at night. Since it lies across from the iconic Hagia Sophia, this is a landmark in Turkey not to be missed.

The Blue Mosque has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985 and is one of Turkey’s most famous sites. The mosque is currently under renovation.

3. The Grand Bazaar, Istanbul

As one of the largest and oldest markets in the world, with 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shops, the Grand Bazaar is one of the oldest shopping malls in the world. It was even considered one of Istanbul’s most visited tourist attractions in 2014, and it’s easy to see why.

The vibrant shopping streets in the Grand Bazaar are a bustling maze of souk markets and stalls, where you can buy anything from Turkish delights, Turkish lamps, rugs and mats, towels, clothes, and other souvenirs to take home after your trip. It began operating in 1455, shortly after the Ottomans seized Constantinople.

Around the corner from Grand Bazaar, you will also find the Spice Market in Istanbul, which is a great place to stock up on various teas and spices that are designed to cure certain medical conditions – from mood-enhancing teas to diabetes control, and even sexual-performance enhancers!

4. Sumela Monastery

The Sumela Monastery is a Greek Orthodox monastery located in Karadağ in the Pontic Mountains. The church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and dates back to 386 AD during the reign of Emperor Theodosius I.

It is said there is a painting inside the monastery of the Virgin Mary that was painted by the Apostle Luke.

What makes the Sumela Monastery so special and unique, is its location. Nestled on the mountainside at an altitude of about 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) above sea level, it’s one of the most striking pieces of Architecture in Turkey.

The monastery faces the Altındere valley, a significant site in the Altındere National Park, known as being the center of Christianity many years ago.

Its location, however, has subjected it to several states of damage over the years due to falling rocks and weathering. The monastery has undergone several stages of reconstruction and renovation over the years, and the last batch of renovations was completed in 2017.

The monastery is still frequently visited by monks, Christians, and Muslims on pilgrimages.

No trip to Turkey would be complete without stopping by one of the most famous landmarks in Turkey and the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ephesus .

The ancient ruins date back to the 10th century BC by the Ancient Greeks. The city lies on the coast of Ionia and covers an area of 6.6 square kilometers.

Today, the Greek city lies in ruins but is still frequently visited for its well-preserved Greco-Roman architecture. The most notable site at this historic landmark is the Temple of Artemis, which has been dubbed one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World .

It’s also famous for its Library of Celsus, Temple of Hadrian, and of course, the Roman Amphitheater which is large enough for 24,000 spectators.

It’s also a religiously significant landmark in Turkey, as it’s said the Gospel of John may have been written there.

6. Galata Tower

The Galata Tower is one of the most famous landmarks in Istanbul, given that it can be seen from most areas in the city. The watchtower was built as a part of the Walls of Galata in 1348 under the reign of the Roman Empire.

The upper section of the tower was modified after Constantinople was taken over by the Ottoman Empire, but most of the tower is true to its original form and architecture. That is all except the roof.

During the Ottoman era, the tower was used to spot fires in the city, but in 1794, the tower caught fire, and the roof that was originally made of lead and wood, was largely destroyed.

In 1831, it caught fire again, leading to more restoration work. In 1875, the roof was destroyed during a storm and was once again rebuilt.

In the 1960s, the roof was renovated using concrete instead of wood and was also commercialized so tourists could climb to the top to see panoramic views of Istanbul.

In 2013, the tower was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Istanbul. The tower is now a museum and exhibition hall and is regarded as one of the most famous sites in Istanbul Turkey.

Natural Landmarks in Turkey

Turkey has some of the richest biodiversity on the planet, and as such, there are tons of places to visit for nature lovers. From its sprawling Mediterranean coastline to its vast deserts, these are the best natural landmarks in Turkey.

7. The Fairy Chimneys of Cappadocia

The fairy chimneys are rock formations that are most commonly seen in the Central Anatolia region of Cappadocia and are said to date back to the Bronze Age.

Legend has it, that persecuted Christians some 1500 years ago fled the capital of Constantinople to the Cappadocia region, where they learned the soft volcanic rock of the fairy chimneys was porous and easy to shape. They turned the fairy chimneys into houses. They also formed many cave dwellings, churches, monasteries, and other settlements around this area.

But the fairy chimneys were not created by the Christians of the Roman Empire. They were formed by hardened ash from volcanic eruptions, which was covered by a layer of basalt.

Over the millennia, the chimneys eroded and formed these pillars that stand 310 feet high. As the hard basalt erodes at a slower pace, a mushroom-shaped cap forms at the top, giving them their distinct, and slightly phallic, shape. Visitors can easily see this phenomenon in the Love Valley of Cappadocia .

8. Travertine Terraces of Pamukkale

The travertines in Pamukkale are Turkey’s most famous natural wonder. Pamukkale, which means cotton castle in Turkish, refers to the shimmering, snow-white limestone pools that have been shaped by calcite-rich mineral waters that drip over the mountainside for centuries.

It is said that the terraces, or travertines, contain solidified cotton, which is the area’s principal crop.

These natural hot spring pools are what bring many tourists to the area, as they are perfect for swimming in as the weather is temperate all year round.

There is also a thermal Roman bath in the Medieval Hierapolis, which was built during the early 7th century. This bath is still frequently visited by tourists each day.

At the top of the mountain, you will find the ancient ruins of the ancient Greek city of Hierapolis , which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988.

The ruins cover a space of about 2,700 meters and the most iconic remains are the amphitheater, the Hadrians Gate, Tomb of Philip the Apostle, and the Temple of Apollo.

9. Kaputas Beach

Turkey is not short of amazing beaches to visit. One of the most popular and famous beaches is in the Antalya region known as Kaputas Beach.

The beach is known for its turquoise blue waters, soft sandy beach, and surrounding rocky cliffs, creating a sheltered bay that protects the beach.

Located on the Lycian Coast, Kaputas Beach is a popular spot for cliff jumping and swimming. Visitors can rent a sunbed, or enjoy refreshments from the nearby beach bars. Because of its unique landscape, it is often regarded as the most beautiful beach in Turkey.

10. Mount Nemrut

Mount Nemrut, or Mount Nemrud, is a mountain in South Eastern Turkey and belongs to the Taurus Mountain Range. It is the largest peak in the region.

Mount Nemrut is one of the most unusual Turkey landmarks and is best known for its collection of large statues that scale the perimeter of its 2134-meter-high summit.

It is said that in 62 BC, the site was built by King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene as a tomb and sanctuary. He built several of these large statues, some as tall as 8-9 meters high. The statues are of himself, two lions, two eagles, and various Ancient Greek and Iranian gods.

The statues were once seated and inscribed with the names of the gods they resembled. It is not known when, but at some point in time, the heads were removed from their bodies and scattered across the site.

Despite several excavations over the years, no tomb has ever been found, though Archeologists believe Antiochus I is buried there. The statues have never been touched nor restored, and as such, the site was made a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.

Nowadays, it has become one of the most popular hikes in Turkey as it offers travelers both stunning views and a little bit of history.

11. Carian Rock Tombs of The Dalyan Delta

The Dalyan Delta is an area of outstanding natural beauty and a nesting site for the endangered loggerhead turtles. Because of this, environmentalists have successfully campaigned against the redevelopment of the area and many large-scale hotels have been refused permission to build here.

For that reason, it is one of the most unspoiled natural landmarks in Turkey.

What brings tourists to this stunning location is not just nature, but the Ancient City of Kaunos, where visitors can see the well-preserved port city that is said to date back to the 9th century, possibly even earlier.

The main attraction of the city and its surrounding areas are the Carian rock tombs, which have ornately decorated façades that resemble the front of Hellenistic temples.

There are approximately 167 tombs in the area, and their style is very individual and unique to this region, which is why they are regarded as a special landmark in Turkey. In 2014, the ancient city was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

12. Mount Tahtali

Mount Tahtali has many names. Tahtalı Dağı, Lycian Olympus or Mount Olympus, is a mountain in the Beydağları Coastal National Park, a quick day trip from Antalya , and near Kemer.

In ancient times, the mountain was called Mount Olympus, the famous home of the Greek gods. At the top of Mount Olympus was a temple of Hephaestus, and at the base of the mountain, lie the ruins of the ancient city of Phaselis.

Today it is referred to by its Turkish name, Tahtali. The word taht means “throne” in Turkish, which refers to the fact that Mount Olympus was the throne of the Gods.

In 2007, a funicular cable car was built to take visitors up the mountain. It is also a popular hiking spot, as the Lycian Way long-distance trail winds up the mountain. In the winter months, it is possible to see snow at the peak of the mountain.

13. Manavgat Waterfalls

One of the most underrated and least talked about natural wonders in Turkey is the Manavgat Waterfalls.

Located on the Manavgat River, near the stunning Turkish cities of Side and Manavgat, this high-flow waterfall cascades over shallow rocks. Since the river here is wide, and the waterfall isn’t too steep, it created a white, foamy water flow that is best seen from above.

Next to the waterfall is a tea garden, which provides the perfect place to sit and admire this beautiful natural Turkish landmark in all its glory. It was also depicted on the back of the 5 lira banknote between 1968-1983.

14. Blue Lagoon, Ölüdeniz

Another natural landmark in Turkey not to be missed is the jaw-dropping Ölüdeniz Blue Lagoon . The lagoon is located outside the town of Fethiye in the Ölüdeniz National Park.

The lagoon is separated from the sea by a sandbar that separates the ocean from this azure turquoise water. There is a beach on either side of the sandbar, with soft sand and shallow waters for swimming in.

Since there are no boats allowed, there is nothing to disturb the peace and tranquility of this place. However, canoes and paddleboats can be hired from the inner shores of the lagoon. In this scenic area, it is possible to see turtles, mussels, and tons of tiny fish.

The Blue Lagoon is one of the most photographed and famous landmarks in Turkey and is often referred to as the most beautiful place in the country.

If you want to get a good bird’s eye view of the Blue Lagoon, then make sure you go paragliding. The paragliding in Oludeniz is considered one of the best places to do so in the world!

15. The Burning Flames of Chimaera

Another one of the must-visit Turkey landmarks is the Burning Flames of Chimaera, a natural burning gas that has been burning for almost a millennia.

According to local myths and legends, the fires belonged to the breath of a monster that was part goat, part snake, and part lion.

However, scientists discovered in 2014 that the source of the flame is gas escaping from deep within the Earth. The gas is formed by a chemical reaction inside the rocks, which is apparently not uncommon.

The Burning Flames are found in Turkey’s Olympos Beydağları National Park in Southwest Turkey. They are found on a mountain of the same name, Mount Chimaera.

Historic Landmarks in Turkey

With a history that dates back almost 4,000 years ago, there are many tourist attractions and famous landmarks in Turkey that offer insight into its fascinating and sometimes gruesome past.

If you’re a history lover and want to learn more about the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, or even as far back as the monolithic age, then you’ll want to make a trip to these famous Turkish landmarks.

16. Derinkuyu Underground City

There are two main excavated underground cities in Cappadocia; the Derinkuyu Underground City and the Kaymakli Underground City . The largest and most famous underground city is the ancient Derinkuyu Underground City.

The multi-level underground city is located in the Nevşehir Province of Cappadocia, just 35km South of Goreme. It reaches a depth of approximately 85 meters (279 ft) and was capable of housing 20,000 people and their livestock and food stores in its time.

The city at Derinkuyu was formed in the Byzantine era and was used by Christians as protection from Muslim Arabs during the Byzantine Wars. The city is connected to other underground cities by a series of underground tunnels and caverns, but some tunnels are still yet to be excavated.

Artifacts discovered in the city are said to date back to the 7th and 8th centuries BC.

The ancient underground cities were used up to the 20th century by the Greeks living in Cappadocia who needed them to escape persecution.

17. Dolmabahce Palace

Another famous landmark in Istanbul is the Dolmabahce Palace, located on the European side of Istanbul in the Beşiktaş district. It is the largest palace in Turkey and is famous for being the main administrative center for the Ottoman Empire between 1856-1887 and 1909-1922.

It has 285 rooms and 46 halls, as well as 6 bathrooms and 68 toilets. It is said that one of the largest diamonds in the world is displayed in a special showcase in the hall. It features architecture from Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassical styles, as well as traditional Ottoman styles.

This Turkish landmark was built by Abdülmecid I, the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. It was built between 1843 and 1856 and was built as his family home.

Since its inception, it was the family home of 6 sultans until the Empire was abolished in 1924. The last royal to live in the palace was Caliph Abdülmecid Efendi, and after the end of the Empire, ownership was given to the national heritage of the new Turkish Republic.

It was said to have cost five million Ottoman gold lira, which equates to around $1.9 billion in 2021 value. This cost a quarter of the yearly tax revenue and placed an enormous financial burden on the state.

18. Zelve Open Air Museum

If you are traveling to Cappadocia and want to learn more about the ancient civilizations that lived here, then the Zelve Open Air Museum is one landmark in Turkey that should not be underestimated.

The museum showcases how ancient civilizations used the rock formations known as fairy chimneys as settlements. The three Zelve Valleys are a great short hike in Cappadocia , and hikers can see caves that were used as houses, churches, bakeries, stables, and more. The museum is located just 5 kilometers south of Avanos.

It is said they were built during the Byzantine era, and the oldest churches date back to the year 500. In Cappadocia, there are only a few sixth-century churches, and more than half of them are at Zelve.

Humans lived in Zelve right up to the 1950s, when the last family moved to nearby Aktepe because the falling rock and collapsing ceilings became too dangerous for them to live in.

Another must-visit attraction in Nevsehir is the Uchisar Castle . Similar to the Zelve Museum, it was constructed out of porous volcanic rock and was used as the main point of defense in the region.

19. Temple of Aphrodite

The Temple of Aphrodite is one of the most historical landmarks of Turkey to be discovered. Its ruins are found in southwestern Turkey, in the valley of the Morsynus River. It is said the temple dates back to the 3rd century BC and the city was built in the 4th century.

The nearby marble quarries provided a lot of wealth to Aphrodisias, who used the stone to create statues for its sculptors. The city’s streets were arranged around several of these large structures, including temples, a theatre, an agora, and two bathhouses.

The well-preserved ruins were added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2021 and are one of the newest landmarks of cultural and historical importance in Turkey.

20. Topkapi Palace, Istanbul

Another one of the most famous Turkish landmarks is the Topkapi Palace. This palace in Istanbul was once the home of the Ottoman sultans during the 15th and 16th centuries.

Today, it is a large museum, displaying collections of clothing, weapons, miniatures, religious artifacts, and manuscripts. Not all rooms are open to the public, only the most important ones, such as the Ottoman Imperial Harem and the treasury . The treasury is where the Spoonmaker’s Diamond and the Topkapi Dagger are kept.

The palace was built in 1459 by order of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, six years after he seized Constantinople. The palace has been expanded over the centuries, with major renovations carried out after an earthquake in 1509 and a fire in 1665.

The palace complex also has four main courtyards and many smaller buildings, where female members of the family live in the harem. There were also homes for state officials, including the Grand Vizier, and an Imperial Council building.

After the 17th century, the sultans preferred to stay in the larger and more expensive Dolmabahçe Palace, but Topkapı still remained the city’s treasury. In 1985, UNESCO recognized this landmark in Istanbul as one of great importance and is still one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city to visit.

21. Anıtkabir

Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It is located in the city of Ankara and was designed by Professor Emin Onat and Assistant Professor Ahmet Orhan Arda.

The final resting site was completed in September 1953, and the tomb of Atatürk lies in the Hall of Honor, under a 40-ton sarcophagus on the ground floor.

The Hall of Honor is one of the most politically and culturally important Turkish landmarks and is a site of beauty and elegance. The octagonal room features Seljuk and Ottoman architectural styles, and the pyramid-shaped ceiling is clad with stunning gold mosaics.

22. Basilica Cistern, Istanbul

The Basilica Cistern is one of the ancient cisterns that run underneath the city of Istanbul Turkey. At this site, a huge Basilica stood above the cistern, which was built in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Istanbul was known as Constantinople and run by the Early Roman Empire.

The basilica caught fire in 476 and was reconstructed by Illus. The cisterns were used to store water for the city’s public use.

The basilica cistern is the largest of the cisterns in Istanbul and is located 150 meters Southwest of the Hagia Sophia. It is one of the most famous landmarks in Istanbul because of its appearance in popular Hollywood movies such as the James Bond movie, From Russia with Love, and the Dan Brown movie adaptation, Inferno.

23. Myra Ruins

Myra is a small town that has had many names over the years. Today, it is known as Demre and lies in the Antalya Province of Turkey. The city was once a thriving settlement, until 1923 when its Greek inhabitants were asked to leave after a population exchange agreement was passed between Greece and Turkey.

Since then, the ancient city has been abandoned and left in ruins. Some of the most notable Turkish landmarks in the city are the Ancient theatre of Myra, the Church of St. Nicholas, and the rock-cut tombs.

24. Ruins of Ani

Located close to the Armenian border are the ancient ruins of Ani. The city was the capital of Bagratid in Armenia from 961 to 1045 and was often called the city of 1,001 churches, though today only around 50 churches, 20 chapels, and 33 cave chapels have been excavated.

Ani was an important trade city and in its prime, was one of the world’s largest cities with a population of over 100,000.

When Ani lost its trade links with the Mongols in 1236, it started to decline. In 1319, it was hit by an earthquake, and much of Ani was badly damaged. From the 14th century, trade routes shifted, and by the 17th century, it was abandoned.

It is one of the most culturally significant landmarks in Armenia as well as Turkey and was added to the list of UNESCO landmarks in 2016.

25. The City of Troy

Troy is one of Turkey’s most underrated landmarks. We have all heard the story of the Trojan War, where according to Homer’s Odyssey, Greek soldiers were able to take the city after hiding in a giant horse, which was said to be left as an offering by the goddess Athena.

Whether you believe in the story or not, the city of Troy is still worth a visit. It is located 30 kilometers southwest of Çanakkale and has been a tourist destination since the 4th and 5th centuries by visitors wanting to leave offerings for their heroes. As such, the ruins of this city are well-preserved.

According to archaeological research, researchers believe the city of Troy was built in the Early Bronze Age and was resided in right up until the Byzantine period. It became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1998.

Final Word on Landmarks in Turkey

As you can see, Turkey’s landmarks are as fascinating as they are stunning. Whether you’re spending a few days in Istanbul, or you’re planning an epic Turkey adventure, you can be sure these landmarks of Turkey are worth a visit.

Do you think we have missed any famous landmarks off our list? Don’t be a stranger. Let us know in the comments!

Co-Founder of The Turkey Traveler

Louisa Smith

Louisa is a professional travel blogger with an insatiable wanderlust for exploring the captivating country of Turkey. With a deep appreciation for the country’s diverse history and natural beauty, Louisa has made it her mission to share the wonders of Turkey with the world. Born in the UK and raised by two Travel Agent parents, she was born with a perpetual case of the travel bug and now travels full time as a travel writer. Louisa has embarked on numerous adventures across Turkey, and shares her first-hand expertise and experience about her favorite destinations in Turkey, such as Antalya, Alanya, Fethiye and Bodrum.

7 thoughts on “25 Famous Turkey Landmarks: Historical + Natural”

That was very interesting 🤔 Visiting Antalya in December, we will definitely be visiting some of the interesting places 😀 Thank you

Sagalassos just off the main route from Abtalya to Burdur is a must see.

Hi Jon, thank you for the suggestion! Sagalassos is definitely an archeological site worth visiting in Turkey. There are so many incredible sites in Turkey, it would be impossible to list them all!

Turkey is so beautiful that it must be on the top of anyone’s bucketlist. With so many historical landmarks and natural wonders, Turkey can surely inspire any type of wanderlust.

Turkiye is such a beautiful place I would be insane not to visit, I’m going next weekend and I’ll definitely check out some of the places. One of my close friends is from Turkiye and she said Cappadocia is a must, also Lake Van and the Pink salt sea is also great to add to these lists!

Hi Heather, you may be saddened to hear that Lake Van, the pink salt lake, has pretty much completely dried up due to climate change and is no longer the beautiful spectacle you see in photos. Cappadocia is a definite must-see though. We hope you have a great trip!

Wow! I am impressed to see so many historical and natural landmarks in Turkey. For history and nature enthusiasts, this country is no less than a paradise.

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Wander-Lush

25 Beautiful Places in Turkey for Your Travel Itinerary (Must-sees & Hidden Gems)

A land of immense natural beauty and diverse cultures underpinned by eons of history, Turkey (Türkiye) is a country like no other.

Here are 25 jaw-droppingly beautiful destinations (including 10 hidden gems!) you can’t overlook when planning your trip, from hot springs to beach resorts, coastal towns to ancient cities hewn from rock, palaces, monasteries, sparkling lakes, sacred mountains, and much, much more!

In travellers’ terms, Turkey is in a league of its own. This is the place where East meets West; where Europe and Asia collide and produce a transcontinental culture clash. Amazing food, diverse traditions, religions and histories – these are the things that make Turkey such an unforgettable travel destination.

Although Turkey is known for its beautiful beaches and hot air balloon-filled skies, it’s so much more than that. Once the playground of great figures such as Cleopatra, Caesar and Alexander the Great, Turkey’s historical significance is proudly displayed in the palaces, mosques, monasteries and countless archaeological sites that dot the vast landscape. There are no fewer than 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey plus 41 national parks where unforgettable valleys, lakes and mountains lay in wait.

Fragrant bazaars and stunning views at every corner, from the narrow streets of Istanbul – one of the world’s great cities – to Turkey’s small towns and villages, the urban landscape is every bit as enigmatic.

To help you narrow down your wish list, I’ve rounded up the most beautiful places in Turkey to visit.

Please note: This post contains affiliate links, meaning I may earn a commission if you make a purchase by clicking a link (at no extra cost to you). Learn more.

When is the best time to visit Turkey?

Summer is peak tourist season in Turkey, when prices go up – along with the temperatures – and popular destinations become overcrowded, especially the bigger cities such as Istanbul and towns along the Turquoise Coast.

A better time to visit Turkey is during spring or fall shoulder season . Winter is a great time to plan an Istanbul city break , just note that the east of Turkey and the mountainous regions experience very cold winters. See a list of the best places to visit in Turkey in winter .

How to get around Turkey

One thing to know before you visit Turkey is that this country is big! Most travellers fly into Istanbul, which is indeed a good place to start your itinerary. It may be necessary to take a domestic flight or two to travel onwards to central or eastern Turkey. The country’s railway network can also come in handy: There are regular trains from Istanbul to Ankara and Kars.

Once the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway launches, this will make it possible to travel into Eastern Turkey overland from the South Caucasus.

If you want to visit all of these diverse and beautiful destinations, renting a car for a Turkey road trip is the best option. I recommend using Local Rent .

25 of the most beautiful places in Turkey to add to your itinerary

From the domes of the Blue Mosque to the cobalt waters of the Black Sea, the bustling city of Istanbul and the enigmatic Hagia Sophia to the hidden secrets of Turkey’s underground cities and historic sites, from popular tourist attractions to hidden gems , here are the most gorgeous places to visit in Turkey!

1. Istanbul: The most beautiful city in Turkey

A melting pot of cultures in the truest sense of the term, Istanbul has to be one of the most beautiful cities in Turkey. It’s a transcontinental city, meaning you can literally travel between Europe and Asia in a matter of minutes – in fact, it’s as easy as crossing a bridge.

Istanbul’s skyline is dotted not only with the spires and domes of mosques, but also with medieval European architecture. This is because the city was the capital of four major empires throughout the ages, including the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

But that’s not all. Istanbul is known for its delicious food, cafes that serve up Turkish coffee, traditional baths (hammams), Whirling Dervish ceremonies , vibrant nightlife and unique shopping experiences, which include the biggest covered Bazaar in the country: The one and only Grand Bazaar.

There are countless famous landmarks to see in Istanbul, including the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, Galata Tower , Topkapi Palace, Dolmabahce Palace, Ortakoy Mosque, and many more. And then there are Istanbul’s hidden corners, including the gorgeous Arnavutkoy neighbourhood , with its Ottoman-era mansion houses.

Get there: Fly into Istanbul Airport. Where to stay: Ayramin Hotel Taksim, boutique hotel 200m from Istiklal Street. Search rooms here .

2. Pamukkale & Hierapolis

The mineral spring waters that have cascaded down this hillside for thousands of years have created an extraordinary sight. Located in Turkey’s Büyük Menderes Valley, the 17 tiered pools of Pamukkale – which means ‘cotton castle’ – make up the most beautiful thermal spring you’ll ever see. You can find the stacked white Travertine terraces overlooking the city of Denizli. 

Back in the day, Pamukkale was one of the most popular thermal pools in Turkey. It was a spa, first used in the 2nd century BC and famous for its healing properties. Today, the perfectly blue water that fills these white limestone bowls still stays at a comfortable 34 degrees Celsius.

No day trip to Pamukkale is complete without a stop in Hierapolis, one of the first thermal spa resorts in the world. This spa city was also founded at the end of the 2nd century and is home to the famous Antique Pool, also known as the ‘Cleopatra Pool’.

Legend has it that the famous Cleopatra herself often bathed in these warm waters, gifted to her by Mark Antony on the occasion of their wedding. The pool itself was once covered by the Roman temple of Apollo, but now the columns lie dormant in the water, adding even more charm to this unique bathing experience.

Get there: 1-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Hotel Sahin, simple rooms 20m from the Pamukkale travertines. Search rooms here .

3. Ancient Ephesus

Did you know Ephesus is considered one of the great outdoor museums of Turkey? In ancient times, Ephesus was a port city and was considered to be one of the most important Greek outposts and trading centres in the entire Mediterranean region. Throughout history, many different forces conquered the city. It even played a role in spreading Christianity.

Today Ephesus is one of the largest and most celebrated Roman archaeological sites in the eastern Mediterranean and remains a popular Christian pilgrimage destination. In 2015, the ancient town was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other nearby famous landmarks include the House of the Virgin Mary on Mount Nightingale and the Ruins of the Temple of Artemis, which is one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.

Get there: 1 hour by road from Izmir or 7 hours by coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Eliada Hotel (Kusadasi). Search rooms here .

4. Cappadocia

If you have an Instagram account, then you’ve probably already seen the iconic photos of hot air balloons soaring over unique landforms in Cappadocia.

Located just outside the town of Goreme in the south-centre of Turkey, Cappadocia is known for its otherworldly, cone-like rock formations. As well as the ‘fairy chimneys’, the landscape is dotted with magnificent rock-cut monasteries including Selime Monastery, a popular sunset spot.

Every morning, 100-150 hot air balloons float over Goreme to create one of the most beautiful scenes in Turkey. But don’t be fooled, hot air ballooning is not the only thing you can do in Cappadocia . This area is known for its outdoor activities, including hiking. Popular sunrise trails can be found in Love Valley, Pigeon Valley and Rose Valley.

Get there: 1.25-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Sofa Hotel (Avanos), one of the area’s best cave hotels. Search rooms here . Recommended reading: Learn more about the famous hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia and other things to do in Goreme here .

5. Butterfly Valley

Only accessible by boat, or via a very difficult trek down from Faralya village, Butterfly Valley is a real hidden gem. If you manage to get here, you’ll find its one of the best off-the-beaten-path experiences in Turkey.

The valley takes its name from the roughly 100 species of butterflies found in the area, including the endemic orange, black and white Jersey Tiger. The Turkish Government declared the 86,000sqm valley a preservation area in 1987 to protect the butterflies and the local flora.

With lush greenery, waterfalls and a sandy cove, this whole area is perfect for hiking. Those that make their way to the water’s edge are often looking to slow down and connect with nature. On the shoreline you’ll find a campsite with a beach bar that serves beers and grilled fish.

Get there: 1 hour by road from Fethiye.

6. Bodrum: One of the most beautiful places in Turkey

Often called the ‘St. Tropez of Turkey’, this beautiful resort town is located on a peninsula enveloped by shimmering sapphire and turquoise waters. Bodrum is most famous for its array of sandy beaches – more than 60 in total.

With a unique mix of archaeological sites, attractions, nightlife and culture, Bodrum is an alluring destination for travellers of all types, not just sun-seekers. It also happens to be surprisingly affordable if you’re savvy about where to stay.

If you’re a history buff, then one of the highlights of the city is the waterfront-located Bodrum Castle. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is not only visually beautiful but also packs a historical punch. Inside the castle you will find the Underwater Archeology Museum, which features a variety of artefacts unearthed from the seabed. Another highlight is the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Get there: 1-hour flight or overnight coast from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Ena Boutique Hotel, overlooking Bodrum Castle. Search rooms here .

7. Mount Ararat

Mythical Mount Ararat is actually two separate peaks, both of which are dormant volcanoes. Their summits are snow-capped throughout the year. The thing that makes Ararat so famous is that it’s believed to be the mountain on which Noah and his ark landed during the great flood.

If you ‘re looking to do some trekking , climbing Mount Ararat doesn’t require much technical skill as most of the path is quite easy. The biggest challenge, however, is the altitude, as it is over 5,000m high. The trek takes around 8-9 hours.

Get there: 3 hours by road from Kars. Where to stay: Tehran Boutique Hotel (Dogubayazit). Search rooms here .

8. Kas: The prettiest village in Turkey

Another place where you can escape the hustle and bustle, the old fishing village of Kas is one of the most beautiful places in Turkey. This seaside town offers a cool combination of ancient history that traces back to the Lycian kingdom plus modern leisure activities that you can enjoy around its twin harbours.

One of the more interesting sites in Kas is the Lycian Rock Tombs (Likya Kaya Mezarlari), which mirror similar tombs found in other parts of Turkey. According to Atlas Obscura , the Lycians believed their dead were carried to the afterlife by magic winged creatures, thus they placed them in geographically high places such as the cliffside. Some of these tombs can be seen just above the Old Town in Kas, including the King’s Tomb, which is located at the top of the bazaar street in the heart of the old town.

Kas is also known for its gorgeous whitewashed houses and cobblestone streets that lead down to white-sand beaches.

Quick tip: Be sure to visit Kaputaş Beach. If you’re into exploring the underwater world, then head to the island of Kekova.

Get there: 1.25-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Luna Kas, beachfront hotel with a pool. Search rooms here .

9. The Blue Lagoon (Oludeniz)

Oludeniz is known all around the world as Turkey’s Blue Lagoon because of its perfectly aquamarine waters. The natural cove is formed by a long peninsula that curves around the Mediterranean coastline, creating a giant swimming hole reminiscent of Croatia’s Adriatic coast .

One of the most popular activities at the Blue Lagoon is obviously to pull up a beach chair and enjoy the sun in between fresh dips in the ocean’s calm waters. If you’re an active traveller, then this beach is one of Turkey’s best spots for paragliding due to the amazing views of the lagoon and surrounding cove.

The Lycian Way, Turkey’s famous long-distance hike, passes through this area.

Get there: 20 minutes by road from Fethiye. Where to stay: Harbour Suites (Fethiye). Search rooms here .

10. Koprulu Canyon

Koprulu Canyon is both a canyon and a national park in the province of Antalya. It’s also Turkey’s most popular water sports area.

The canyon trails for 14km along the Koprulu river , its rock walls towering to a maximum height of 400m. The surrounding park is home to a rich diversity of flora including pine, fir, and oak trees, and even wild olives. It also hosts the largest cypress forest in Asia Minor.

Highlights include whitewater rafting on the river Oprucay, visiting archaeological sites and historic Roman bridges nestled in the park, hiking and even camping.

Get there: 1.5 hours by road from Antalya.

Ankara might not be Turkey’s most famous city, but it is the nation’s capital. A mecca for Turkish food and a centre for the performing arts, music and dance, Ankara is a dream destination for culture-focused travellers who want to sink their teeth into Turkish traditions.

Kemal Ataturk, the first president of Turkey who was born in Thessaloniki , declared Ankara the capital in 1923. His mausoleum, Anitkabir, sits prominently above the city centre as a hilltop tribute to his role in shaping modern Turkey.

Don’t miss the world-class Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which documents the region’s preclassical history in stunning detail. The Citadel (Kale) neighbourhood is the most charming part of town for a wander, with dozens of cafes, craft workshops and boutiques nestled inside quaint red-roofed houses.

Get there: 1.25-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Divan Cukurhan, one of Turkey’s finest boutique hotels. Search rooms here .

12. Lake Van

One of Turkey’s largest lakes, Lake Van, is located in the eastern part of the country close to the cities of Erzurum and Kars. Formed by tectonic movements, the water is naturally high in saline. In the 11th century, it formed a land border between the East Roman Empire and the Turko-Persian Seljuk Empire.

The city of Van on the lake’s eastern edge is a natural jumping-off point for enjoying this sublime landscape. Nearby, the abandoned 15th century Ktuts monastery sits on a tiny island, creating one of the area’s most striking scenes. The Armenian Apostolic edifice sits on Akdamar Island just off the coast and can be accessed by ferry for an up-close look.

For the perfect sunset spot, head to Van Fortress. Find more exciting things to do in Van here .

Get there: 4 hours by road from Kars. Where to stay: RÖNESANS LİFE HOTEL (Van). Search rooms here .

13. Trabzon & the Black Sea Coast

Though not as famous as the Turquoise Coast, Turkey’s Black Sea Coast is another popular tourist destination that comes alive in the warmer months. As well as white sand beaches, you’ll find dramatic cliffs and panoramic views.

The city of Trabzon is a good base for exploring the countless small seaside resort towns that run up and down the seashore. Breathtaking mountain peaks rise us behind the water, framing the beaches beautifully. This is Turkey’s tea tourism capital, so you simply must sample the local leaves while you’re in town!

There are plenty of treasures to be found in the hills as well, including Soumela Monastery (AKA Sumela Monastery) and Uzungol, a picturesque lakeside village at the edge of the Kackar Mountains.

Get there: 1.5-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Radisson Blu Hotel Trabzon. Search rooms here .

14. Gaziantep

If you are a foodie, then this one’s for you! Gaziantep is one of the oldest settlements in the region, with roots that go back more than 10,000 years. This is a city where ancient history meets culinary culture .

If you need proof: Gaziantep was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a city of gastronomy in 2015. Between the fresh produce, wonderful desserts, delicious sauces and blends of flavours, there are more than 400 local specialties to try in Gaziantep – so what will you try first?

Get there: 1.5-hour flight or overnight coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Anadolu Evleri, historic hotel in the centre. Search rooms here .

15. Antalya

Antalya, one of the most beautiful cities in Turkey, is also the hub of the Turkish Riviera and is the largest settlement on the country’s Mediterranean coast.

This is an urban metropolis much like Istanbul but with the kind of laid-back charm only a city with world-renowned sandy beaches can offer. A beautiful history lies beneath the surface: Antalya is dotted with mosques, churches, and a Turkish bath from ancient times designed in the Greco-Turkish style.

Be sure to set aside plenty of time for visiting Kaleiçi, the city’s historic old town. Before Antalya was one of Turkey’s top resort destinations, it was the ancient city of Attalia. The old town has structures dating back from the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, Ottoman and even modern Turkish republican eras. It is the perfect mix of old and new and should not be missed – it ‘s also incredibly walkable as it falls within an area of one square kilometre.

Get there: Fly into Antalya Airport (1.25-hour flight from Istanbul) or overnight coach. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Sibel Pension, traditional guesthouse with panoramic sea views. Search rooms here .

Top 10 hidden gems in Turkey

16. ishak pasha palace: a hidden gem in turkey.

One of Turkey’s most striking but lesser-visited historical sites, the Ishak Pasha Palace is located in the country’s far east, close to the borders of Iran and Armenia . Commissioned in 1784 by the Kurdish Sanjak Chief Ishak Pasha, it’s a rare example of an Ottoman-period palace that has stood the test of time.

The vast complex combines Ottoman, Seljuk, Persian and Armenian architectural styles to perfectly reflect the layers of culture and history that define this part of Turkey. Inside, visitors can admire the beautiful facades, a mosque, opulent ceremonial halls, arched gates and a mausoleum.

The Ishak Pasha Palace cuts a striking figure against a backdrop of mountain peaks, with the city of Doğgubeyazit stretched out in the valley below.

Quick tip: This part of Eastern Turkey experiences heavy snowfall in winter , so it’s preferable to visit in late spring or summer.

17. Alacati: A charming alternative to Cesme

Located on the Aegean Coast close to Izmir, Alacati is a little slice of blue-and-white paradise. If you want to walk relatively quieter laneways and experience sleeping inside an authentic stone house, Alacati is a good alternative to the more-popular Cesme.

Charming stone houses draped in bougainvillaea flowers and cobbled streets make this one of the most traditional towns in Turkey. There is plenty to do in Alacati to warrant staying for a few nights, from boat trips and windsurfing to summiting the nearby 16th-century Cesme Castle. But your time might be best spent simply weaving your way between cute restaurants and bars that serve local wine.

Subtle differences in the shape and layout of Alacati’s historic houses reveals the story of their owners: Homes that belonged to Ottoman Greek families have an enclosed balcony and cumba alcove window, and are usually painted in violet or Aegean blue. Besides the architecture, windmills and street murals add to Alacati’s appeal.

Get there: 1 hour by road from Izmir. Where to stay: Gaia Alacati, stunning rooms inside an authentic stone house. Search rooms here .

18. Safranbolu: One of the best small towns in Turkey

If you’re on the hunt for Turkey’s cutest small town, look no further than Safranbolu. Located in the Black Sea region on a former tributary of the Old Silk Road , Safranbolu used to be a centre for growing and trading saffron. Hence the name, which combines the name of the precious spice and the Greek word polis , meaning ‘city’.

The town revolves around Çarşı district, where hundreds of perfectly preserved Ottoman houses line charming cobbled streets. This style of architecture can be seen across the old Ottoman world, from Berat in Albania to Plovdiv in Bulgaria . Safranbolu’s houses are among the finest in the region – no wonder the entire town was inscribed as a UNESCO Site in 1994. More than 1000 other registered historical artifacts can be found on Safranbolu’s streets, including an ancient sundial.

The 17th-century Cinci Han – once a caravanserai – now provides visitors with sweeping views from its rooftop, while the restored Tarihi Cinci Hamam offers the chance to experience a traditional 17th-century bathhouse.

Get there: 6-hour coach from Istanbul. Search tickets here . Where to stay: Mehves Hanim Konagi, design hotel in a heritage Ottoman mansion. Search rooms here .

19. Mount Nemrut: A lesser-known archaeological site

Well-known among Turkish people but still relatively obscure on the world stage, Mount Nemrut is a true hidden gem. Located in south-eastern Turkey within Mount Nemrut National Park, this 2,100-metre-tall peak is one of the highest in the country.

Majestic as it may be, it’s not the natural landscape that makes Mount Nemrut memorable – rather, it’s the area’s ancient ruins. Recognised by UNESCO as the royal tomb of Antiochus, the site dates to the 1st century BC. Huge limestone heads now strewn across the volcanic soil once topped seated statues depicting the Greek and Persian gods. At some point in history the pantheon was ransacked and the statues desecrated, creating the otherworldly scene you see today.

Often referred to as the ‘Throne of the Gods’, Nemrut Park has many more archaeological treasures to discover, including burial sites, Roman bridges , and the ruins of ancient cities associated with the ancient Kingdom of Commagene.

Get there: 1.5 hours by road from Adiyaman. Where to stay: Nemrut Kervansaray Hotel, historic property and closest option to the top of Mount Nemrut. Search rooms here .

20. Mardin: An ancient city in Anatolia

Floating on a rocky outcrop above the Mesopotamian plain, the city of Mardin in Anatolia is both a time capsule and a living library of history, archaeology and religious heritage. Better still, it’s almost completely free of mass-tourism.

Fashioned almost entirely from locally mined, buff-coloured limestone, the city emerges from the landscape as if it were a natural rock formation. The narrow streets are bristling with traditional houses – take note of the local building style, which favours sloping facades and big courtyards – interspersed with historic buildings and little workshops belonging to the city’s Syrian Orthodox silversmiths.

Climb up to the top of the ridge for stunning views of the mountain village and surrounding grasslands from the citadel. On a clear day, you might be able to see all the way to the Syrian border.

There is immense beauty in Mardin’s diversity: The proliferation of churches and mosques belonging to different denominations attest to the area’s long and storied history. Be sure to visit the Meryem Ana Syriac Catholic Church (1895), the Surp Kevork Armenian Apostolic Church, the Mor Hirmiz Chaldean Catholic Church, and the Mor Petrus and Pavlus Assyrian Protestant Church.

Get there: 2-hour flight from Istanbul or 4 hours by road from Gaziantep. Where to stay: Maridin Hotel, stunning suites set in a historic stone building with rooftop terraces, Turkish baths and a pool inside a cave! Search rooms here .

21. Konya: Home of the Whirling Dervishes

Konya is known throughout Turkey and the world for one thing: As the home of the Islamic Mevlevi Order, AKA the Whirling Dervishes . As the last residence of Rumi, the Sufi sect was founded here in Turkey’s spiritual heartland back in 1273.

One of the top things to do in Konya is of course to enjoy an authentic Whirling Dervishes experience. Semas take place on weekends at the Mevlana Cultural Centre. The Mevlana Museum is very much worth visiting if you want to learn more about Dervish traditions – or for a fully immersive cultural experience, attend the Mevlana Festival, which is held every December.

Other points of interest include the myriad of beautiful mosques and the Konya Tropical Butterfly Garden.

Get there: 1-hour flight from Istanbul or 3 hours by road from Ankara. Where to stay: Konya Dervish Hotel, cosy rooms inside a 200-year-old Ottoman house. Search rooms here .

22. Amasra: A laid-back fishing village on the Black Sea

The fishing village of Amasra is a somewhat peaceful place to retreat from the crowds that descend on Turkey’s Black Sea Coast every summer. Small sandy beaches, restaurants serving fresh fish, and boat trips to the two nearby islands, Big Island and Rabbit Island, are among the most popular activities on offer.

Curvaceous Amasra takes its form from the natural harbour at its centre. The Roman-era Amasra Castle overlooks the bay, with a tide of little red roofs running down the hill to meet the inky waters of the Black Sea.

Get there: 5.5 hours by road from Istanbul. Where to stay: Amasra Kerem Apart, self-contained beach apartment with panoramic terrace views. Search rooms here .

23. Aladaglar National Park: Crimson Peaks & waterfalls

The perennially snow-capped mountains of Aladaglar National Park are a popular destination for skiing in winter and for trekking in the warmer months. The highest peaks in the park – there are no less than four that tower above 3,700 metres – command views of both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.

The Ala-Daglar range extends over four provinces in central Turkey and offers some of the country’s best alpine hiking and mountaineering. One of the most beautiful spots here is the Kapuzbasi Waterfalls and glacier ponds, which offer cool relief for trekkers during summer.

Sunset in Aladaglar National Park is something else. Known as the ‘Crimson Mountains’ in Turkish, the Ala-Daglar are graced by a brilliant scarlet flush every evening, painting a truly magnificent picture.

Get there: 2 hours by road from Kayseri. Where to stay: Taurus Guest House, simple rooms and Turkish food prepared from organic ingredients at the edge of the park in Cukurbag. Search rooms here .

24. Sirince: Turkey’s breakfast village

One of the best things to do in Turkey is eat a lavish kahvalti spread breakfast – and one of the best places for breakfast in the entire country is in picturesque Sirince.

This small village on a hill is easy to reach from Izmir and less than 30 minutes’ drive from the ancient city of Ephesus. Known for its organic garden produce and the buzzing Sirince Bazaar, chefs here draw on local supplies to furnish some of the most delicious breakfast mezes in the land. There are dozens of cafes and pansiyons on the town’s pedestrian-only streets, each serving up different early morning specialties. Hilltop Sirincem Restaurant & Cafe Pansiyon is one of the most popular.

Come for breakfast, stay for the views! The old-style houses here command gorgeous outlooks from every direction. Spend a couple of slow-paced nights using Sirince as a base for visiting the various sights around the area – and you can enjoy a home-cooked kahvalti every morning!

Get there: 20 minutes by road from Ephesus or 1 hour by road from Izmir. Where to stay: Heaven’s Gate, an idyllic stone-and-wood family home with generous private suites and a pool. Search rooms here .

25. Sanliurfa: The City of Prophets

Sanliurfa (Urfa) is the ideal place to stay when visiting the world’s oldest temple, Gobekli Tepe. The Neolithic archaeological site is a mere 30 minutes by road from the city. But Urfa has its own charms that make it more than worthy of your time.

Sometimes called ‘the City of Prophets’, legend says that Abraham was born in Urfa. Its relevance to Jewish, Christian and Islamic history makes Sanliurfa a popular pilgrimage site for believers of the three faiths. Many of the city’s most prominent landmarks, including the Pool of Sacred Fish (where Nimrod cast Abraham into the fire), are tied to Biblical history. Take a stroll through the leafy Golbasi Park or explore the warren-like souq. Don’t miss the views from the 9th-century Urfa castle or a visit to the stunning 12th-century Great Mosque.

A must-do in Urfa is to stay at the Palmyra Boutique Hotel, which is set inside a restored palace. The opulent rooms and character-filled hallways and terraces are reason enough to visit Urfa!

Get there: 1.5 hours by road from Gaziantep. Where to stay: Palmyra Boutique Hotel, elegant rooms in the city centre. Search rooms here .

Which of these pretty places in Turkey are you most excited about visiting? What did I miss? Leave your recommendations in the comments below!

Turkey essentials

Here are some of the websites and services I recommend for planning a trip to Turkey. Remember to check out my full list of travel resources for more tips.

FLIGHTS: Find affordable flights to Turkey using the Skyscanner website .

VISAS: Use iVisa to check if you need a tourist visa for Turkey and apply for an expedited visa online.

DOCUMENTATION: Use OneWayFly to obtain proof of onward travel/hotel reservation for your visa application.

TRAVEL INSURANCE: Insure your trip to Turkey with HeyMondo , my preferred provider for single-trip and annual travel insurance.

CAR HIRE: Use the Local Rent platform to hire a car from a local agent. Prices start from as little as 18€ per day.

ACCOMMODATION: Find the best Turkey hotel deals on Booking.com .

CITY TOURS & DAY TRIPS: Browse the Viator website to find the best itineraries and prices for Istanbul food tours, Cappadocia balloon rides and more!

More Turkey inspiration

• The perfect first-timer’s itinerary for 4 days in Istanbul
• Essential travel tips for Istanbul
• Istanbul travel budget
• Guide to Arnavutkoy , a hidden gem in Istanbul
• Tips for visiting Istanbul’s Galata Tower
• Where to go in Turkey in winter

Amazing Information.

Thanks for the great list.

Great list. I would also add Sanliurfa, Mardin and Diyarbakir. I believe they are amazing.

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30 Best Places to Visit in Turkey (Plus Things to Do!)

Turkey is a country that has so much to offer its visitors. Spanning across both Asia and Europe, it has a combination of exotic flavor mixed with cosmopolitan flair. Choosing the best places to visit in Turkey is no easy task.

It is the 37th largest country in the world and because of its sheer size, it has such a diverse topography. Apart from its natural beauty, Turkey is bursting with history and culture.

There are endless must-see places in this magnificent country, which makes skimming the bucket list down just that much more difficult. 

Don’t leave home without:  Lonely Planet Turkey (Country Guide)

30 Best Places to Visit in Turkey

Table of Contents

1. Istanbul

In a city like Istanbul, you’ll find that east meets west, creating a beautiful dance of culture, history and modern flair. The city is not only extremely photogenic but chock-full of things to do and places to explore. 

Most travelers will visit Istanbul as it has the largest air hub in the country. My advice is to plan several days to explore the city at the beginning or end of your Turkey itinerary to ensure you get to experience this amazing city. 

Discover Istanbul’s European and Asian sides and taste a range of delectable Turkish delicacies on this full-day, small-group tour . Meet your guide in the morning in Istanbul’s Old City, and be sure to come hungry: you have a day of feasting ahead of you. Explore a spice market, and enjoy a traditional Turkish breakfast, before crossing the Bosphorus to trendy Kadikoy. Sip Turkish coffee, visit multiple restaurants and discover Istanbul’s must-try dishes.

2. Ancient City of Ephesus – Selcuk

One of the most impressive ancient cities in all of Turkey is Ephesus. Built by the Greeks in the 10th century BC, it was once the trade and commercial center of the ancient world.

Its Greco-Roman ruins are among the biggest and most well-preserved in the world. Ephesus is about one and a half miles from the center of Selcuk and because the ruins are so extensive you can easily spend an entire day exploring the spectacular city.

Explore the ancient ruins and religious sites of Ephesus on a full-day, small-group tour with lunch and an experienced guide . Follow the trail of the Virgin Mary to her mountainside house, then trace a route through the ancient city’s ruins, temples, theatre and the great Celsus Library. See an iconic mosque made of brick, marble, and tiles, then see the ruined foundations of the Temple of Artemis, once a Wonder of the Ancient World.

3. Ancient City of Troy – Canakkale

Located on the northwest coast is the legendary Ancient City of Troy. Troy is the name of the Bronze Age city that was attacked in the Trojan War. It is a place of so much mystique and wonder as it was thought of as just a myth for so many years.

In the mid 19th century, its ruins were finally uncovered leaving historians with evidence from their findings.  Don’t miss the opportunity to take a photo with the Trojan horse that was made famous during the 2004 blockbuster hit featuring Orlando Bloom and Brad Pitt. 

Ancient Troy and the World War I battlefields of Gallipoli are must-visits while you’re in Canakkale, and this convenient tour covers both in one day . Experience the ancient ruins of Troy as you hear the myths and facts behind the Trojan War in the morning, and spend the afternoon visiting the key battle sites and cemeteries at Gallipoli. Your tour includes transport, ferry ride, entrance fees, and lunch in Canakkale.

4. Anitkabir – Ankara

Located in Turkey’s capital, Anitkabir is the mausoleum of the great Mustafa Kemal Ataturk – leader of the Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey.

It is also the final resting place of the second president of Turkey, Ismet Inonu who died in 1973. Entering the mausoleum through massive brass doors, you are then ushered into a hall that is lined in red marble and beautiful mosaics representing the many ages and civilizations of the new Republic of Turkey.

Ataturk’s tomb is located on the north side of the mausoleum and on the east side of the courtyard there is a museum that holds his personal items and memorabilia. 

Explore the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and other ancient attractions during this private sightseeing tour in Ankara . Discover remains from the Stone and Neolithic ages. Learn about the Hittites, Phygians, and Uratians as you venture into the past with your expert guide. Plus, this tour uncovers the history of the Citadel of Ankara and Ataturk Mausoleum.

5. Village of Karahayit

Just 5 miles from the center of Pamukkale is the village of Karahayit. Here you can experience one of Turkey’s most well-known religious ceremonies. The Mevlevi Order was founded by Rumi followers after his death in 1273.

They believe in performing their dance and musical ceremony as a spiritual journey. Watch the 1-hour ceremony and gain a better understanding of how their practices sought to find love and truth.

The beaches in Cirali are largely undiscovered by tourism, so it’s the perfect place to relax and get away from it all. The town also offers some great hiking along the coast. 

The one thing you shouldn’t miss in Cirali is the hike up Mount Chimera to discover the Eternal Flames of Chimera that have been burning for thousands of years. This is a rare and natural phenomenon where gas emerges from cracks in the earth.

When the gas comes in contact with the air it catches fire immediately. Experiencing this spectacle in the dark is pretty magical and definitely something that I will remember forever. 

The official gateway to Cappadocia , Goreme was settled around 1800-1200 B.C. where Christians fled to escape Roman persecution. Because it was located between rival empires it became a religious refugee and the perfect place to build an underground city.

Monks excavated dwellings into the rock formations and underground and many of them still stand today. The literal translation of Goreme actually means invisible or not seen, which is perfectly suited to this unique area.

Staying in Goreme is a memorable experience because not all of the historic dwellings are museums. Some still serve as homes, hotels and even restaurants.

Not only do you have access to hot air balloon over the Cappadocia valley, but you can also spend your days exploring the many caves in the area and learning about the unique history of the area. 

See Cappadocia on a full-day tour that visits both historical and natural attractions . Check out the views from Göreme Panorama and Yaprakhisar Panorama, enter the subterranean chambers of Derinkuyu Underground City, and see ancient rock-cut churches at Selime Monastery. Also, take a leisurely 1-hour walk through the scenic Ihlara Valley, and check out Pigeon Valley. 

8. Pamukkale

Located in Western Turkey, Pamukkale is known for its mineral-rich white limestone terraces. It is also home to the ancient Roman spa city of Hierapolis as well as its therapeutic hot springs.

A visit to this special piece of Turkey is almost surreal. It is possible to soak in some of the pools and of course walk around to explore the vast, otherworldly area. This is easily one of the best places to visit in Turkey and shouldn’t be missed. 

Glide over the Pamukkale travertines on a 35 minutes hot air balloon flight , and get privileged views of the unique landscape from the air. Watch the sunrise over the valleys, and enjoy a Champagne toast upon your safe landing.

For a change of pace and opportunity to get in touch with nature, Dalyan is the perfect Turkish escape. This town, set on the coast, offers an incredible stretch of beach, great hiking trails and a beautiful river system. 

The highlight, though, is one of the most beautiful beaches in all of Turkey, Iztuzu Beach. This beach is unique in that it stretches out like a long peninsula, with a freshwater delta from the Dalyan River on one side and salt-water from the Mediterranean on the other.

The two and a half-mile stretch of sandy beach is also the nesting grounds of the endangered Caretta Caretta sea turtles. On the southern end of the beach, you can even visit the Sea Turtle Research Rehabilitation and Information Center. 

Visit some of Turkey’s most stunning outdoor settings without the hassle of navigating the countryside on your own. This tour packs multiple Daylan excursions into a single action-packed outing . You’ll stop at an ancient harbor, 9th-century rock-cut tombs, and two wildlife-filled beaches. Enjoy free time to relax, topped off by a boat cruise. 

A small fishing village in the province of Antalya, Kas is the picture-perfect destination in the Turkish Riviera. Although Kas is known for its stunning beaches, it’s also a crowd-pleaser for those who love to dive.

There are so many incredible dive sites all within a half-hour of Kas. You can explore canyons, caves, shipwrecks and even sunken cities. 

Explore Kas on a full-day snorkeling and boat tour including lunch . Start at Twelve Island where you have the chance to see an underwater canyon and shipwreck up close with your snorkel gear and underwater camera. From there, cruise to two or three other snorkeling spots chosen by your captain depending on the weather conditions. Tuck into a freshly prepared organic lunch grilled to order onboard and enjoy tea, coffee, and snacks during the day. 

Kekova is the name of a region made up of islands, turquoise bays and ancient cities that lay within the Antalya province. The region was declared a Specially Protected Area in 1990 to preserve the natural, cultural and geographic richness of both Kekova Island and it’s beautiful coastal villages.

The uninhabited Kekova Island is a site to be discovered by boat as the Lycian city of Simena was sunk by several violent earthquakes. The ruins are still visible just below the crystal clear blue waters. 

Experience Demre, Myra and Kekova during this guided day trip . Discover ancient Lycian ruins in Myra and cruise the tranquil waters to Kekova Island. Enjoy an expedition to the sunken city of Simena and savor plenty of opportunities to swim and snorkel along the way.

Situated along the hilltops, the city of Mardin is a must-see destination for any traveler. The city itself is a maze of meandering streets that cascade down a hill. It is one of the oldest settlements in the region and is located in southeastern Anatolia.

It is known for its vibrant cultural diversity of Kurdish, Yezidi, Christian and Syrian cultures. Dotted with sandstone buildings, beautiful mosques and one of the oldest monasteries in the world, Mardin is bound to satisfy its visitors with a plethora of monumental historical attractions.

13. Mount Nemrut

Sitting atop one of the highest peaks in the Eastern Taurus Mountain Range in southeast Turkey are the astonishing heads of Mount Nemrut and the tomb of King Antiochus I of Commagene.

Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, this historical site is home to massive statues of the king himself, two lions, two eagles and various Persian, Armenian and Greek Gods.

The massive statues weigh 6 tons and at one time stood approximately 32 feet tall. Today the giant heads lay scattered throughout the site, giving it an ominous but unbelievable backdrop.

This site is easily one of the best places to visit in Turkey and you shouldn’t miss it. 

14. Oylat Cave in Bursa

Located in the northwest part of the country is the well-known Oylat Cave. The 3 million-year-old cave is famous for its colorful stalactites and stalagmites and has two main sections to visit.

The total length of the cave is nearly 2400 feet long and 300 feet high and is said to take approximately an hour and a half to explore. Not only does this cave boast its natural beauty but it also is believed to help with a variety of health problems due to the pure oxygen and high humidity levels.

15. Princes’ Islands

Just 12 miles off the coast of Istanbul in the Sea of Marmara lay nine small islands. Only four are inhabited, but the largest,  Buyukada is definitely worth a visit. During the Byzantine and Ottoman days, these islands were used as a place of exile.

When members of the royal family were caught misbehaving they were sent into exile to one of the islands – this was how the name Princes’ Islands came to be.  

Getting to Buyukada could actually be worth the trip in of itself. You need to travel by ferry across the Bosphorus, so capturing the beautiful Istanbul skyline from the sea is absolutely priceless.

Once on the island, you will be charmed by its simplicity as there are no motorized vehicles allowed and the only mode of transport is either by bicycle or horse-drawn carriages. There are plenty of things to do on the island, making it a perfect day trip away from the hustle and bustle of Istanbul. 

Experience the serenity of the biggest Princes’ Island in Turkey, Büyükada, on this full-day guided tour from Istanbul . After traversing the Sea of Marmara by boat, arrive on the quaint island to spend time exploring by horse-drawn carriage. On Büyükada, learn about the island’s history from your guide, and enjoy ample time to lounge on its beautiful beaches. 

16. Sirince

About 15 minutes from Selcuk is the cutest little Greek-influenced town. Surrounded by orchards and vineyards, Sirince has become a tourist hot spot with colorful shops and cafes dotted around the cobblestone streets. Spending a day wine tasting and wandering the friendly streets is a highlight to anyone’s Turkish itinerary.

Experience the ancient Greco-Roman wonders of Ephesus, including the Temple of Artemis, Celsus Library, and Temple of Hadrian, on this all-inclusive fully-customizable guided tour . Explore narrow streets once walked by Roman emperors and Christian saints, assisted by our friendly guides. Also included in this tour is a visit to the Sirince Village.

17. Sumela Monastery – Trabzon Province

Located on the Mela Mountain in the Pontic Mountain range is the extensive ruins of the Sumela Monastery. There is no question that this Greek Orthodox monastery is truly impressive as it literally clings to the edge of the mountain high above the green carpet of forest.

Built in the 4th century, it is one of the oldest Christian monasteries in the world and is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is currently undergoing restoration and most likely will soon become a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Awesome Things to do in Turkey

18. attend a football match – istanbul.

When you travel around Turkey you quickly come to understand that football is more than just a sport to the nation. It is a way of life and unites the country like nothing else.

Attending a football match is definitely a highlight and experience that any traveler will never forget, no matter if you are a fan of the sport or not. Istanbul is the hub of all the action as there are three main clubs to cheer for – Galatasaray, Besiktas, and Fenerbahce.

Watching Besiktas play at Vodafone Arena is nothing less than spectacular as noise from fans has been recorded at a whopping 132 decibels.

The Turk Telekom Arena is the new arena for Galatasaray and Fenerbahce retains its original stadium that dates back to 1908 called Sukru Saracoglu Stadium.

19. Balloon Ride Over Cappadocia – Goreme

One of my favorite things I did in Turkey was taking a hot air balloon flight over the fairy chimneys and mushroom-shaped pinnacles of Cappadocia . Located in the Central Anatolia region, is the magical but peculiar town of Goreme.

This bizarre but captivating landscape was created millions of years ago when volcanic eruptions covered the region in thick ash. Over time it solidified to rock where nature molded the landscape in the most interesting ways. 

Soar through the skies of Cappadocia on this magical hot-air-balloon tour in Turkey . Choose your flight duration, and ascend into the atmosphere where you can admire the region’s lunar landscape from above. Before your flight, enjoy a buffet breakfast with coffee or tea, and cheers with a glass of Champagne upon landing. 

20. Blue Mosque – Istanbul

Located in the heart of Istanbul is one of the city’s most photographed sites called Sultan Ahmet Mosque, or more famously known as the Blue Mosque. Although it is still an active mosque, visitors are allowed to visit around prayer times.

It truly is a historic marvel with its 13 blue-tiled domes, 6 towering minarets and 200 stained glass windows. The Blue Mosque is absolutely jaw-dropping and will satisfy any photographers palate.

Explore the top attractions in Sultanahmet (the old city) on a full-day tour with a knowledgeable guide . Take in UNESCO World Heritage sites and famous monuments in Istanbul including the stunning Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque and Hippodrome. Then follow your guide through the Grand Bazaar, browsing the shops of hundreds of vendors with an array of textiles, jewelry, perfumes, spices and more. 

21. Cotton Castle – Pamukkale

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, the cascading white travertine terraces is another must-see stop while traveling around Turkey. For nearly a thousand years mineral-rich water has flowed over the cliffs creating calcium deposits on the slopes.

Turquoise blue pools have collected within the deposits and geothermal activity has created hot pools – some that reach temperatures of 96 degrees Fahrenheit. 

Explore the stunning archaeology of Pamukkale on this full-day small-group guided tour . During your visit to this UNESCO World Heritage Site, stroll along the white travertine rock plateaus and hear about the site’s geology. Gaze over Pamukkale to towards the ancient city of Hierapolis and learn about its history as you discover its fascinating ruins. Also, enjoy a cleansing soak in Hierapolis’ natural springs and pools. 

22. Dalyan Mud Baths

Just a short boat ride from Dalyan’s town center is the spa-like natural thermal springs and mud baths that have been said to have been used by Cleopatra. There are a series of stations you go through as you work your way through this outdoor spa.

The hot springs reach temperatures of 104 degrees Fahrenheit and are known to be rich in iron, calcium, potassium as well as several other minerals. It is said that these hot springs and mud baths have numerous health benefits, from arthritis to wrinkles. 

23. Dalyan Rock Tombs

One of the most prominent features in the town of Dalyan is the ancient Lycian Rock Tombs that date back to the 4th century BC. Six intricately carved tombs are perched high above the waterfront and at night are lit up to give a magnificent presence over the town.

The Lycians believed that if they placed their king’s tombs on the highest peak, they would be closer to God and the souls of the deceased would be transported to the afterlife quicker. 

24. Goreme Open-Air Museum

Located just 1 mile from Goreme’s town center is the amazing UNESCO World Heritage Site called the Open-Air Museum. It consists of a series of monasteries that have been carved into different rocks that date all the way back to the 10th century.

There are 11 refectories to explore within the complex and because the caves have had limited light, the frescoes have retained their original vibrancy.

Spend the day exploring northern Cappadocia with a small group and a guide . See the unusual landscape of Devrent Imagination Valley as you walk through the moon-like surface of the valley. The tour includes lunch at a local restaurant and visits to Uchisar Rock Castle, and the Goreme Open Air Museum.

25. Grand Bazaar – Istanbul

Not only a shoppers paradise, but Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar is also a spectacle in itself. It is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. The original core of the bazaar was completed by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1461, where today you can still see its intricately painted ceiling.

Today the bazaar is full of over 60 streets and 4000 shops and is said to have around 250 000 to 400 000 visitors each day! 

Explore the fascinating history of Hagia Sophia, Basilica Cistern and Grand Bazaar during this half-day privately guided tour of imperial Istanbul . Discover the ancient church, former mosque and now internationally famous museum, the Hagia Sophia. This tour will wind you through the Grand Bazaar where you can haggle for Turkish treasures and then take you 500 feet below ground into the historic Basilica Cistern.

26. Gulhane Park – Istanbul

Just adjacent to and located on the grounds of Topkapi Palace is the beautiful Gulhane Park. Over the years, Gulhane Park – which means home of the rose has served many uses. During the Byzantine period, it was home to military warehouses and barracks.

During the Ottoman period, it was a place of celebration and ceremonies and was the main garden for Topkapi Palace. Finally, in 1912 it was opened to the public and since has been a popular oasis for both tourists and locals alike. 

The park grounds cover a massive area with flowers, trees, pools and outdoor cafes that look on to the Bosphorus. During the last 3 weeks in April, Gulhane Park is host to the Istanbul Tulip Festival where visitors are able to enjoy an abundance of tulips displaying 120 different types.

27. Hagia Sophia Museum – Istanbul

One of the most awe-inspiring sites in all of Istanbul is the Hagia Sophia Museum. It was first built in 537 AD and was used at that time as a Greek Orthodox Cathedral for 916 years.

After the conquest by Fatih Sultan Mehmed, the Hagia Sophia was then converted and used as a mosque for the next 482 years. Finally, under the order of Ataturk in 1935, this incredible monument was converted into a museum so that all could revel in its historical wonder.

The sheer size of this architectural masterpiece is enough to stop you in your tracks. It is impressive from the outside but perhaps even more stunning from within. To solidify its grandeur it became an official UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.

28. Hierapolis – Pamukkale

Hierapolis was a Hellenistic spa town that was booming in the 2nd and 3rd century AD. It was founded by the Attalid kings of Pergamon and it is said that the wealthy came from far to spend their later years in the healing spas.

The remains of the Greco-Roman period lay perched above the extraordinary travertines and today you can explore so many monumental sites. One such highlight is Cleopatra’s Pool (also known as the Antique Pool).

This geothermal pool is unique in that it has a champagne bubble effect. I am also pretty sure that there is nowhere else in the world that you can swim among ancient Doric Columns.

Discover the UNESCO-listed wonders of Pamukkale and the ancient city of Hierapolis on this full-day coach tour from Belek, including lunch and dinner . See how Pamukkale earned the name ‘Cotton Castle’ as you climb the striking white travertines, admire the Roman Amphitheatre at Hierapolis, and perhaps take a swim in the legendary Cleopatra pool.

29. House of the Virgin Mary – Selcuk

Located about 5 miles from Ephesus is the monumental House of Virgin Mary. This is said to be where Mary escaped persecution and spent her last years. Today it is a pilgrimage for both Muslims and Christians alike.

Travel back to Ancient Greek and Roman times as you explore the ruins of UNESCO-listed Ephesus, make a pilgrimage to the House of Virgin Mary and view the ruins of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This all-inclusive private day tour includes round-trip air-conditioned transport from Kusadasi, lunch, and admission fees, plus a guided walking tour of Ephesus.

30. Topkapi Palace Museum – Istanbul

Topkapi Palace Museum is another one of Istanbul’s incredible historical sites. Originally construction of the palace began in 1459 and was called the New Palace. In the 19th century, it was given the new name of Topkapi and became the political center of the Ottoman Empire.

The massive palace was home to the ruling sultans and their families, and with each new sultan, a different hall was added on to the palace. At the height of its time, there were up to 5000 residents living in the palace, but at the end of the Ottoman Empire, it was converted into a museum.

Today it is a sprawling maze of beautiful buildings that house galleries displaying such things as Ottoman clothing, weaponry, manuscripts, religious relics and even the Spoonmaker’s Diamond.

This diamond is an 86 carat, pear-shaped diamond that is considered to be the 4th largest of its kind in the world! 

The list of places to explore in this beautiful country is almost endless. Narrowing it down to a select few is purely based on my personal experience.

No matter where you go I promise that you too will walk away discovering a piece of the world that leaves you utterly speechless. 

More on Turkey:

• What to Wear in Turkey: Ultimate Turkey Packing List
• 11 Unmissable Things to do in Istanbul
• 9 Reasons to Visit Selcuk Turkey (Including Ephesus!)
• Foolproof Guide to Pamukkale Turkey
• Cappadocia, Turkey: 10 Things to Know Before You Go
• 5 Reasons to Add Cirali, Turkey to Your itinerary
• Dalyan, Turkey: Essential Guide & Best Things to do
• Best Time to Visit Turkey: Month by Month Breakdown
• Ultimate 10 Day Turkey Itinerary (Plus 7 day & 2 Week Options!)
• How To Plan a Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Ride in Turkey
• Ephesus, Turkey: Best Sites to Visit in the Ancient City

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Travel planning resources, about heather halpern.

Based in Edmonton, Canada - I caught the ‘travel bug’ many years ago when I was a competitive rhythmic gymnast and haven’t been able to quench the thirst for exploring the world. Even though I live a pretty regular life with a full time job, I aim to take at least one overseas adventure a year. This means, I skimp, save and try to live the happiest life possible throughout the year so that I can experience my one true love…travel!

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Must-see attractions in Türkiye

Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque

Sultanahmet

Right in the heart of İstanbul’s historic center, this sacred Byzantine building remains an important symbol of power.

Topkapı Palace

Topkapı is the subject of more colourful stories than most of the world's museums put together. Libidinous sultans, ambitious courtiers, beautiful…

Kariye Mosque

İstanbul has more than its fair share of Byzantine monuments, but few are as drop-dead gorgeous as this mosaic- and fresco-laden church. Nestled in the…

This ancient spa city's location atop Pamukkale's tourist-magnet travertines is quite spectacular. Founded as a curative centre around 190 BC by Eumenes…

Bergama Acropolis

İzmir & the North Aegean

One of Turkey's most impressive archaeological sites, Bergama's acropolis is dramatically sited on a hill to the northeast of the town centre. There's…

Süleymaniye Mosque

The Süleymaniye crowns one of İstanbul's seven hills and dominates the Golden Horn, providing a landmark for the entire city. Though it's not the largest…

Basilica Cistern

This subterranean structure was commissioned by Emperor Justinian and built in 532. The largest surviving Byzantine cistern in İstanbul, it was…

Hatay Archaeology Museum

Eastern Mediterranean

This incomparable museum contains one of the world's finest collections of Roman and Byzantine mosaics, covering a period from the 1st century AD to the…

Blue Mosque

İstanbul's most photogenic building was the grand project of Sultan Ahmet I (r 1603–17), whose tomb is located on the north side of the site facing…

Caves of Heaven and Hell

Near Narlıkuyu, a road winds north for 2km to several caves – sinkholes carved out by a subterranean river and places of great mythological significance…

Göbeklitepe

Around 11km northeast of Urfa, 'Pot Belly Hill' was first excavated in 1994 by a team led by Professor Klaus Schmidt. Their discovery of a ritual complex…

Of Turkey's hundreds of ancient cities and classical ruins, Ephesus is the grandest and best preserved. A Unesco-listed World Heritage Site, it's the best…

Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum

This museum does a stellar job of displaying one of the world's most important mosaic collections, most of which was unearthed at the Roman site of Belkıs…

Selimiye Mosque

Designed by Ottoman architect Mimar Koca Sinan (1497–1588), whose best-known works adorn İstanbul's skyline, this exquisite World Heritage–listed mosque…

Kızkalesi Castle

Rising from an island 250m offshore, impossibly romantic Kızkalesi Castle (also called the Sea Castle) is like a suspended dream. Check out the mosaics of…

Muradiye Mosque

The architectural genius of Mimar Sinan is well and truly on show at this exquisite mosque, which was commissioned by Sultan Murat III and constructed…

Grand Bazaar

The colourful and chaotic Grand Bazaar is the heart of İstanbul's Old City and has been so for centuries. Starting as a small vaulted bedesten (warehouse)…

Güllüdere (Rose) Valley

The trails that loop around Güllüdere Vadısı (Rose Valley) are easily accessible to all levels of walkers and provide some of the finest fairy-chimney…

Travertines

The World Heritage–listed saucer-shaped travertines (or terraces) of Pamukkale wind sideways down the powder-white mountain above the village, providing a…

Pera Museum

There's plenty to see at this impressive museum, but its major draw is undoubtedly the 2nd-floor exhibition of paintings featuring Turkish Orientalist…

Library of Celsus

This magnificent library dating from the early 2nd century AD, the best-known monument in Ephesus, has been extensively restored. Originally built as part…

Museum of Troy

Thrace & Marmara

The Museum of Troy's rust-coloured cube, rising from sunbaked earth, is a spectacular multi-floor showcase of the archeological layers of the historic…

Şanlıurfa Archaeology Museum

Şanlıurfa's spectacular archaeology museum is one of the best in Turkey. The region's cultural heritage is displayed across three levels covering a time…

Dark Church

The highlight of Göreme Open-Air Museum is the stunning and fully restored Dark Church, famed for the vivid colours and excellent preservation of its…

Göreme Open-Air Museum

This Unesco World Heritage site is an essential stop on any Cappadocian itinerary. First thought to be a Byzantine monastic settlement that housed some 20…

South Aegean

Priene enjoys a commanding position just below Mt Mykale, giving it a real natural grandeur. This Greco-Roman site is delightful to explore, with pine…

İstanbul Archaeology Museums

The city's foremost archaeological museum is housed in three buildings close to Topkapı Palace. There are many highlights, but the sarcophagi from the…

Antalya's historic district is a sight in itself and you could happily spend half a day strolling the narrow lanes here while admiring the mix of finely…

Kadıköy Produce Market

An aromatic, colourful and alluring showcase of the best fresh produce in the city, the Kadıköy Pazarı is foodie central for locals and is becoming an…

Zelve Open-Air Museum

The road between Çavuşin and Avanos passes a turn-off to the Zelve Open-Air Museum, where three valleys of crumbling cave-habitations and churches…

Museum of Anatolian Civilisations

The best place in the country to get to grips with the complex weave of Turkey's history, the exhibits here house artefacts cherry-picked from just about…

Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes National Park

This spectacular 277-sq-km mountainous reserve on the Dilek Peninsula has walking trails, stunning vistas, azure coves for swimming, and deep-green…

İzmir Museum of History & Art

This museum is overlooked by many visitors to the city, who do themselves a great disservice in the process. Spread over three pavilions, it is one of the…

Kemeraltı Market

A labyrinthine bazaar stretching from Konak Sq through to the ancient Agora, Kemeraltı dates back to the 17th century and is home to shops, eateries,…

Museum of Innocence

The painstaking attention to detail in this fascinating museum/piece of conceptual art will certainly provide every amateur psychologist with a theory or…

Turquoise Coast

Known in Turkish as Yanartaş, or 'Burning Rock', the Chimaera is a cluster of small flames that naturally blaze on the rocky slopes of Mt Olympos. At…

Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum

Archaeology buffs should make a beeline for the Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum, within the national park of the same name. The ruins date from the 8th…

Terraced Houses

The roofed complex here contains seven well-preserved Roman homes built on three terraces, which are well worth the extra visiting fee. As you ascend the…

Antalya Museum

Do not miss this comprehensive museum with exhibitions covering everything from the Stone and Bronze Ages to Byzantium. The Hall of Regional Excavations…

Kaymaklı Underground City

Kaymaklı underground city features a maze of tunnels and rooms carved eight levels deep into the earth, though only four are open to the public. The…

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Best things to do in Turkey

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written by Rough Guides Editors

updated 04.01.2023

Invaded and settled from every direction since the start of recorded history, Turkey combines influences from the Middle East and the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Central Asia. Find out more history in our feature on facts about Turkey . In the meantime, enjoy these highlights of the best things to do in Turkey.

1. Hot-air balloon ride over Cappadocia - one of the best things to do in Turkey

2. explore i̇shak pasa sarayı, 3. visit the monastery of sumela, 4. enjoy the spectacle of the whirling dervishes, 5. discover ancient ephesus, 6. explore nemrut dağı, 7. go shopping in a bazaar, 8. attend roman theatre at aspendos, 9. visit mardin for a great stopping-off point, 10. marvel at the beauty of hagia sophia, istanbul, 12. climb in kaçkar dağları, 13. take a look at zeugma mosaic museum, gazıantep, 14. relax in a hamam, 15. take a break in the sunshine of the patara beach, 16. visit kariye museum, istanbul, 17. try baklava, 18. cruise the southwest coast, 19. explore acropolis of ancient pergamon, 20. hike in the lycian way, 21. be overwhelmed by the greatness of the byzantine frescoes, cappadocia, 22. have a history lesson at the museum of anatolian civilizations, ankara, 23. explore ani ruins, 24. take a trip around the churches of the georgian valleys, 25. experience tranquillity of the lake van, 26. visit the blue mosque, istanbul, 27. take a walk in göreme national park, 28. explore the topkapi palace, istanbul, 29. hike through the pigeon valley, 30. behold the beauty of pamukkale, 31. paragliding in ölüdeniz - one of the things to do in turkey for adrenaline junkies.

The information in this article is inspired by The Rough Guide to Europe on a Budget , your essential guide for visiting Europe.

Travel ideas for Turkey, created by local experts

Sensational landscapes of Cappadocia

3 different modes of transportation to explore Cappadocia - by hot air balloon, on the back of a camel as well as on an ATV quad. Why choose if you can have it all? Four days filled with fun and adventure in the volcanic valleys around Cappadocia make an unforgettable trip.

City & culture - Istanbul and Cappadocia

Explore two absolute highlights in Turkey - Istanbul, the former capital of the Ottoman Empire with its many landmarks. After a few days in the city, fly to Cappadocia and explore the surreal surroundings, either on day tours or from above in a hot air balloon.

Magical Turkey

Visit Gobekli Tepe and Mount Nemrut in Southeastern Anatolia before proceeding to Cappadocia with its volcanic scenery. After a few days in the valleys, continue to Pamukkale and the ancient city of Ephesus. Your tour starts and ends in Istanbul.

Delightful Turkey

A fast-paced itinerary for those who want to discover as much as of Turkey as possible in under one week. Highlights include the Old Town of Istanbul, the valleys of Cappadocia, the birth of Sufism and the historical city of Ephesus.

Cultural Turkish Odyssey

Embark on a 22-day journey through Turkey's rich tapestry of culture and history. From Istanbul's enchanting blend of Asia and Europe to ancient wonders, coastal gems, and the captivating landscapes of Cappadocia, this tour immerses you in the treasures of Turkey.

Discovering Turkey

Discover Turkey's treasures in 10 unforgettable days. Explore Istanbul's heritage, walk the ancient streets of Ephesus, and soak in the natural wonders of Pamukkale and Cappadocia. An epic journey through history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes awaits.

A lighter-than-air float gives an unrivalled perspective on the “fairy chimneys” and other features of the landscape and is one of the best things to do in Turkey for the views.

You can get airborne on a paraglider above Ölüdeniz and kaş, or more passively (and expensively) in a hot-air balloon over Cappadocia – champagne breakfast usually included.

3 different modes of transportation to explore Cappadocia - by hot air balloon, on the back of a camel as well as on an ATV quad. Why choose if you can have it all? This tailor-made tour to Sensational landscapes of Cappadocia filled with fun and adventure in the volcanic valleys around Cappadocia make an unforgettable trip.

Where to stay in Cappadocia:

• Best for beautiful surroundings: Yunak Evleri . Set in Cappadocia’s landscape of fairy chimneys, Yunak Evleri is a unique cave hotel carved into a mountain cliff.
• Best for peaceful stays: Narcissos Cave Hotel . Featuring a garden, Narcissos Cave Hotel is set in Urgup in the Central Anatolia Region region, 8.4 km from Uchisar Castle and 11 km from Nikolos Monastery.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Cappadocia

Cappadocia - Turkey © Shutterstock

Strategically set astride the Silk Route, this architecturally eclectic seventeenth-century palace is one of eastern Turkey’s most emblematic sites.

The exotic İshak Paşa Sarayı was built in the 18th century. A delightful architectural mishmash of Georgian, Armenian and Seljuk styles, its lavishly relief-carved walls, domes and minarets make it an architecture lover's dream. Looking out from this building is spectacular, with grand views down across the plain that this Kurdish chieftain once controlled.

İshak Pasa Sarayı, Turkish semi ruined administrative, Turkey © YoncaEvren/Shutterstock

Dramatically built into the side of the Pontic mountains, this Byzantine monastery is adorned with beautiful frescoes.

The Monastery of Sumela, or the Virgin of the Black Rock ranks as one of the Black Sea’s biggest attractions. You'll find here an ancient monastery built into the side of a cliff on the Black Sea coastline. Climb up to an observation point, soak up epic views of the region, and wander through fascinating caves to learn about the area's geology.

The present buildings probably date from the 12th century and contain many subsequent layers of frescoes, the best being from the 14th and 15th centuries.

Discover the wonders of Sumela with a guided tour.

Visitind Sumela monastery is amongst things to do in Turkey for beautiful frescoes, Turkey © MehmetO/Shutterstock

Members of a sect founded by the Konya-based Sufi mystic Celaleddin Rumi conduct “turning” ceremonies to effect union with God.

The Mevlâna Festival of the Whirling Dervishes is held in a specially designed stadium every December, and the piety of most of the audience makes it clear that the sema (whirling ceremony) has not lost its religious significance. Performances for tourists are given daily in summer.

See the stunning Mevlevei Sema ceremony in Istanbul . Enjoy a complex musical repertoire with whirling dervishes and go on a mystical dance journey representing man’s spiritual ascent through mind, love, and perfection.

The Whirling Dervishes © Shutterstock

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This ancient city, addressed by Saint Paul in one of his epistles, is the best preserved of its kind in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Unmatched by any other Mediterranean archaeological site aside from Pompeii, Ephesus (Efes in Turkish) appeals to visitors ranging from serious scholars to those with a more casual interest. Most of the surviving ruins of Ephesus belong to the Roman imperial period.

This tailor-made trip to Delightful Turkey is for those who want to discover as much as of Turkey as possible in under one week. Highlights include the Old Town of Istanbul, the valleys of Cappadocia, the birth of Sufism and the historical city of Ephesus.

Where to stay near Ephesus ruins:

• Best for location: Ilayda Avantgarde Hotel offers great-value accommodation, only 50 m from the beach in the heart of the Kusadasi. It offers views overlooking a beach, the Aegean Sea and Kuşadası Marina. Kusadasi Castle can be reached in 5-minute drive from the property.
• Best for views: Nisanyan Hotel offers views of the historical village of Sirince, near Selçuk and the archaeological treasures of Ephesus. It features a marble swimming pool with water from Nisanyan’s own spring.

Find more accommodation options to stay near Ephesus ruins

Celsus Library in Ephesus, Turkey © muratart/Shutterstock

Thousands of visitors make the trek to see these fabulous remains atop towering Nemrut Dağı. You'll find here an extraordinary mountain-top temple-tomb complex that’s the outlandish legacy of an obscure, ancient kingdom. Commagene, a tiny buffer state on the Upper Euphrates, flourished for the briefest instant during the Roman civil wars.

Unlike other forgotten states of late antiquity, though, Commagene sealed its place in history thanks to the incredible stone carvings created by its uniquely self-obsessed ruler —Antiochus I. A visit to Nemrut Dağı is one of the best things to do in Turkey.

Enjoy a 3-day, 2-night tour of Mt. Nemrut, Sanliurfa, and Harran and discover some of Turkey's most fascinating hightlights.

Nemrut Dagi in Turkey © Waj/Shutterstock

Among the essential things to do in Turkey is of course browsing the Turkish bazaars. You may not get a bargain, but you can’t beat the banter, especially at Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar .

Heading west towards the city walls, Divan Yolu, once the avenue of state trodden by viziers and pashas (high officials of the Ottoman Empire), is now lined with tourist shops. Several blocks west, is the entrance to the Grand Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı), a favourite tourist haunt. The size of a city street block, this market is where you can find everything from carpets to leather jackets, antiques, silver, icons and gold.

The Rough Guides to Turkey and related travel guides

In-depth, easy-to-use travel guides filled with expert advice.

Discover traditional Istanbul’s life and colour with this half-day guided shopping tour . A trip to Turkey wouldn’t be complete without exploring Istanbul’s ancient and famous bazaars. Shop for the best in Turkish carpets and leathers.

Grand Bazaar, Istanbul © Berke/Shutterstock

Anatolia’s largest and best preserved Classical theatre hosts an opera and ballet festival in summer. Some 45km (25 miles) east of Antalya and 5km (3 miles) off the main road, imposing Aspendos is graced by one of the finest surviving Roman theatres in the world.

Built during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD161–80) and seating 15,000 people, the elaborate structure is almost intact, the exception being part of the upper cornice. It is still used for concerts today.

Where to stay near Aspendos:

• Best for family honeymoon: Megasaray Club Belek . Located on the seafront, Megasaray Club Belek offers a private sandy beach with a jetty, 5 outdoor pools, 3 water slides and spa facilities.
• Best for family holiday: The Land Of Legends Kingdom Hotel . Featuring a 5D Cinema which offers guests a unique experience, crazy river, wave pool and coasters — The Land of Legends Theme Park offers a multi-sensory experience concept in Antalya.

Find more accommodation options to stay near Aspendos

Ancient amphitheater Aspendos in Antalya, Turkey © Ryzhkov Oleksandr/Shutterstock

Medieval houses, historic mosques and churches, and boutique hotels mingle in this hilltop eyrie, high above the Mesopotamian plain.

Perched majestically on a bluff above the chequerboard expanse of the Mesopotamian plain, Mardin is the most beautiful and visitor-friendly town in southeast Turkey. It is just a few kilometres north of the Syrian border, with the land hereabouts the closest Turkey gets to a true desert: be prepared for summer temperatures in excess of 40°C (104°F).

It is also the launching point for visits to the ancient Roman outpost of Dara.

Where to stay in Mardin:

• Best for traditional architecture: Maridin Hotel . This marvelous stone-made mansion featuring traditional architecture offers a terrace with panoramic Mesopotamia and Mardin views. A Turkish bath, sauna and a cold water pool in a cave are available.
• Best for authentic experience: Mirsoum Hotels . Set in Mardin, 5.1 km from Eskikale, Mirsoum Hotels provides air-conditioned rooms and a garden.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Mardin

Old city Mardin, Turkey © akimov konstantin/Shutterstock

The seemingly unsupported dome of Hagia Sophia is one of the architectural marvels of the world and visiting this landmark should be on everyone's list of things to do in Turkey.

At the eastern end of the Hippodrome, across Sultanahmet Park, is magnificent Aya Sofya otherwise known by its Greek name, Hagia Sophia or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It’s the principal Byzantine building still standing in Istanbul and one of the finest architectural creations in the world, not least because of its stunning and hugely innovative dome.

Explore two absolute highlights on the tailor-made trip to City & culture - Istanbul and Cappadocia . Visit Istanbul, the former capital of the Ottoman Empire with its many landmarks. After a few days in the city, fly to Cappadocia and explore the surreal surroundings, either on day tours or from above in a hot air balloon.

• Best for views: Hotel Poem . Situated in the centre of Sultanahmet, just a short walk from the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque, this special class category hotel offers a cheerful atmosphere and great-value accommodation overlooking the Bosphorus.
• Best for B&B: Mest Hotel Istanbul Sirkeci . Well located in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Mest Hotel Istanbul Sirkeci is located 1.2 km from Basilica Cistern, less than 1 km from Column of Constantine and a 19-minute walk from Topkapi Palace.
• Best for location: Boutique Saint Sophia . Set in a 19th-century building and totally renovated in 2013, Boutique Saint Sophia has views over Hagia Sophia courtyard and offers luxurious rooms decorated with marble and teak wood. Hagia Sophia and Basilica Cistern are just a few steps from the hotel.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Istanbul

Hagia Sophia interior at Istanbul Turkey © Tatiana Popova/Shutterstock

Lying just inland from the Black Sea, this glacially sculpted granite mountain range, spangled with dozens of lakes, is Turkey’s premier trekking venue.

The glaciated Kaçkar mountains are the highest (3,932m/12,190ft) and most spectacular of the various massifs in Turkey’s eastern Black Sea region. The name is derived from the Armenian khatchkar (votive relief cross). Its non-porous granite has resulted in hundreds of midnight-blue lakes and burbling streams.

Wildflower displays are second to none. Best of all is the opportunity to sample life at the various yaylas (pastoral communities), inhabited to varying degrees from late June to early September.

Kaçkar mountains. Turkey © UBC Stock/Shutterstock

A fabulous collection of mosaics from ancient Zeugma, a Hellenistic/Roman frontier city now under the waters of a reservoir on the nearby Euphrates .

The jewel in Gaziantep’s crown is the remarkable Zeugma Mosaic Museum which houses a collection of mosaics as impressive as any found anywhere in the Roman world. Some are displayed wall-mounted, others as they would have been in situ, in the reconstructed peristyle courtyards of villas, surrounded by pillars and backed by frescoes.

The mosaics, frescoes and other finds, notably a superb bronze statue of Hermes, were all salvaged from the Hellenistic/Roman city of Zeugma.

Experience an exclusive romantic tour with your partner as a local guide shows you the most romantic places in Gaziantep. Hear interesting stories and get mesmerized by the ambiance of Gaziantep.

Find accommodation options to stay in Gazıantep

Roman Floor Mosaic from Zeugma, Turkey © bumihills/Shutterstock

If you are thinking about the best things to do in Turkey, one of the first things that comes to mind is of course visiting hamam. The traditional sensual comforts of Turkey, hamams (Turkish baths) make a wonderfully relaxing (and cleansing) way to round off a day’s sightseeing. The soapy pleasures of a trip to the hamam are revitalising, and an authentic Turkish experience.

The sexes are usually segregated either in different baths or by different hours. nudity is not the norm, so wear underpants beneath the tea-towel-like peştamal (sarong) that you will be given. In the better baths you will also be given a towel and wooden clogs (takunya), although in more rural areas it’s best to bring your own towel.

Enhance your stay in Turkey with an amazing 3-hour traditional Turkish bath experience . Relax in the sauna and steam room, and be indulged with a body scrub, foam massage, and oil massage, all part of this rejuvenating Turkish tradition.

Interior of Turkish sauna, classic Turkish hammam © Mr. Tempter/Shutterstock

This unspoiled beach, one of the longest in the Mediterranean, is the perfect coda to a visit of the nearby, eponymous ancient city.

Patara was powerful Lycian city. Today it is better known for its 12km (7.5-mile) white-sand beach, the longest in Turkey, often with a considerable summer surf. This giant sandpit is as popular with breeding turtles as it is with lounging tourists, and the swamp behind the dunes is a vast archaeological site – thus it is all strictly protected, with most tourist facilities confined to the village of Gelemiş.

Discover more beautiful beaches with our guide to the best beaches in Turkey .

Where to stay near Patara beach:

• Best for comfort stays: Flower Hotel Patara is situated in a charming grass garden full of various trees such as palms, fruit trees and olives. Profit from the shuttle service to the beach.
• Best for relaxing times: St. Nicholas Pension . This family-run hotel features air-conditioned rooms and a terrace restaurant serving Mediterranean delicacies. Located 3 km from Patara beach, it offers a daily shuttle service to the beach.

Find more accommodation options to stay near the Patara beach

Aerial view of an untouched Patara Beach in Antalya, Turkey © proslgn/Shutterstock

The finest collection of Byzantine mosaics and frescoes in Turkey, adorning an attractive church near the city’s land walls.

Around five kilometres (3 miles) west of the heart of the Istanbul around the Aya Sofya is the Kariye Museum. Take a taxi or the tram to the Pazartekke stop, from where it is a fascinating twentyminute walk north along the line of the Land Walls. Today it is a museum, the walls restored to relate the stories of Christianity according to Greek Orthodoxy.

Enjoy a stunning look at the center of Byzantine Constantinople on an extraordinary walking tour of the greatest Byzantine sights . Visit monasteries, homes, and ruins with an expert guide to help you gain a deep and rich understanding of Turkey's history.

Chora church, Istanbul, Turkey © Teo Stuivenberg/Shutterstock

The list of things to do in Turkey will not be complete without tasting of local delicacies. Those with a particularly sweet tooth should seek out a traditional pastane (patisserie). In earlier days, before fast-food restaurants and cafés provided an alternative, young courting couples or families would make the pastane a Sunday ritual.

The favourite dessert of the sweet-toothed Turks, rich, buttery baklava , in which thin layers of filo pastry are stuffed with pistachio or walnuts, is best enjoyed with a strong, black Turkish coffee.

Explore more of Turkish cuisine with our guide to the best traditional Turkish food .

On this guided walking food tour you will travel around Eminonu, its intricate alleyways and hidden corners and go off the beaten paths while eating and enjoying most of delicious food tastings.

Baklava © korkut kazcin/Shutterstock

The deeply indented coastline between Bodrum and Finike is the venue for multi-day cruises on a gulet , or traditional wooden motor-schooner.

All the major southwest coast resorts have well-equipped yacht marinas, with the convoluted shoreline between Bodrum and Finike especially rewarding. Scuba diving is most worthwhile out of Bodrum, kalkan, kaş and Adrasan. Expect to see corals, rock formations and submerged wrecks rather than huge shoals of fish.

Spend your day on a boat tour visiting Bodrum's hidden bays. Swim in the turquoise waters surrounding Black Island and relax with lunch at Aquarius Bay.

Gokova gulf, Bodrum, Turkey © nexus 7/Shutterstock

Pergamon was one of the chief Roman cities of Anatolia, and extensive ruins remain; shown here is the sanctuary of the restored Trajan temple.

For the energetic, there is a path up to the fabled Acropolis from Bergama, though it’s probably best to use it downhill on your return. Most people will arrive by cable-car or private car to the car park and ticket booth at the top.

As you pass the scant remains of a monumental gate, you enter one of the greatest centres of Hellenistic civilisation, excavated between 1878 and 1886 by Carl Humann, a railway engineer employed by the Ottoman government.

Enjoy a day tour of Pergamon and the Asklepion with convenient hotel pick-up from Kusadasi or Selcuk. Customize your itinerary and take advantage of skip-the-line tickets.

Temple of Trajan at Acropolis of Pergamon or Pergamum in Turkey © OPIS Zagreb/Shutterstock

This well-marked path, suited to all abilities, follows some of the most scenic portions of the Turquoise Coast . Hiking in this region is one of the best things to do in Turkey for walkers and nature lovers.

This coastal route, ideal for spring or autumn, notionally takes five weeks to complete, but the wildest, most popular sections are near Fethiye between Kabak and Gavurağili, and between Kaş and Üçağız.

Five kilometres (3 miles) before Kumluca, where Highway 400 swings northward, continue east along the coastal road for another 20km (12.5 miles) to reach a scenic stretch of the Lycian Way, from Karaöz down to the French-built lighthouse at Gelidonya Burnu, with the Beş Adalar (Five Islands) as a backdrop.

Discover Kekova's top landmarks on this guided sea kayak tour . See sights including the Sunken City of Kekova, Tersane Bay, and Theimussa, visit Simena Castle, swim, and enjoy lunch in Üçağiz.

Gelidonya lighthouse, Lycian way, Turkey © Quinn Martin/Shutterstock

Cappadocia's many rock-hewn churches contain superb early Christian frescoes.

One of the finest local churches for Byzantine frescoes is the monastery at Eski Gümüşler in the village of Gümüşler, 8km (5 miles) northeast of Niğde. Restored by British archaeologists in the 1960s, the monastery church has a completely preserved courtyard (the only one to survive in its entirety).

A room upstairs springs a surprise: a smoky wall covered with non-religious pictures of animals and birds. Outside, a winepress and baths have been discovered.

Frescos cave, church Goreme, Cappadocia © Jan Miko/Shutterstock

Home to native cultures from the Stone Age onwards, this superb museum is the capital’s one must-see attraction.

Today, travellers to the region pay homage to Atatürk, buried in state in the country’s bustling modern capital, Ankara, and visit the superb Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, covering 10,000 years of history.

You'll want to visit Konya to admire the religious monuments associated with the world-famous whirling dervishes. Visit Cappadocia to delight in its extraordinary landscape of conical fairy chimneys, underground cities, anthill-like monasteries and rock-cut churches.

Explore Ankara with a friendly and passionate local who will help you discover the city like a real Ankara resident.

Where to stay in Ankara:

• Best for modern stays: Bugday Hotel . Located in Ankara’s centre, this hotel features panoramic city views from the rooftop restaurant. It has a fitness centre, sauna and a steam bath. Free Wi-Fi and free private parking are available.
• Best for comfort: Hotel Cinnah . Located in the heart of Ankara, Hotel Cinnah is 100 m from Kugulu Park. It is also within walking distance to many shops are shopping area. Free WiFi is available throughout the property. Guests can benefit free private parking on site.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Ankara

Museum of Anatolian civilizations, Ankara, Turkey © zebra0209/Shutterstock

Medieval Armenian capital in a superb setting at the Turkish border, scattered with fine churches. The former capital of Bagratid Armenia, which flourished from the 10th to the 13th centuries, contains several of the finest Armenian churches in this region, amid dramatic scenery.

Allow at least half a day to make the most of Ani, plus an hour each way for the drive from/to Kars. Entry to the city is through the impressive Aslan Kapısı (Lion Gate), from where a signed path meanders its way from church to church. Most obvious is the Church of the Redeemer, striking because only half of its bulk survives, the rest having fallen victim to a lightning bolt.

Clinging to a cliff face above the Arpa Çayı is the exquisite Church of St Gregory and its lovely frescoes.

Church of the Redeemer in Ani, Turkey © Fat Jackey/Shutterstock

The medieval churches northeast of Erzurum is among northeastern Anatolia’s most striking monuments.

Getting around the Georgian valleys with their marvellous Georgian churches is considerably difficult without your own transport. There are few tour agents and infrequent dolmuşes to the villages by the churches.

The five most impressive churches lie south of Artvin, in the valleys of the Çoruh and Tortum rivers. İşhan is the first, with its huge, mind-blowing church. Work was begun during the 8th century and was only completed 300 years later. The dome rests on four massive columns, while delicate stone carvings adorn the outer walls.

Osvang church Tortum Erzurum, Turkey © zaferkizilkaya/Shutterstock

The cobalt-blue expanse of Turkey's largest lake is at its most scenic in late spring or early summer.

Turkey’s largest inland body of water, Van Gölü (Lake Van) stands some 1,650 metres (5,500ft) above sea level. Flushed with the run-off from innumerable small streams in the surrounding mountains, it has no visible outlet save for evaporation, which accounts for the lake’s high salinity.

Last light at The Armenian Church, Van, Turkey © B Studio/Shutterstock

The most famous mosque in the old city in Istanbul is the Blue Mosque facing Aya Sofya across Sultanahmet Square, and deriving its architectural style from the earlier church. It has blue stained-glass windows, and exquisite İznik tiles decorate its interior.

It was built between 1609 and 1616 by the architect Mehmet Ağa, a student of the great architect Sinan, as a means of showing the world that he had outstripped his master – and the architects of Aya Sofya – and as a tribute to the superiority of Islam.

Join a guided tour of the two most famous monuments in Istanbul : the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. Enjoy an introduction to Sultanahmet and the Hippodrome as you witness local life with a guide.

Blue mosque, Instanbul © OPIS Zagreb/Shutterstock

The village of Göreme, just 3km northeast of Uçhisar, is one of few remaining Cappadocian settlements whose rock-cut houses and fairy chimneys are still inhabited. These, along with the village’s celebrated open-air museum, make it a hugely popular tourist destination. The honeycomb of cave dwellings etched into the landscape not only provides visual intrigue, but is well equipped to provide for everyone from budget backpackers to luxury holiday-makers. and there are carpet shops, pansiyons, tour companies and restaurants everywhere.

In and around the Göreme valley, in a spectacular scenery entirely made by erosion, there are shrines cut into the rock, which are a unique record of Byzantine art. There are also troglodyte dwellings, villages and underground cities - the remains of a former traditional human habitation that dates back to the 4th century.

This Cappadocia Red Tour will depart from your hotel. Along with a professional tour guide and driver, you will visit historic sites in Cappadocia such as Devrent Valley, Pasabagi Valley, Avanos, Göreme Open Air Museum, Esentepe and more.

Where to stay in Göreme:

• Best for views: Milat Cave Hotel . Boasting a garden and a restaurant, Milat Cave Hotel is set in Goreme. Featuring a 24-hour front desk, this property also provides guests with a terrace. A tour desk can provide information on the area.
• Best for ambience and comfort: Carus Cappadocia . Featuring a bar, garden and views of city, Carus Cappadocia is set in Goreme, 3.9 km from Uchisar Castle. Among the facilities of this property are a restaurant, a 24-hour front desk and room service, along with free WiFi. The hotel features family rooms.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Göreme

Goreme in Turkey © AdobeStock

Located to the northeast of Aya Sofya is the Topkapı Palace. The complex is considerably smaller than the original, which used to extend down to the Sea of Marmara and include the area covered today by Sirkeci railway station and Gülhane Park, but the grounds are still enormous. You need half a day to appreciate it properly.

The Topkapı was the nerve centre of the extensive Ottoman Empire after Mehmet the Conqueror’s great grandson, Süleyman the Magnificent, made the decision to make it the seat of the Ottoman Empire and his royal residence.

Skip the ticket lines and discover Topkapi Palace in Istanbul on an informative tour with an audio guide . Explore at your own pace and take a break for coffee.

Harem in Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey © AdobeStock

If you are looking for what to do in Turkey for hiking don't miss the beautiful Pigeon Valley. It's a spectacular valley near the town of Uchisar, which is named because of the thousands of pigeon lodges carved into the soft tuff since ancient times, and provides another breathtaking view of Cappadocia together with fascinating views of the pigeon lodges.

The valley got its name from the pigeons and ranks first amongst the most popular, most well-known and striking valleys of Cappadocia.

See the best of Cappadocia with a private day trip from Goreme . Enter the Pigeon Valley and delve into Derinkuyu Underground City before traveling to Cavusin and admiring the Fairy Chimneys.

Uchhisar fortress and colourful hot air balloons flying over Pigeon valley in Cappadocia, Turkey © Shutterstock

The solidified mineral-rich “waterfalls” of the pale travertine terraces are a cliché of Turkish tourism, but is one of the best things to do in Turkey nonetheless. The extensive remains of Roman Hierapolis up top are an added bonus.

Magical Pamukkale the “Cotton Castle”, lies 19km (12 miles) north of Denizli, off the main highway from Aydin. It’s actually a solidified cascade of travertine, formed by calcium bicarbonate-laden hot springs just uphill that have left stalactite-festooned terraces and scallop-shaped pools as they drain over the escarpment here and cool.

Experience Pamukkale with its dreamlike landscapes and waters, long prized for their healing properties on Pamukkale and Hierapolis Tour with Lunch . Then visit the settlement of Hierapolis and discover its ancient history.

Vibrant Pamukkale in Turkey © Suksamran1985/Shutterstock

Fethiye itself has no beaches; the nearest is at Çalış, 4km (2.5 miles), a mosquito-friendly, déclassé resort slowly being converted to holiday homes. The area’s premier beach, featuring on every second tourist-office poster of Turkey, lies across the peninsula at Ölüdeniz, the “Dead Sea”, 25km (15 miles) away.

Until the late 1980s, this was one of the Mediterranean’s most beautiful hideaways, a cobalt lagoon encircled by platinum sand, with Aleppo pines leaning over the water. But the overlanders’ obligatory halt of yore has since become a standard mass-market resort. The entire valley behind less scenic, adjacent Belceğiz beach is crammed to capacity with restaurants and hotels, most of the latter dominated by package companies.

You can get airborne on a paraglider above Ölüdeniz and kaş, or more passively (and expensively) in a hot-air balloon over Cappadocia.

Glide high above sandy beaches and turquoise waters on a paragliding flight . Take in views of majestic mountains on the horizon. Start with a briefing by your instructor and then experience a tandem paraglide, choosing the time of day that suits you best.

Paragliding in Ölüdeniz, Turkey © AdobeStock

Turkey is one of the best places to travel with kids. Check our guide to the best places to go with kids and find some more inspirational ideas for the family holidays.

If you prefer to plan and book your trip to the Turkey without any effort and hassle, use the expertise of our local travel experts to make sure your trip will be just like you dream it to be.

Visiting Turkey is a trully unforgetable expirience. For more inspirational travel tips check our Rough Guide books . If you travel further in Turkey , read more about the best time to go and the best places to visit in Turkey. For inspiration use the itineraries and our local travel experts . A bit more hands on, learn about getting there , getting around the country and where to stay once you are there.

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Landmarks in Turkey | 25 must-visit iconic places to visit in Turkey

From the breath-taking Blue Mosque to the mythical city of Troy, the country of Turkey has more than its fair share of iconic landmarks and monuments. Sprinkled with ancient ruins, unusual underground caverns and bustling bazaars, there are so many famous places that we just had to count them down. So, with the help of some of the globe’s best travel writers, here is our rundown of the 25 most legendary landmarks in Turkey!

Our 10 top must-see landmarks in Turkey

• Hagia Sophia

Sumela Monastery

• The Blue Mosque

Mount Nemrut

• Topkapi Palace

Goreme National Park

Hagia sophia, istanbul.

Explored by James from The Travel Scribes

Undoubtedly one of the most recognisable sights in Turkey, if not the world, the alluring exterior of the Hagia Sophia is only rivalled by its incredible interior and design.

Originally built in 537 as the cathedral for Constantinople, the imperial capital, the Hagia Sophia (which means ‘holy wisdom’ in Greek) was the largest Christian church in the Byzantine Empire, the pinnacle of power for the eastern Roman empire. However, it was in 1453, after the Ottoman Empire secured Constantinople, that it was transformed into a mosque, and later a museum.

With its dome dominating Istanbul’s skyline, this UNESCO World Heritage site is also the nation’s biggest tourist draw, something under threat since 2018, when ruling President Erdogan ordered it to change back to a mosque and shutting out many of its international visitors.

Regardless of its tourist status, the Hagia Sophia is still one of Turkey’s most famous landmarks. One of the greatest examples of Byzantine architecture, it was the world’s largest cathedral until the Seville Cathedral, a Spanish landmark in its own right, was built. But it isn’t just the commanding architecture that is worth seeing – the interior is richly decorated with mosaics and marble, an electric mix of Islamic and Christian motifs that you must see once in your lifetime.

Myra Ruins, Antalya

Explored by Thea from Zen Travellers

While they may not be Turkey’s most famous historical monuments, the Myra ruins in the Antalya province are well worth a visit. Located along the Mediterranean coast in the town now called Demre, the Myra ruins date back to the 4 th century BC. This archaeological wonder features two necropolis of extensive rock-cut tombs, a sprawling ancient theatre, and impressive stone face carvings built into a stunning mountainside. Legend dictates that the tombs were carved into hills so that the spirits of the dead could soar into the afterlife from their elevated perch like a bird.

In addition to the Myra ruins, the Basilica in Demre is also home to the original 6 th century tomb of Saint Nicholas, that is the real human Saint Nicholas, not to be confused with the red-pyjama wearing jolly Saint Nick who delivers Christmas presents. A visit to the Basilica highlights the fascinating history of the region as well as the diversity of architecture that was used over the centuries.

Demre can be easily reached by bus from Antalya or Kas, or by foot along the Lycian Way hiking trail.

Be sure to enjoy some locally grown fresh-squeezed orange juice and pomegranates to re-energize after all your exploring!

Explored by Claire from Stoked to Travel

The spectacular natural wonder of Pamukkale is located in South West Turkey and is unlike anywhere else in the world. Pamukkale  means ‘cotton castle’ in Turkish, which is one way to describe these unusual white terraced pools that are nestled into the hillside. No-one fully knows how the pools were created, but one widely accepted explanation is the they are formed by a carbonate mineral left by the flowing water. Pamukkale, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, sits above the rest of the region offering staggering views from the top-level pools. You can climb along the pools’ edges, and even take a dip in the turquoise waters.  Once you reach the highest terrace of pools, you actually find yourself at the phenomenal Greco-Roman ancient ruins at Hierapolis. This vast amphitheatre has been wonderfully preserved and offers exceptional views across the whole region. You can also visit the adjacent hot springs called the Cleopatra Pools, which are popular with locals who come to spend the day there with a picnic.  To get to Pamukkale and Hierapolis, you must first arrive in the large city of Denizli. From here, you can take a minibus directly to the small tourist town of Pamukkale. Although it is possible to visit for the day, I recommend planning to stay for one night, so you can either get to the pools early in the morning before the crowds arrive or stay late for sunset once they’ve left again. 

Clinging almost unbelievably from a sheer cliff face, the Sumela Monastery is a sight to behold, and definitely one of the most famous landmarks in Turkey.

While the exact date of its founding is unknown, it’s thought to have been constructed around AD 386, founded by two monks named Sophronios and Barnabas. Why it’s perched on a cliff ledge, no-one knows, but the monastery is located 1,200 off the ground, with sweeping views of the Altindere National Park.

More than just a monastery, there is actually a small village nestled there, including the Rock Church, kitchens, a library and a number of chapels. If you do end up exploring there, there is also a nearby waterfall and some great viewpoints, best visited through a bit of a strenuous walk of 3km.

The Blue Mosque, Istanbul

Explored by Tegan & Alex from Why Not Walk

The Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey, known to some as the Blue Mosque for its iridescent blue tiles, is an Ottoman-era Mosque dating back to the early 1600s. While a fully functioning mosque and madrasah today, it is also a popular tourist destination that is sure to dazzle worshippers and visitors alike.

Incorporating many elements of the Byzantine design seen in the neighbouring Hagia Sophia, the Sultan Ahmed boasts five large domes and six minarets – a truly remarkable (and enormous!) construction. While inside, spend some time gazing up at the intricate domed ceiling, with its famed stained-glass windows, one-of-a-kind handmade Iznik tiles, and ornately calligraphed verses from the Qur’an. The mihrab, or niche representing which direction prayers toward Mecca should be directed, is made of gorgeous marble and also has very detailed inscriptions to admire.

A few practical tips : women must ensure their hair is fully covered prior to entry. It is a good idea to keep a scarf in your daypack anywhere you go in Turkey, to ensure you are able to enter mosques and other religious attractions. In further standard mosque procedure, you must remove your shoes upon entry, and you are loaned slippers to wear while you are inside. While you are allowed to take photos inside, be respectful and quiet, and avoid visiting around the 5 daily prayer times, as it is closed to visitors during those times.

Admission is free and be sure to enter through the visitor entrance rather than the entrance for worship. Keep in mind that the mosque can get very crowded: it is one of Istanbul’s top tourist destinations for good reason! We recommend visiting in the morning, as early as you can, to make the most of your visit.

Another incredible sight in Turkey is definitely the lofty summit of Mount Nemrut. This over 2,000-metre-high mountain situated in southeast Turkey is not just one of the tallest peaks in the Taurus Mountains but has a pretty unusual landmark atop it: the statues and burial mound of King Antiochius I.

It’s said that his tomb is buried far beneath the mound, although comprehensive archaeological digs have never found it. That said, this mound is still a huge tourist attraction, for the odd statues that are sprinkled across its surface. Including statues of himself, as well as a number of gods, lions and eagles, what makes the location unique is that the heads have been severed from the bodies and placed across the vista. It’s almost otherworldly to see Antiochus’ head rising from the dust, a sight that has tourists thronging to the mountain.

Best visited at sunrise to see the rays peek out from behind the statues, make sure you don’t visit Mount Nemrut in winter, since heavy snowfall usually makes the summit impassable.

Topkapi Palace, Istanbul

Explored by Larch from The Silver Nomad

Step through the commanding gates of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul for an intriguing look at the luxurious life of the Ottoman Empire.

Topkapi Palace was the main residence of the Ottoman Sultans for nearly 400 years from the late 1400s. Since 1924, the palace has been a museum filled with jewellery, china, weaponry and more from the Ottomans.

Many of the items were made on the palace grounds by artisans, others were gifts from visiting dignitaries or spoils of war. Some of the porcelain comes from China and Japan and shows just how far the Ottomans travelled. Look out for the Spoonmaker’s Diamond, one of the largest cut diamonds in the world and the stunning emerald encrusted Topkapi Dagger which are in Treasury IV room.

Within the walls, four courtyards beautifully laid out with gardens leading you to the more private areas. In the Ottoman era, the entrance to each was restricted. The fourth courtyard has stunning views over the confluence of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara and the Golden Horn, a perfect vantage point for looking for attacks.

Buy an Istanbul Tourist Pass to get in free to Topkapi Palace and other offers around Istanbul, otherwise, the entrance is 100 Turkish Lira and it is extra to visit the Harem section and the Hagia Irene Church.

However, it’s good to note that the Topkapi Palace is closed on a Tuesday.

Anıtkabir, Ankara 

Explored by Kenny from Knycx Journeying 

Do you know the capital of Turkey? You may be surprised that most people would think that is Istanbul. In fact, Ankara is the capital city in central Turkey upon the declaration of independence in 1923. 

Anıtkabir is the most iconic landmark in the city center. Occupying the top of Observation Hill, it is a mausoleum dedicated to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the leader of the Turkish War of Independence, the founder, and first President of the Republic of Turkey. 

It is a must-see location in Ankara because of its status and importance. The building is a simple yet impressive, symmetrical cube-shaped monument, facing a ceremonial plaza of over 10,000 square meters – it is a great example of Turkish architecture. Here, the signs and memorials showcase the history of Turkey. Admire the artwork through the Road of Lions, pay respect to Atatürk’s tomb in the Hall of Honor, and take a walk in the Peace Park; if you have time, explore the many towers around the site, and visit the Anıtkabir Atatürk Museum, where you may learn more about history the country’s significant figure, and view many of his personal belongings. 

Finally, don’t forget to go behind the mausoleum and have a panoramic view of the city.  

Explored by Lee from The Travel Scribes

Hugging the eastern border of Turkey is the ghostly town of Ani, a crumbling city that was one a thriving, bustling metropolis.

Known as the ‘city of a thousand and one churches’, Ani was an Armenian medieval city that was the capital of the Bagratid Armenian kingdom and a huge centre for trade and religion. Part of the Silk Road, actually the city was so powerful and prominent that, at its pinnacle, it was one of the world’s largest cities!

Unfortunately, this prominence made it a huge target, as it was the site of skirmishes with the Ottoman Turks, the Kurds, Byzantine emperors and many more. Between these attacks and a devastating earthquake in 1319, the city fell into disrepair and out of favour, declining until it fell into the ruins that it is today.

A UNESCO World Heritage site, Ani can be visited today but does have some restrictions on visitor numbers, so make sure to book any tours in advance.

Explored by Campbell & Alya from the Stingy Nomads

Visiting the valleys of Cappadocia located in Göreme National Park is one of the most popular things to do in Turkey .

The water and wind-eroded rock landscapes of Cappadocia is a spectacular UNESCO World Heritage Site covered in unique cone-shaped rock formations called fairy chimneys. This world heritage site has several beautiful open-air museums and underground cities to explore. The landscapes of the open-air museum is a fantastic area to investigate and having a guide hike with you and tell you about the area does enrich the experience.

To explore this amazing part of Cappadocia, stay in the beautiful little town Göreme. A great experience in Cappadocia is to check into one of the cave hotels. The soft volcanic rock of Cappadocia has been hollowed out for homes for more than 2000 years. These ancient houses in Göreme have been restored with modern facilities to form the cave hotels.

A hot air balloon ride over this spectacular landscape must be the most popular bucket list activity in Turkey. Around a hundred hot air balloons take off from Göreme every morning.

When visiting this unique area don’t miss the Goreme Open Air Museum with its cave churches, Zelve Open Air Museum a cave town with churches, the Kaymakli Underground City the largest underground city and Derinkuyu Underground City the deepest underground city. Reaching the Göreme National park is easy with a local flight from Istanbul to Nevşehir-Kapadokya Airport(NEV).

Photo credit: Espartosa / Flickr

Immortalised in film, the city of Troy is one of the most mythical places in Turkey.

Troy was essentially a city located in the northwest of Asia Minor, in what is now modern Turkey. This ancient city is famous as the place that was conquered by the Greek army, led by the legendary King Agamemnon, as penance for the abduction of Helen, the Queen of Sparta. Homer’s great work, the Iliad, chronicles this siege, all in response to Helen’s abduction by Paris, the son of Troy’s King Priam.

Now known as the hill of Hisarlik, many disputed that the city was actually ‘Troy’ for many years until the 19 th century, when excavations at Hisarlik unearthed artefacts and treasures that supported the case.

While there isn’t too much to see nowadays, you can take a trip to Troy (Hisarlik) from Istanbul, although it’s a bit of a long trek.

Bodrum Castle

Photo Credit: Claverie / Flickr

Perched on a rocky peninsula on the southwestern coast of Anatolia is the UNESCO World Heritage site of Bodrum Castle.

The Castle, built at the beginning of the 15 th century by the Knights of St John (also called the Knights Hospitallers), was not just a fortification but also a refuge for Christians in the region. However, around 1522 it was taken over by the Ottoman Empire, where it was used as a garrison, and the church transformed into a mosque complete with minaret. After changing hands a few more times and again being used as a military base, it was finally made into the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, as it remains today.

Well worth a visit when in the Bodrum area, the Museum chronicles all the ancient shipwrecks of the Aegean Sea, collecting items from shipwrecks including amphoras, ancient glass, coins and vases.

Dolmabahce Palace, Istanbul

Explored by Chrysoula from Travel Passionate

Dolmabahçe Palace is a must-see site when visiting Istanbul. Constructed in the mid-1800s on the European shore of the Bosporus Strait, Dolmabahçe Palace is an impressive Ottoman palace built as a more modern abode for Sultan Abdülmecid I to replace the former Topkapı Palace (another of the best palaces in Istanbul ). The name Dolmabahçe comes from the Turkish words meaning ‘filled-in garden’ and refers to the fact that a bay once stood at this point on the Bosporus for Ottoman anchorage but was filled in to create a relaxing garden for the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire instead. The spectacular palace comprises of three main sections spread over the 250,000 square metres of grounds: The Administrative Apartments, the Ceremonial Hall and the Imperial Harem, along with multiple smaller out-buildings. It is the largest palace in Turkey containing 285 rooms, 46 hallways, 6 hammam baths and 68 toilets! The interior elements are opulent and exquisite and are Ottoman, Baroque, Rococo and Neoclassical in style. While the ticket price is relatively expensive to enter the Dolmabahçe Palace, the rooms and interior decor are absolutely splendid, and the views and garden are excellent too. Your ticket price also includes an audio-guide tour to give you more information about the palace and its history as you walk around. Please note, you can’t take photographs inside the palace or harem so please bear this in mind when contemplating whether to buy tickets to go inside.

Photo Credit: Raddato / Flickr

Another UNESCO World Heritage Site to add to the ever-growing list of iconic Turkish landmarks, Hattusha (also spelled Hattusa) was the capital of the Hittite empire back in the Bronze Age, now another ‘forgotten’ city in ruins.

The city itself was said to have been founded as early as 2000 BC with the local Hattian people establishing a small settlement there. But it was the arrival of a Hittite king that really gave the city it’s prominence, as he established Hattusha as his residence and therefore capital, after which a prestigious line of 27 Great Kings followed in his footsteps.

The Hittite state collapsed around the Bronze Age and, with it, the city, as it was totally abandoned. It was only in 1883 that it was ‘found’ again, with the arrival of French archaeologist Charles Texier who discovered the ruins.

Nowadays you can still visit Hattusha and see what was once a captivating city close up. Notable for its 8 kilometre ‘city walls’, it also includes a number of small temples, the staggeringly beautiful ‘Sphinx Gate’ and the famous rock sanctuary of Yazilikaya, an open air temple with two chambers cut straight into the bedrock.

Explored by Carley from Home to Havana

Known the world over for its importance as one of the hubs of the early Christian world thanks to its eponymous book in the Bible, Ephesus is one of the most visited destinations in Turkey. It boasts the impressive Library of Celsus, one of the only remaining libraries constructed during the Roman Empire, and massive amphitheater thought to be the largest in the ancient world. While the Library and amphitheater are impressive, don’t miss some of the site’s less-visited gems, like the Temple of Hadrian and the Basilica of St. John.

Make sure you get here early if you can, as soon as the park opens at 8:00 am, to escape the afternoon heat and avoid the crowds, having the opportunity to enjoy this historic site nearly alone. For the best photos of the Library, hurry there are soon as the park opens and then backtrack to explore the rest of the ancient city’s sites as the park fills with visitors. 

The surrounding area is also home to the remains of the Temple of Artemis, one of the ancient wonders of the world, though just a single pillar remains today. You also won’t want to miss the nearby house of the Virgin Mary, often overshadowed by Ephesus, but an important religious pilgrimage site, as many believe she lived here until the end of her life.

Perge (or Perga), is another one of Turkey’s ancient cities now in ruins. Said to have been built somewhere between the 12 th and 13 th centuries BC, it was ruled by the Persians and Athenians before surrendering to Alexander the Great and coming to the fore during Roman rule during the 2 nd and 3 rd centuries AD.

Like many of the ancient towns in Turkey, it fell into disfavour and later disrepair before being ‘reborn’ as a tourist location in modern times. Nowadays you can travel to Perge (about 15 kilometres from Antalya) to see some of the remaining structures, including the formerly glamorous basilica and baths, the impressive city walls and the stadium, one of the best preserved in the ancient world.

Aphrodisias

Explored by Noel from This Hawaii Life

One of the most underrated and lesser known historic UNESCO sites in Turkey that is really spectacular and worth a visit is Aphrodisias. Located just a few hours bus ride from the other famous UNESCO site at Ephesus, Aphrodisias is a fantastic Hellenistic Greek city located in the Western Anatolia region.

Named primarily for the ancient Greek god Aphrodite – the goddess of love – the site is an amazing collection of historic architectural treasures including the Monumental Gateway, Temple of Aphrodite, the Bouleuterion, the Sebasteion, the Roman theatre, the stadium and so many other wonderful ruins to explore. Because of its remote location, many architectural details, sculpture and art where found among the ruins and are showcased in a spectacular museum that is a must visit. 

Visits to the site can be done in a docent tour, DIY tour or just reading the many placards in various languages among the historic tourist attractions.

Getting to the site is done mostly through tour buses or taking your own independent ride booked to the site, it’s a little bit of a hassle but not so bad with a new highway connecting the city of Geyre to the large coastal city of Izmir in the west. You can easily book reservations and a tour direct from Izmir for a day trip to the site, but it is worth staying overnight to explore the more expansive site in detail for those that really love to see and enjoy a fantastic UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Alanya Castle

Possibly one of the lesser-known landmarks on this list, the Alanya Castle is a medieval castle located on a rocky peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea. Surrounded by a 6.5 kilometre wall and over 140 watch towers, this impressive structure is one of the more prominent landmarks in this area of southern Turkey.

It’s said that the first foundations were laid back in Hellenistic times but only really came to fruition when the Romans and Byzantines ruled the region, as they saw the importance of the Castle to guard the harbour from pirates and, of course, foreign armies.

That said, the castle (and city) was conquered in the 13 th century by Seljuk forces and, after this, it was primarily used for residential purposes until the present day. Today a trip to the castle is strictly for tourism as you can spend a few hours exploring the shipyard, arsenal and many former military buildings.  Much of the castle area is entirely free, although you’ll need to purchase a ticket to get into the Inner Fortress and the Ehmedek Fortress.

Galata Tower, Istanbul

Explored by Džangir from Dr Jam Travels

Galata tower is located in the Galata/Karaköy quarter of Istanbul, north of the Golden Horn’s junction with the Bosphorus. This medieval tower was built in the 14th century by Genoese as Christea Turris aka Tower of Christ.

In the Ottoman period, it was renamed the Galata Tower. At the time it was built it was the tallest building in the city at a height of 67 meters. The external diameter is more than 16 meters and the inner diameter is almost 9 meters.

At first it was used for military defence, then later it was used as a tower for spotting fires in the city. Ironically it burned down twice.

After its last renewal in the 1960s, it was open to the public. On upper decks, you have an observation platform, restaurant and night club. A visit to the Galata Tower will set you back 35 Turkish Liras (approx. €4). Although a top tip is to pay a visit to this place at dusk. In the soft light and call to prayer from all the mosques, you will enjoy the south view of Sultanahmet across Golden Horn and north view of Taksim.

The tower can be reached from the north (Taksim) or south (Sultanahmet) on foot, by taxi, tram (south T1, north legendary red tram over Istiklal street), or Metro (Şişhane station on M2 line).

Aspendos Theatre

About 50 kilometres east of alluring Antalya is the incredible ancient Greco-Roman town of Aspendos, with its incredible amphitheatre – definitely a must-visit landmark in Turkey!

This beautiful city was apparently founded around 1000 BC, becoming a flourishing trade town during the Roman period. However, like it’s neighbouring towns of Side and the afore-mentioned Perge, it fell into decline when silt made the harbour unreachable, and when the Byzantines favoured more centralised trade and distribution.

The most famous monument within the city still stands today – the Theatre. Built when Marcus Aurelius ruled the region (around 160-180 AD), it was founded during Roman rule but has many Greek characteristics, testament to its ancient Greek architect.

The theatre is impressively large in scale – 96 metres wide and flanked by huge stone towers; a must-see marvel when in this part of Turkey. And you can still visit it today, particularly during the Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival, which takes place each year in this amazing amphitheatre.

Grand Bazaar, Istanbul

Explored by Yukti Agrawal from Travel with me 24 x 7 blog

It’s one of the most famous markets in all of the world, the bustling Grand Bazaar in Turkey’s Istanbul.

This ancient covered market, which dates back over 500 years to its initial construction in 1455, is not just famous for its heritage – it’s also one of the largest covered markets in the world, spanning 61 streets, over 4,000 shops and attracting up to 300, 000 visitors every day.

Considered one of the first shopping malls on the planet, the Grand Bazaar is a great place to shop for Turkish souvenirs and handicrafts in Istanbul . Here you can see ancient style of handicraft that date back to more medieival times, as the market was a strategic trading point between Europe and Asia. With colorful artworks on display, you can get lots in the maze of textiles, food products and jewelry, amongst the many trinkets and goods on sale.

Open daily from 9am – 7pm, the Grand Bazaar is a must-visit landmark in Istanbul.

Basilica Cistern

Did you know that under the heaving streets of Istanbul, there are hundreds of ancient cisterns, built because of insufficient water resources during the city’s dry summers? More than this, you can visit one of these incredible cisterns, beautifully constructed caverns situated far underground.

The most notable of the cisterns is the Basicila Cistern, located across the street from the Hagia Sophia, under what used to be – you guessed it – a Basliica named Ilius.

This amazing underground chamber is 143 metres long, and used to hold up to 80,000 cubic metres of water, transported to the city via aqueduct.

Nowadays the chamber isn’t filled with water, but with tourists. You can enter the cistern and walk through the cavernous location, boasting 336 soaring marble columns arranged in 12 rows of 28. It’s an astounding experience, hidden well below the streets of Istanbul, and undoubtedly one of the most interesting landmarks in all of Turkey.

Selime Monastery, Cappadocia

Explored by Lindsey from Have Clothes, Will Travel

Selime Monastery is the biggest, rock-cut monastery in Cappadocia with a cathedral-sized church. Experts believe it took more than 200 years to shape the monastery, beginning in the eighth or ninth century, and it could house around 5,000 people! It is one of the best things to do in Cappadocia and one of my favorite travel memories from this trip. 

It is a bit difficult to get to, however. You’re going to be hiking in some rather tricky spots. It is absolutely worth the workout, though! Not only is the structure itself impressive to explore, but it also offers some incredible views of Cappadocia once you hike to the top.

For Star Wars fans, this place looks like the planet Tatooine… where the Sand People live. And contrary to what you may hear around Cappadocia, Tunisia is actually where that scene of Star Wars was shot. Allegedly, George Lucas had wanted to film here in Cappadocia, but they were unable to get the proper approval to film in Turkey.

Selime Monastery is located 28 kilometers from Aksary, at the end of the Ilhara Valley. You could do a 2-hour hike from the Village of Ilhara through the valley, along the Melendiz River to get to Selime Monastery. Another option, and what I did, is to take the Green Tour day trip from Goreme to see Selime Monastery and Ilhara Valley. 

Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul

Explored by Cate from Sacred Wanderings

The Süleymaniye Mosque is an incredible, massive Mosque in Istanbul that should not be missed on your trip to Turkey. The Mosque is located on a beautiful overlook above Istanbul, making it one of the best places to get photos of the whole city spread out below.

The Süleymaniye Mosque was built in the 1500’s and for a very long time was the largest Mosque in Istanbul. This Ottoman Era Mosque is free to enter and open daily. Aside from the main Mosque itself with its huge chandeliers, you can visit the Mausoleum of Suleiman the Magnificent, a beautiful circular structure with traditional columns.

The Süleymaniye Mosque is very near the Grand Bazaar and main shopping in Istanbul, a quick walk up the hill. Nearby are many hilltop cafés allowing you to get ice cream or a drink with a view! The Mosque also has public toilets that are clean and well-maintained. The park around it is lovely if you want to stop and read a book or just relax in the shade. 

Derinkuyu and Kaymakli Underground Cities, Nevsehir Province

Explored by Heather from the Conversant Traveller

There are hundreds of underground cities in the Nevsehir Province of Turkey, formed from large caves excavated to house entire communities in times of strife, like during the Arab-Byzantine wars. The two most famous cities are Derinkuyu and Kaymakli, and visits to both can be easily incorporated into a day trip from destinations in Cappadocia like Goreme.

The cities once housed all the things needed by these communities to survive, including food and livestock. The main tunnels were closed off with heavy stone doors to prevent intruders from entering this subterranean haven, and there were wells that provided fresh water so inhabitants could survive for long periods without emerging above ground.

Derinkuyu underground city is the largest, dropping to around 200ft below ground with space for 20,000 people. Caves were on several levels connected by narrow passageways, with areas for different activities including living spaces, stables, cellars and even a wine press! Other rooms were used for schooling and a church was constructed so people could pray for deliverance.

Kaymakli was once connected to Derinkuyu by a warren of tunnels, linking the cities so information and resources could be shared. Nearly 100 passageways and interconnecting cave rooms were used as shelter from invading Muslim Arabs, Mongolians and Ottoman armies, and the city was only abandoned in 1923. The tunnels in Derinkuyu are a bit wider and less steep than those in Kaymakli, so if you want to take it easy on the knees, do take this into consideration.

So, did you love our list of must-visit monuments and iconic places in Turkey? Let us know if we’ve missed any important entries off the list, or if something in this countdown has changed by dropping us a note in the comments!

Alternatively, if you’re looking for some more legendary landmarks, you could check out some of our other landmarks pieces including:

• The best  landmarks in Italy
• A list of our favourite  landmarks in Croatia
• The 15 most famous Sri Lankan landmarks
• French landmarks you have to visit once in your lifetime
• All the most iconic  landmarks in Germany

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The Best Places to Visit in Turkey

Turkey , a land where history, nature, and culture converge in a breathtaking symphony, invites travelers to embark on a mesmerizing journey through its diverse landscapes. From the cosmopolitan allure of its vibrant cities to the tranquil embrace of secluded beaches, the ancient echoes of its historic sites, and the serenity of alpine pastures, Turkey offers a kaleidoscope of experiences that captivate the soul. Join us as we embark on a virtual tour, unveiling some of the most enchanting destinations that beckon every traveler to explore the splendor of this extraordinary country.

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As Turkey’s largest city, Istanbul is one of the first places that comes to mind with its world-famous historic sights, thriving art, gastronomy and culture scene, as well as the downright excellence of its cosmopolitan existence. Istanbul is a city like no other in the world and one that everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime.

Turkey’s capital may not be as high-energy as Istanbul, but the quieter bureaucratic city of Ankara has amazing architecture from the founding of the Republic and onward, the historic state opera and ballet, Atatürk mausoleum Anıtkabir and its historic quarter with its famous castle.

One of the most visually spectacular cities in Turkey, Mardin impresses thoroughly with its old city composed of beautifully hand carved stone houses, mosques and churches belonging to the Artukid period.

Certainly one of Turkey’s most well-known destinations, the image of hot air balloons gliding over the magical landscape of Cappadocia ’s fairy chimneys has become an icon. Underground cities, cave churches with beautiful frescoes and the earthenware potters of Avanos are all world-famous.

The coast of Turkey has been a dream for many summer vacationers and Antalya ’s beautiful landscape, where the mountains and glittering sea become one, is one of the most impressive. Exploring Antalya outside its main city is rewarded in the form of secluded bays and beaches.

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Speaking of secluded bays and beaches, the municipality of Muğla (which includes the major summer resort towns of Marmaris, Bodrum and Fethiye) has its fair share of exceptional spots to truly enjoy the confluence of sea and flora. From the secluded beaches of Mazı near Bodrum to the Kabak Bay and Butterfly Valley near Fethiye to Dalyan near Marmaris, there’s plenty to explore.

Often overlooked by travellers, Mersin is actually an exceptional destination for historic sights that are outside of the usual tourist destinations. From the Mamure Castle to the ancient city of Soli Pompeiopolis, Mersin is a dream for history enthusiasts.

Black Sea Coast

Most comparable to the Swiss terrain, the Black Sea region is a fantastic conglomeration of mountains and alpine pastures where villagers still live in nature’s simplicity. From the Kaçkar Mountains to Artvin to the Sumela Monastery , Turkey’s Black Sea region is exceptional.

One of Turkey’s most important cities for gastronomy, Gaziantep is famous for its pistachios, which also means it’s one of the prime producers of the best baklava. Of course, Gaziantep’s old town market, its amazing kebabs and the Zeugma Mosaic Museum (the world’s largest mosaic museum) are also great reasons to visit.

The former capital of the Ottoman Empire, Bursa has a long list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites that include its many külliye, mosques and bazaars, as well as the beautifully preserved village of Cumalıkızık from the early Ottoman period.

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The 50 best attractions in Turkey, from Hagia Sophia to the Grand Bazaar

Discover Turkey's wonders, from Istanbul's iconic attractions and landmarks to the must-visit destinations across the country, essential for tourists and locals alike

Turkey is a country waiting to be discovered with its history, culture and natural beauty. You have many options to plan your summer holiday, from destinations with the trio of sea, sand and sun to ancient cities and museums that reflect the rich history of Anatolia. Buckle up for a little tour with recommendations from all corners of the country!

What makes the cut? While we've not reviewed every attraction, we've based our list on reviews, editorial insight, and popularity to find you the best attractions. This article includes affiliate links. These links have no influence on our editorial content. For more information,  see our   affiliate guidelines .

Turkey’s top attractions

1.  hagia sophia, istanbul.

Two churches with the same name, where the Hagia Sophia stands today, have disappeared for different reasons. The building, commissioned by the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian in 537 BC, is one of the masterpieces of Byzantine architecture. Covering an area of 7570 square metres, the Hagia Sophia astounds with its dimensions and external appearance. Its fascinating interior draws the eye with its domes, columns and mosaics, the centrepiece of which is the vast dome that gives the impression of floating in the air. The Hagia Sophia, which was converted into a mosque with minarets after the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 and is now open for religious services, is also the source of many legends.

2.  Grand Bazaar, Istanbul

You need to take plenty of time for the Grand Bazaar. Because it is much more than just an ordinary place to shop. Almost 4000 shops and workshops in the Grand Bazaar spread over a vast area, from jewellers to carpet weavers. Even if you don't want to shop, you should visit the bazaar to experience its architecture and dynamism. There are also cafés and traditional restaurants where you can relax and watch the hustle and bustle.

3.  Anatolian Civilization Museum, Ankara

The Museum of Anatolian Civilisations is full of artefacts that shed light on the history of Anatolia from the Palaeolithic Age to the present day. Housed in two historic Ottoman buildings called Mahmutpaşa Bedesten and Kurşunlu Han, the museum was renovated in 2014 and offers a detailed insight into the history of Anatolia with artefacts arranged in chronological order. After visiting the museum, you can explore Ankara Castle and other museums in the area.

4.  Ani Ruins, Kars

The ruins of Ani, which remain from the ancient city of Ani on the Silk Road, contain religious, administrative, military and civil architectural examples from this period—located 42 km from the city centre of Kars, in the village of Ocaklı and west of the Arpaçay River, which forms the border between Turkey and Armenia. The ruins of Ani, which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, offer visitors a journey through history with massive walls, the cathedral, the mosque, the caravanserai, the bridges and the ruins of the Zoroastrian temple.

5.  Anıtkabir, Ankara

Anıtkabir, the eternal resting place of  the founder of the Republic of Turkey  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, is a modern architectural work designed by Emin Onat and Orhan Arda. It was constructed between 1944 and 1953. The Atatürk and War of Independence Museum inside tells the story of the birth of a nation. Its central location is a good starting point for exploring Ankara.

6.  Ankara Castle, Ankara

Initially founded as a garrison, Ankara Castle has become a place that bears the traces of many different civilisations over time. In Kaleiçi, the most touristy spot of the capital, there are museums such as the Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, historical mosques, and old houses of Ankara. These old houses within the castle walls have now been converted into restaurants and souvenir shops. You can sample delicious local dishes and buy traditional Turkish handicrafts.

7.  Aphrodisias, Aydın

It was not for nothing that the first Roman emperor, Augustus, described Aphrodisias as "my favourite city in Anatolia". The ancient city of Aphrodisias, dedicated to Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, fascinates its visitors with its splendour. Thanks to its proximity to marble deposits, this place was once a centre for sculpture. Almost every part of the city is made of marble. With the Temple of Aphrodite, the Agora with the swimming pool, the theatre and the 35,000-seat stadium, which is still well preserved, Aphrodisias is a fascinating discovery surrounded by natural beauty.

8.  Apollon Temple, Aydın

The Temple of Apollo in Didim, built in the Ionic style, is the third-largest temple in the world. The historic building from 600 BC, dedicated to Apollo, is similar to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus. The temple, which the Persians destroyed, was rebuilt in the times of Alexander the Great and Rome. Today, visitors are fascinated by the impressive ruins of the temple, in particular the double row of columns, the open courtyard and the snake-haired representation of Medusa, who is known as the protector of the temple.

9.  Arter Museum, Istanbul

Arter has a vital place in the Istanbul art world. Arter, organising 35 exhibitions on Istiklal Street from 2010 to 2018, moved to its new, impressive building in Dolapdere in 2019. Designed by Grimshaw Architecture, the 18,000 square metre building includes exhibition spaces, performance halls, learning and event spaces, a library, a bookshop focusing on art books and a cafe. Arter offers a wide range of contemporary art and has an international collection of more than 1400 works by around 400 artists.

10.  Aspendos, Antalya

Aspendos, one of the ancient cities of the Mediterranean, is best known for its waterways and Roman theatre, which stands out for its architectural features and well-preserved structure. Traces of the Seljuk period can be seen on the exterior façade of Aspendos, which continued to fulfil its function during the Byzantine and Seljuk periods. Music concerts and festivals still take place in the ancient theatre.

11.  Babadağ, Muğla

Babadağ in the Ölüdeniz region near Fethiye is one of Turkey's most popular paragliding spots. On this mountain, which is around 2000 metres high, there is ice on the summit all year round, so it is crucial to be equipped with warm clothing. It takes about 30 minutes to jump with a paraglider, and you can perform exciting 360-degree turns and collapse manoeuvres, either with an instructor or on your own. After jumping from Babadağ, you also have the opportunity to glide over the deep blue sea and swim in the clear waters of Ölüdeniz.

12.  Basilica Cistern, Istanbul

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, the Roman and Byzantine emperors had underground cisterns built to protect themselves from the danger of sieges of large cities and the depletion of food and drink supplies. One of the most beautiful cisterns is the Basilica Cistern, which has been reopened after an extensive and highly successful restoration. You should visit the cistern, which exudes a fascinating atmosphere thanks to the effect of darkness and water, and with some luck, even participate in the events here.

13.  Blue Mosque, Istanbul

The Sultanahmet Mosque, built by the Ottoman Emperor Ahmet I between 1609 and 1616, is known as the Blue Mosque because its interior is decorated with over 20 thousand blue and turquoise Iznik tiles. The warm days that philtre through the mosque's 260 windows create a colourful play of shades of blue. The mosque, which has magnificent architecture and a large social complex, is also known for being the only mosque in the world with six minarets.

14.  Bodrum, Muğla

Bodrum is Turkey's world-famous holiday paradise with its mild Mediterranean climate, beautiful bays, charming neighbourhoods, historical monuments, turquoise sea, rich gastronomy and lively nightlife. Bodrum, known as Halicarnassus in ancient Greece, is famous for its historical buildings, such as the old theatre from Roman times, Bodrum Castle and the Mausolus Mausoleum. Bodrum Castle, built by the Knights of St Jean, now houses the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.

15.  Bosphorus Strait, İstanbul

The Bosphorus, which stretches from Beşiktaş to Rumeli Feneri on the European side and from Paşalimanı to Anadolu Feneri on the Anatolian side, is a marvellous natural beauty that can be explored from both land and sea. If you explore the Bosphorus from the sea, you can see waterside mansions, groves and bridges. There are also neighbourhoods on both sides of the Bosphorus, such as Arnavutköy, Bebek, Emirgan, Çengelköy, Kuzguncuk and Kanlıca, all of which are different from each other and keep the unique spirit of Istanbul alive.

16.  Bozcaada, Çanakkale

At the exit of the Dardanelles, Bozcaada can be reached by ferry from Geyikli. In Bozcaada, which fascinates with its deep blue bays, you can explore the historic castle overlooking the harbour, the colourful houses and the narrow streets. Watching the sunset from the Polente lighthouse, strolling along Çayır Beach or kitesurfing and sampling local delicacies for dinner in the island's restaurants are just some things you can do in Bozcaada.

17.  Butterfly Valley, Muğla

The Butterfly Valley lies at the foot of Babadağ, at an altitude of 1975 metres, and forms a 3-4 km long gorge. The path in the valley leads to two small waterfalls that flow all year round, and a stream from the village of Faralya flows through the centre of the valley into the sea. In short, this is a fascinating natural paradise. It is an impressive experience to see millions of butterflies after a strenuous climb in the valley. The valley is a nature reserve home to more than 80 species of butterflies.

18.  Cappadocia, Nevşehir

With its rich history and unique geological structure, Cappadocia is on the UNESCO World Heritage List and offers visitors unforgettable experiences at any time of the year. Cappadocia, known as the "Land of Beautiful Horses", has a surreal appearance thanks to the fairy chimneys that nature has shaped with flames, wind and rain. People built houses, castles, and underground cities by carving these rocks. Monuments such as Göreme Open Air Museum, Tokalı Church and the Dark Church reflect this region's rich history and cultural heritage.

19.  Cağaloğlu Hamamı, Istanbul

The Cağaloğlu Hamamı, one of Istanbul's most popular hammams, owes its fame to the fact that it is one of the oldest baths in the city and is located on the historical peninsula. In the 300-year-old atmosphere, you can most classically try traditional Turkish bathing rituals and benefit from additional services such as aromatherapy massages and clay masks.

20.  Çeşme, Izmir

Çeşme, the favourite of the Aegean, has not lost its popularity for many years. This is due to the beautiful nature, the bays, the stylish marina and the great variety it offers for different holiday approaches. Alaçatı, the centre of windsurfing, is ideal for sports enthusiasts. Ilıca is perfect for families with its vast and fine sandy beach and thermal waters. Urla, on the other hand, is a quieter town, attracting attention with its historic streets, art galleries and wineries. The gastronomy scene in Çeşme and the Urla region is also very active, as the Michelin stars prove.

21.  Kuşadası, Aydın

Kuşadası is a pearl of the Aegean that fascinates its visitors with its historical and natural beauties. The Kaleiçi streets and the bazaar, built in the 16th century, are the heart of Kuşadası. The Dilek Peninsula National Park, with its natural beauties, beaches and wildlife, the Zeus Cave, which is the subject of a mythological story, the marina and the cruise harbour are among the attractions of Kuşadası. There are also many Blue Flag beaches in Kuşadası. Güzelçamlı, Kadinlar and Davutlar beaches are just a few of them.

22.  Antalya Waterfalls

Antalya attracts nature lovers with its Manavgat, Düden and Kurşunlu waterfalls, as well as its beaches. The Manavgat waterfall is an ideal excursion destination with its cold water and picnic areas. Düden Waterfall consists of two parts: The upper Düden, a tranquil piece of nature, and the lower Düden, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea and offers magnificent views. After a short walk, you can reach the Kurşunlu waterfall, hidden in the greenery.

23.  Ephesus, Izmir

Ephesus and its surroundings, on the UNESCO World Heritage List, date back to the time before Christ and have a rich history dating back to 6000 BC. Ephesus, home to the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, attracts attention with its ruins extending over a wide area. Impressive buildings such as the Celcus Library and the ancient theatre stand out in this ancient city, which attracts 1.5 million visitors a year. In addition to Ephesus, the village of Şirince is also an attractive stop for visitors with its historic houses and natural beauty.

24.  Galata and Pera, Istanbul

Galata, a Byzantine neighbourhood, gained its historical importance as a Genoese colony. The Galata and Pera regions, which have formed the western side of Istanbul with their embassies and trading centres since the 14th century, brought many 'firsts' to modern life. Galata and Pera, which became the centre of gastronomy and entertainment life over time, are still among the most popular places in the city today. A walk along the famous Istiklal Street, in particular, should take you past here and, if possible, extend to Karaköy via the Tünel.

25.  Galataport, Istanbul

Galataport, the world's first underground cruise terminal, is one of the most important cruise destinations in the Mediterranean. The Istanbul Modern and the Museum of Painting and Sculpture are also located in Galataport. There are also many shops, cafés and restaurants serving different cuisines. Architecturally designed in harmony with the historical structure of the region, Galataport offers a luxurious accommodation experience with its two hotels overlooking the Bosphorus. The approximately one-mile-long walking path is ideal for evening strolls.

26.  Göbeklitepe, Şanlıurfa

Göbeklitepe, B.C. It is an archaeological wonder dating back to 9600 BC and is considered the oldest known monumental structure in the world. Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2018, Göbeklitepe continues to offer discoveries about human history. This colossal structure shows that our ancestors, hunter-gatherers, developed a social organisation and belief system. It is fantastic that the T-shaped columns at Göbeklitepe, carved with animal reliefs and weighing up to 15 tonnes, were erected when there was no mining, agriculture, technology or writing.

27.  Göreme Open Air Museum, Nevşehir

Göreme Open Air Museum, one of the main attractions of Cappadocia, is a wonder created by nature and man together. Rock churches and monasteries reflect Byzantine art among the fairy chimneys formed by erosion in this unique place on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The churches in Göreme, which were once a centre of religious faith, especially the Dark Church and the Tokalı Church, are famous for their frescoes, which remain vivid thanks to the low light.

28.  Ihlara Valley, Nevşehir

The 120-metre-high Ihlara Valley, a striking part of Cappadocia, is a fascinating canyon created by the volcanic activity of Hasan Mountain and the Melendiz Stream. The churches in the valley are places where monastic life was characterised by the influence of important religious figures. 14 of the 105 churches, decorated with frescoes from the early days of Christianity, are open to visitors. In the valley, which attracts visitors with its nature and historical and cultural wealth, you can find healing in the Ziga thermal spring and take a breather in the village of Belisirma by the Melendiz stream.

29.  Istanbul Archeology Museums, İstanbul

The Istanbul Archaeological Museum was founded in 1869 and is the first museum in Turkey. It consists of three main sections: the Archaeological Museum, the Museum of Ancient Oriental Works and the Tile Pavilion Museum. Almost one million artefacts collected since the Ottoman period are exhibited in these museums. The Istanbul Archaeological Museums house magnificent works such as the Alexander Sarcophagus and many from the Eastern Roman, Ottoman and Anatolian civilisations.

30.  Lycian Way

The Lycian Way stretches from Fethiye to Antalya is an adventurous hiking route full of natural beauty, historical riches, steep slopes and forests. This ancient route consisted of Roman roads, old paths, and mule tracks. Along the way, you can discover natural wonders such as Kabak Bay, Cennet Bay, Butterfly Valley and ancient cities such as Patara, Kekova and Olympos. You can swim in unspoilt bays on the Lycian Way and stay in local accommodations or tents.

31.  Kaleiçi, Antalya

Kaleiçi, the historical centre of Antalya, whose history stretches from the Hellenistic to the Ottoman period, is a walled quarter full of pretty hotels, historical artefacts, boutiques, souvenir shops, stylish cafés and restaurants. Entered through Hadrian's Gate from the Roman period, this region is home to historic buildings such as the Yivli Minaret complex from the Seljuk period. The Hıdırlık Tower, the Karatay Madrasa and the Karaalioğlu Park are ideal stops for exploring Kaleiçi.

32.  Knidos, Muğla

The ancient city of Knidos lies at the tip of the Datça peninsula, where the Aegean and the Mediterranean meet. It was the site of many civilisations, such as the Carians, Lydians, Persians, Romans and Byzantines, and its history dates back to 2000 BC. Knidos was a pivotal centre in science, art and architecture, best known for Praxiteles' famous statue of Aphrodite of Knidos. Today, visitors can see impressive ruins such as the circular temple of Aphrodite, floor mosaics and a theatre overlooking the sea. The marvellous view of the sunset from Knidos is an unforgettable experience.

33.  Mardin Old Town

Mystical and fascinating Mardin has so much to offer its guests! The ancient city of Dara is one of Mesopotamia's most magnificent ancient settlements. Midyat, an essential centre of the Assyrians, fascinates with its historic stone houses, churches and monasteries. The Mor Gabriel Monastery is the world's oldest preserved Syrian Orthodox monastery. The Deyrul Zafaran Monastery, built in the 5th century, served as the centre of the patriarchate for 640 years. The Mardin Museum exhibits artefacts from the ancient Bronze Age to the Ottoman period and is also impressive.

34.  Meşher Museum, Istanbul

With works from various disciplines, Meşher supports dialogue across time and cultures through events such as publications, workshops, conferences and exhibitions. With its wide range of national and international collaborations, Meşher creates an inspiring platform, especially with the exhibitions organised in-house. Meşher is located in a historic building on Istiklal Street and takes its name from the Ottoman word for "exhibition venue".

35.  Mevlana Museum

As the capital of the Seljuks, Konya became one of the most important cultural centres in the 12th and 13th centuries. During this time, Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi founded the Sufi order, known in the West for its philosophy based on tolerance and love. Mevlana's green-tiled mausoleum and the old dervish school now serve as a museum, displaying Mevlana's works and exciting objects, such as dervish huts and valuable manuscripts. The Şeb-i Arus ceremony, which takes place every year in December to commemorate Mevlana, attracts attention with the impressive performances of the whirling dervishes.

36.  Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman

Nemrut Mountain in the Kahta district of Adıyaman lies at an altitude of 2,206 metres. It is home to monumental tombs and statues, among the most impressive ruins of the Hellenistic period. The giant, 8-10 metre high statues that King Antiochus I of Commagene dedicated to the gods and ancestors are awe-inspiring. On the east terrace are statues of kings and gods looking towards the sun, while on the west terrace, there are reliefs shaking hands with the gods and a lion relief with the oldest astrological calendar in the world.

37.  Mount Palandöken, Erzurum

Palandöken Ski Centre is one of Turkey's leading winter sports centres near Erzurum, with a 5-month ski season and night skiing opportunities. Palandöken, which has slopes registered by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation, attracts attention with its snow quality. Some of the 55 ski slopes with a total length of 71 km, spread over 70 km x 25 km, are among the longest and steepest slopes in the world. 5.6 km of these slopes are floodlit for night skiing.

38.  Mount Uludağ, Bursa

Located in the south-west of Bursa, Uludağ is one of Turkey's most important winter sports centres. Uludağ declared a national park in 1961, attracts attention with its rich flora and fauna. Uludağ is famous for winter tourism, trekking, and camping, offering suitable alternatives for everyone with its rich facilities. The ski area in Uludağ, which can be reached by road and cable car, is between 1,750 and 2,543 metres and offers ideal skiing conditions between December and March.

39.  Pamukkale, Denizli

Pamukkale's snow-white travertines and thermal waters have been attracting people searching for health and beauty since Roman times. These marvellous white travertines come into contact with oxygen and form terraced pools that resemble a frozen waterfall. Swimming in the ancient basin, also known as the Cleopatra Basin, in Pamukkale, much of which is a protected area, is a unique experience. When in Pamukkale, explore the ancient city of Hierapolis, a healing centre throughout history.

40.  Pergamon, Izmir

About an hour from Izmir, the ancient Pergamon was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014. It was conquered by Alexander the Great after Persian rule and before Christ. Pergamon, which had its heyday in the 2nd century, was home to the most extensive library in Anatolia and impressive sculptures. Described by Pliny Secundus as "the most famous and splendid city in Asia Minor", Pergamon has essential buildings such as the Temple of Athena, the Temple of Traian, the Pergamon Library and the Altar of Zeus. The ancient city is also known for its architectural achievements, such as the 10,000-seat theatre and the water pipeline built in Hellenistic times.

41.  Princes’ Islands, Istanbul

The Princes' Islands, which consist of Kınalıada, Burgazada, Heybeliada and Büyükada, depending on the arrival from Istanbul, were the summer resort of Istanbul for many years. Even though there are settlements today, the islands are still favourite places for many Istanbul residents and tourists to escape the city, relax, and swim in the sea during summer. Exploring the islands' unique beauty by bike or on foot and eating in beach restaurants in the evening is a must.

42.  Safranbolu, Karabük

This enchanting district, under protection since 1975 and added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994, takes its name from the rare saffron plant that grows in the region. Safranbolu is home to the finest examples of Ottoman architecture from the 18th and 19th centuries. It takes its visitors through time with its castles, baths, bazaars and inns. Looking at the city from Hıdırlık Hill, you will be amazed by the beauty of Safranbolu's houses. The Museum of City History, the Yemeniciler Arasta, the Clock Tower, the Cinci Inn and Bath, the Turkish Coffee Museum and the Demirciler Bazaar should be on your list of places to visit.

43.  Saklikent National Park, Muğla

Saklıkent National Park is home to one of the deepest canyons in the world, with a depth of 300 metres and a length of 18 km. Rumour has it that Saklıkent Canyon was discovered in the 1980s when a shepherd went after his goat that had escaped. As you hike through the canyon, you can cool off in the cold water, sit on wooden platforms and eat pancakes or alanlık. You can also participate in activities such as rafting for more adrenaline.

44.  Sultanahmet District, Istanbul

Located at the western end of the historical peninsula and known as Sultanahmet Square, the area is the oldest in Istanbul. The region has a rich historical heritage and has been the centre of powerful empires. Istanbul's most famous historical buildings, from Hagia Sophia to the Blue Mosque, from Topkapı Palace to the Cistern Basilica, are located in this region. Naturally, the city is therefore crowded and lively in all four seasons.

45.  Sumela Monastery, Trabzon

The Sumela Monastery is located 1200 metres above sea level on cliffs in the impressive natural surroundings of the Altındere Valley in the Maçka district of Trabzon and is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. According to legend, the monastery, whose history began with a dream of two priests in the 4th century, was built by Trabzon Komnenos III. It took on its present splendid form during the reign of Alexios. After the danger of a rockfall in 2015, the monastery was carefully restored for four years. Today, it is protected by steel nets and continues to welcome visitors.

46.  Topkapi Palace, Istanbul

You will need at least half a day to fully explore the Topkapı Palace, which was the centre of the Ottoman dynasty for around 400 years. This is because many works are on display in the museum, which covers an extensive area. These works include a wealth of variety, from kitchen utensils from the palace, porcelain and glassware to weapons, manuscripts, and miniatures. You can also visit the harem, part of which is open to visitors.

47.  Troy, Çanakkale

The ancient city of Troy, which has a strategic location for controlling trade between the Aegean and the Black Sea, with its historical layers dating back to 3000 BC, is located at Mount Ida in Çanakkale. Troy, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998, is famous for the Trojan Horse and Homer's Iliad. Opened in 2018, the Troy Museum has a 3,000 m2 exhibition hall and 11,200 m2 of enclosed space. Enriched with interactive screens and animations, the museum displays various layers of Troy, statues, tombstones and stage animations. Stone artefacts, sarcophagi and columns can also be seen in the museum garden.

48.  Turkish Riviera

Welcome to the Turkish Riviera, where you can enjoy the Mediterranean climate and almost 300 days of sunshine a year! This fascinating region awaits you with 1000 kilometres of coastline, lush pine and cedar forests, fine sandy beaches and clear turquoise sea. The Turkish Riviera is full of resorts and comfortable accommodations that appeal to all types of travellers. Exploring this place by yacht is an entirely different experience. In addition to the sea, sand and sun, you can enjoy an active holiday with water sports, golf, hiking trails and cycling tours—Savour Mediterranean cuisine with fresh fish and olive oil delicacies.

49.  The Black Sea region plateaus

The marvellous highlands of the Black Sea are a great refuge for those who want to escape the stress of city life and relax in the lap of nature. These plateaus, which take on a different beauty every season, fascinate with the marvellous harmony of the deep blue sky and the clean air. The green Çambaşı and Thursday plateaus in Ordu, the Kuembet and Bektaş plateaus in Giresun and the Maçka-Şolma and Erikbeli plateaus in Trabzon stand out with their lush vegetation. The Ayder Plateau in Rize is a paradise surrounded by spruce forests at the foot of the Kaçkar Mountains. The Kaçkar and Kafkasör plateaus in Artvin are ideal for nature sports and wildlife spotting.

50.  Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep

The Zeugma Mosaic Museum, which exhibits colourful mosaics from the ancient city of Zeugma and works from the Roman period, is one of the largest mosaic museums in the world. The most famous work in the museum, which opened in 2011 and covers an area of 30,000 square metres, is the 'Gypsy Girl Mosaic'. Interactive exhibitions enrich the museum experience.

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14 of the best places to visit in Turkey

Whether you want to visit turkey’s cities such as culturally rich istanbul and liberal izmir, or watch hot-air balloons drift over cappadocia — these are the best places to visit.

H olidays to Turkey usually involve city breaks in Istanbul or a resort stay on its dazzling Aegean or Mediterranean coasts. But this vast country — more than twice the size of Germany — has many more treasures waiting for the intrepid traveller. Why not try skiing in the Uludag mountains, a soak in the mineral springs near Pamukkale, or sleep in a cave hotel in Cappadocia before soaring over its ethereal landscape in a hot air balloon? Whether you have a week, two weeks or even longer, Turkey has a delicious and culture-rich option for you. And for the budget-conscious, the weak lira means holidays here often offer incredible value. Here are some of the best places to visit in Turkey for your next break.

This article contains affiliate links, which may earn us revenue .

If you only have . . .

One week Spend a couple of nights in Istanbul then head down to the Aegean coast for history and beaches in Kusadasi or Izmir, and then inland for thermal springs in Pamukkale

Two weeks Take in both the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts either on a cruise or fly drive. For history buffs, there are countless archaeological sites to keep you busy

Three weeks Do a grand tour that loops from Istanbul down the Aegean coast, east along the Mediterranean and then up to Cappadocia. Fly back or stop via Ankara

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With its Armenian roots and heavy stone architecture, Turkey ’s easternmost city feels more like a Caucasian place than an Anatolian one. Kars is the last stop on the Eastern Express — a 24 to 32-hour train ride starting in Ankara — taking you through the stunning wilderness of the Turkish interior. Cabins are basic but clean and comfortable, the restaurant car is decent, and tickets are a bargain. Once you’re there, visit the ancient Armenian churches, some of them ruins, others converted into mosques, and climb up to Kars castle for a panoramic view out from the old fortifications.

Make it happen

Hotel Katerina Sarayi is housed in a Russian building commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II

You’ll be based in Kars for two nights and visit the surrounding regions on a six-day Land of Ararat tour with Fez Travel

2. Black Sea

Turkey’s northern coast misses out to the Aegean and the Med, but there is a cottage holiday industry here catering to surfers, ecotourists and Gulf Arabs who come to its cool green mountains for an escape from their desert summers. If you are a confident driver, hire a car and take a trip on the sometimes alarming roads along the coast. If not, with a base in Rize, the heart of the tea-growing region, or historic Trabzon or Samsun, you can visit ancient Christian monasteries, verdant mountain villages and lively port towns.

Abant Aden is a boutique eco resort in the green hills of Bolu

Wild Frontiers offers an 11-day Turkey: From The Black Sea to The Golden Horn tour that starts from Trabzon

3. Istanbul’s Bosphorus strait

Pretty much any form of public transport that takes you from one side of Istanbul to the other will mesmerise you, be it the genteel passenger ferry with its tea stall and open decks, or the dolmus, the stuffed public minibus that weaves hair-raisingly through the traffic over the bridge. The strait is 550m across at its narrowest point, and the vistas from the middle are incredible; taking in palaces, shanty towns, mosques, skyscrapers, ports and islands. Sunset is the best time to see the historic peninsula from the water, when the sun sinks directly behind the domes of Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque.

Sumahan on the Water is Istanbul’s boutique seaside hotel

Add a Bosphorus cruise to your Istanbul stay — Velena Travel offers a classic sunset sailing on a luxury yacht

Located 130 miles south of Istanbul, near the city of Bursa, Uludag Mountain has a mythological significance as it was believed to be a vantage point for the ancient gods during the Trojan War. Today, from December to March, it serves as Turkey’s premier ski destination, catering to a wide range of preferences from boozy all-inclusives to halal-friendly resorts. The mountain boasts 22 lifts and offers runs suitable for all skill levels, in addition to ski courses and equipment rental. It has become a favoured spot for Istanbullus to celebrate the New Year, and hosts music festivals in both winter and summer.

Monte Baia Uludag is all-inclusive and in the middle of 9,000m of slopes

Tourigy offers day trips to Uludag from Istanbul that include hotel pick up and cable car ride

5. Cappadocia

This enchanted landscape of rocky outcrops known as “fairy chimneys” is the perfect place to spend a romantic weekend outdoors. In the Cappadocia national park you can hike, horse ride and float over the 1,000m-high plateau in the middle of Anatolia. This city of cave houses was first settled by Christians in the sixth century, and lives on today with cosy boutique hotels built inside the ancient rocks. Indulge in the classic Cappadocia experience — a hot air balloon ride at dawn.

Seraphim cave hotel is a historic mansion set over an acre of fairy chimneys

BellaTurca Travel offers a two-day all inclusive Cappadocia tour from Istanbul with an overnight stay in a cave hotel and an optional hot air balloon ride

This quaint town is the jumping-off point for some of the most beautiful scenery along the Turquoise Coast, including the famed Blue Lagoon — a round inlet of crystal seas ringed with perfect sand. You can paraglide from the nearby Babadag mountain to enjoy a bird’s-eye vista of the coastline, and take boat trips out to bays that are only accessible from the water. Fethiye is also a starting point for the Lycian Way, a 300-mile hiking trail along the coast that is dotted with family-run pensions and cafés, but you can also camp along the way.

Ece Saray Hotel is in Fethiye’s glittering marina

The 13-day the Aegean Legacy tour from Encounters Travel includes a short gulet cruise from Fethiye

Turkey’s modern capital, Ankara, often finds itself in the shadow of Istanbul — the historic heart of the Ottoman Empire and still the country’s largest city, both in population and cultural influence. While it can’t rival Istanbul in history or size, Ankara is still worth a weekend visit. The atmosphere is far calmer, there are elegant parks and broad pavements, and it’s the place to learn more about Turkey’s republican history. The most famous monument is Anitkabir, the mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s founder and first president, which also incorporates a museum and collection of neoclassical monuments.

Hotel Ickale offers classic luxury with a front-row view of Anitkabir

See both Istanbul and Ankara on a 14-day Turkish Delight tour from Globus

• Best luxury villas in Turkey to book now • Best all-inclusive hotels in Turkey for a break in the sun

8. Istanbul’s ancient shopping centre

The weak lira makes Turkey the ideal place to pick up a bargain, and if you know where to look there is great artisanship going on. Peruse Istanbul’s famous Grand Bazaar — said to be the world’s oldest shopping centre and certainly its most atmospheric. Stick to the antiques and leather sections if you’re actually looking for something to buy — for rugs, lamps and the other classic Turkish souvenirs, seek out smaller shops away from the tourist areas where you’ll find genuine products and lower prices. There are also lots of independent art galleries in upmarket neighbourhoods such as Nisantasi and Kadikoy on the Asian side, selling reasonably priced originals by Turkish, Iranian and Syrian artists.

Innova Sultanahmet is an opulent stay a stone’s throw from the Grand Bazaar

City Unscripted has a three-hour private shopping experience that takes you to local artisans in Istanbul, including at the Grand Bazaar

The gaudy heart of Turkey’s package tourism industry is also the gateway to some of Turkey’s most stunning natural beauty. Grab a hire car and head out of the city to find national parks, protected coastlines and species, and a burgeoning ecotourism sector. Kas, a coastal town 120 miles southwest of Antalya , has become a popular destination for middle-class Turks who come for the quaint old hotels and the villagey vibe. In Cirali, 40 miles to the south of the city, you’ll find a boho vibe with treehouse hotels and the ancient ruins of Olympos on an emerald green stretch of the coast.

Olympos Lodge is a chalet getaway with a luxury-eco vibe

Utracks offers a fully guided eight-day walk along the Lycian Way that departs from and returns to Antalya, and includes a visit to Cirali

Turkey’s most liberal city — and proudly so — Izmir’s unique vibe is flavoured by its young population, many of them students, its multicultural history and its relationship with the sea. Most of the beautiful old city was sadly destroyed during Turkey’s war of independence in 1922, but with its wide boulevards, palm trees and lively pavements packed with fish restaurants and bars, it’s still an easy place to fall in love with. Come in the spring before the weather gets too stifling and stay in one of the old courtyard houses that have been converted into boutique hotels.

Lagora Old Town Hotel has cosy rooms set around a 300-year-old courtyard

The ten-day Wonders of Turkey Luxury Tour from Ciconia Exclusive Journeys includes an overnight stay in Izmir

ciconiatravel.com

11. Pamukkale

Pamukkale — meaning “cotton castle” — is best known for the sparkling white terraces that have formed over thousands of years from calcium-heavy mineral springs cascading over a cliff. There are still hot springs in the area for those looking for a spa break. Unesco has listed it as a heritage site along with nearby Hierapolis, an incredibly well preserved ancient spa city with a Roman theatre. You can visit both sites in one day, although it can feel a bit rushed. Best to stay overnight and enjoy the benefits of the mineral springs too.

Hierapark Thermal & Spa Hotel Deluxe has indoor and outdoor thermal pools and is just 2.5 miles from Pamukkale

The seven-day Aegean Explorer tour from On The Go Tours includes a visit to Pamukkale and Hierapolis, with optional thermal spring experience

12. Kusadasi

Best known for its beautiful beaches with clear blue waters, Kusadasi is ideal for a fly-and-flop break in Turkey. But while its natural beauty is its obvious draw, it’s also the gateway to Ephesus ancient city — considered one of the most well-preserved archaeological sites in the world. Highlights here include the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Great Theatre. There’s also the islet of Guvercinada, or Pigeon Island, which is dominated by a 14th century fortress. There’s no need to charter a boat though — it’s connected to the mainland via a causeway.

Charisma De Luxe Hotel sits in front of a 60m private beach with sweeping views of the Aegean sea

The eight-day Taste of Turkey tour from Encounters Travel includes an overnight stay in Kusadasi and a visit to Ephesus

• Best hotels with waterparks in Turkey • Best hotels with swim-up rooms in Turkey

13. East Thrace

Wine has much improved in Turkey over the past few years, largely thanks to a clutch of cutting-edge wineries that are bringing viniculture back to Asia Minor. You can eat, drink and wander the vineyards at several of these in the East Thrace region, an easy day trip from Istanbul. Further south, there are a number of other open vineyards, many growing the Narinca variety, around the Aegean and Mediterranean coast. Several great wine houses back in Istanbul offer extensive local wine lists, served up with cheese and meat platters.

Bakucha Vineyard Hotel offers up luxurious cool with local food and — of course — great wine

Fez Travel has a full-day wine tour from Istanbul that includes lunch and visits to three different wineries

In Turkey, private sailing is not just for the rich and famous: you can get the private yacht experience on a modest budget. Gather enough friends and you can affordably hire a gulet — a traditional sail boat — with crew for several days of sailing around the coves, islands and beaches of this idyllic part of the Mediterranean coast. While Gocek is the hub for Turkey’s gulet tours, there are fishing villages all along the western coast where you will find mariners willing to take you out for a few hours. In Istanbul and other coastal towns, you can hire motor boats to take you out for the day.

Six can sail in luxury on the Gulet Serenity

guletbookers.com/gulet-serenity-70

Encounters Travel offers an eight-day Fethiye and Gocek gulet cruise that visits secluded bays and quiet islands

• Best beaches near Istanbul • Best hotels in Istanbul

Additional reporting by Qin Xie.

Take me there

Inspired to visit Turkey but yet to book your trip? Here are the best packages from Tui Holidays and BA Holidays . Here’s a selection of some of the best Turkey tours from our Times Travel partners . And if you’re still unsure of where you want to go or what type of holiday to book, get in touch here and one of the Designer Travel experts will be in contact to help you arrange your perfect tailor-made break.

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