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Top 12 Career Options in the Tourism Industry: A Detailed Guide

The tourism industry is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing sectors. This industry significantly contributes to the global economy and promotes cultural exchanges through tourism activities. It offers many career opportunities for both newcomers and experienced professionals. The job market in this sector has expanded beyond traditional roles, such as tour managers and travel booking executives. Today, it includes various jobs in travel, hospitality, and event management domains. Pursuing jobs in the tourism field can be both rewarding and challenging. By understanding the diverse opportunities available, you can make an informed decision about which career path best suits your skills and interests. In this blog, we will explore the top career options in the tourism industry, highlighting the key aspects of each role that can benefit your entrance journey into this field.

Table of Contents

List of Career Options in the Tourism Industry with Salary

Exploring the various career opportunities in the tourism industry can open up a world of possibilities for you across various roles. Here are the twelve most exciting career paths in the tourism sector that cater to a wide range of interests and skills.

1. Travel Agent

Travel agents have the most sought-after jobs in the tourism field. They offer assistance to clients in planning their travel itineraries, including booking flights, accommodations, and activities. They provide valuable advice on destinations, travel requirements, and budgeting, ensuring a seamless travel experience for their clients. 

With the rise of online booking platforms, travel agents also offer personalized services and insider knowledge that can enhance a traveler’s journey. Travel agents often build relationships with suppliers and stay updated on the latest travel deals and trends.

i. Key Responsibilities

Here are the key responsibilities of a travel agent:

• Researching new travel trends and destinations.
• Creating personalized travel itineraries.
• Coordinating travel arrangements with suppliers.
• Staying up-to-date with industry news and updates.
• Managing client relationships through regular communication.
• Continuously improving knowledge of destinations and travel options.

ii. Skills Required

The skills required to pursue travel agent jobs are:

• Ability to utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to research and analyze travel routes, distances, and destinations.
• Proficiency in using travel industry software, such as Amadeus , Sabre , or Galileo to book flights, hotels, and other travel arrangements.
• Knowledge of cultural awareness and sensitivity to understand and respect different cultures, customs, and traditions to provide personalized travel recommendations.
• Skill to prioritize tasks, manage multiple bookings, and meet deadlines to ensure smooth travel arrangements using tools like Trello or Asana.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: MakeMyTrip, Cleartrip, Cox & Kings, SOTC Travel

iv. Average Salary Range: ₹2 LPA – ₹5 LPA

2. Tour Operator

Tour operators organize and coordinate tours, handling all logistics such as transportation, accommodation, and activities. They work with travel agencies, hotels, and local guides to create comprehensive travel packages. A successful tour operator manages multiple aspects of a tour, ensuring everything runs smoothly. Adaptability and resourcefulness are crucial for such jobs as unforeseen circumstances can arise. 

Here are the key responsibilities of a tour operator:

• Designing and developing new tour packages.
• Conducting risk assessments and contingency planning.
• Leading and managing tour groups.
• Building relationships with local tour guides and vendors.
• Monitoring and controlling tour expenses.
• Collecting and analyzing feedback from tour participants.

The skills required to pursue tour operator jobs are:

• Ability to design and develop customized tour itineraries using software like Moonstride or TourMaster .
• Knowledge of risk management and crisis response to ensure tour group safety and well-being.
• Skill in negotiating contracts and managing relationships with local vendors and suppliers.
• Ability to manage tour finances, track expenses, and ensure profitability using accounting software like Tally .

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Thomas Cook India, Travelocity, TUI India, Club Mahindra Holidays

iv. Average Salary Range: ₹3 LPA – ₹6 LPA

3. Hotel Manager

Hotel managers oversee the daily operations of hotels, ensuring that guests have a pleasant stay. Their responsibilities include managing staff, maintaining facilities, handling budgets, and ensuring excellent customer service. A career as a hotel manager involves solving problems efficiently and understanding financial management. Hotel managers often have a background in hospitality or business management and are responsible for handling customer complaints gracefully. i. Key Responsibilities

Here are the key responsibilities of a hotel manager:

• Developing and implementing hotel policies and procedures.
• Conducting performance evaluations and coaching staff.
• Managing hotel finances and budgeting.
• Ensuring compliance with safety and security regulations.
• Developing marketing strategies to attract new customers.
• Collaborating with other departments to improve hotel operations.

The skills required to pursue hotel manager jobs are:

• Proficiency in using Property Management Systems (PMS) like Opera or Fidelio to manage room inventory, reservations, and guest services.
• Knowledge of Excel , revenue management, and yield analysis to optimize hotel revenue and occupancy.
• Ability to recruit, train, and manage hotel staff using human resources software like Workday or BambooHR .
• Skill to ensure hotel facilities are maintained and repaired using computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS).

iii. Top Hiring Companies: The Taj Group, The Oberoi Group, ITC Hotels, Marriott International

iv. Average Salary Range:  ₹4 LPA – ₹8 LPA

4. Event Coordinator

Event coordinators have one of the best career opportunities in the tourism industry. They plan and execute events such as conferences, weddings, and festivals. They handle all aspects of event planning, from budgeting and venue selection to coordinating vendors and managing schedules. To have a successful as an event coordinator role, you will require excellent organizational skills and creativity. Networking is crucial in this field, as building a reliable roster of vendors and partners makes event planning more efficient. 

Here are the key responsibilities of an event coordinator:

• Coordinating with vendors and suppliers for event services.
• Creating detailed event timelines and schedules.
• Managing event budgets and ensuring cost-effectiveness.
• Conducting site visits to ensure event venues meet requirements.
• Coordinating with event staff and volunteers.
• Evaluating event success and identifying areas for improvement.

The skills required to pursue event coordinator jobs are:

• Ability to use event-related platforms like Eventbrite or Cvent to manage event logistics, registrations, and ticketing.
• Skill to create and manage event timelines, schedules, and deadlines using tools like Microsoft Project or Asana.
• Knowledge of budgeting and cost control to ensure event expenses are tracked and stay within budget.
• Ability to coordinate with vendors, suppliers, and stakeholders using communication tools like Slack.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, ITC Maurya, The Leela Palaces & Hotels, Wizcraft

iv. Average Salary Range:  ₹3 LPA – ₹5.5 LPA

5. Hospitality Sales Manager

Hospitality sales managers are responsible for promoting and selling a hotel’s services, including rooms, events, and dining. They are involved in developing marketing strategies, building a client base, and working to achieve sales targets. 

By understanding customer requirements and market trends, a hospitality sales manager develops strategic plans to increase revenue for hospitality businesses. Ultimately, their goal is to position their property as the preferred choice among travelers and event planners. It is considered to be among the top options for pursuing a career in travel and tourism.

Here are the key responsibilities of a hospitality sales manager:

• Developing sales strategies to target new clients.
• Conducting sales calls and presentations.
• Building relationships with key decision-makers.
• Negotiating contracts and closing sales deals.
• Managing sales team performance and providing coaching.
• Staying up-to-date with industry trends and competitor activity.

The skills required to pursue hospitality sales manager jobs are:

• Ability to develop sales strategies and plans to target new clients and increase revenue.
• Knowledge of sales initiatives and effective management to build and maintain good relationships with clients.
• Skill in preparing contracts and closing sales deals using negotiation techniques and tools.
• Ability to analyze sales data and performance metrics effectively.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Hilton Worldwide, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, Radisson Hotel Group, InterContinental Hotels Group

iv. Average Salary Range:  ₹3.5 LPA – ₹8 LPA

6. Tourism Marketing Specialist

Tourism marketing specialist is another good job in the tourism field. They create and implement marketing campaigns to promote destinations and travel services. They use various platforms, including social media, websites, and print media, to reach potential travelers. 

This role requires creativity and an understanding of marketing principles. Being adept at digital marketing tools and strategies is increasingly important in this role. By staying up-to-date with industry trends and consumer behavior, they create effective marketing strategies to reach target audiences and increase tourism revenue. 

Here are the key responsibilities of a tourism marketing specialist:

• Researching target audience preferences and behaviors.
• Creating social media marketing campaigns.
• Collaborating with influencers and content creators.
• Managing and optimizing marketing budgets.
• Analyzing marketing metrics and campaign performance.
• Staying up-to-date with the latest digital marketing trends.

The skills required to pursue tourism marketing specialist jobs are:

• Ability to create and implement digital marketing and social media campaigns using software like Hootsuite or Sprout Social.
• Knowledge of content creation and writing for various marketing channels like social media, blogs, and websites.
• Skill to conduct market research and analyze data using tools like Google Analytics .
• Ability to develop and maintain brand identities, logos, and messaging using design software.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Ministry of Tourism (Government of India), Clarks, DDB Mudra, Ogilvy

7. Travel Blogger

Travel bloggers share their travel experiences, tips, and reviews through blogs and social media platforms. They offer informative and engaging content, including written accounts, photographs, and videos, to educate and inform audiences about various travel destinations. They often collaborate with brands and tourism boards to promote travel destinations. 

Their job entails researching and exploring various locations, activities, and attractions, and presenting their findings in a compelling and accessible manner. By sharing their expertise and insights, travel bloggers facilitate informed decision-making for travelers and promote cultural understanding. Having a loyal audience through consistent, high-quality content is necessary to become a travel blogger. 

Here are the key responsibilities of a travel blogger:

• Researching and planning travel itineraries.
• Writing engaging blog posts and creating content.
• Taking high-quality photos and videos.
• Managing social media channels and promoting blog content.
• Engaging with readers and responding to comments.
• Collaborating with brands and tourism boards on sponsored content.

The skills required to pursue travel blogger jobs are:

• Expert-level training in a WordPress course , video editing course, and photography course is an advantage. 
• Ability to write engaging and informative blog posts about travel experiences using content management systems (CMS) like WordPress.
• Knowledge of photography and videography to capture high-quality visual content.
• Skill in managing social media channels and promoting blog content using social media software like Buffer or Sprout Social.
• Ability to optimize blog posts for search engines using SEO tools like Yoast or Ahrefs.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: The North Face, Decathlon, Wildcraft, Uttar Pradesh Tourism

v. Average Salary Range:  ₹2.5 LPA – ₹8 LPA

8. Destination Manager

Destination managers develop and implement strategies to promote specific travel destinations. They also work with local businesses, tourism boards, and government agencies to enhance the attractiveness of a destination. 

Their work involves staying updated with industry trends, visitor requirements, and community concerns, ensuring the destination remains vibrant and attracts more travelers to increase revenue for associated businesses. Moreover, they identify opportunities to improve infrastructure, services, and attractions, ultimately enhancing the reputation and competitiveness of a destination. 

Here are the key responsibilities of a destination manager:

• Developing and implementing destination marketing strategies.
• Conducting stakeholder engagement and research.
• Managing destination budgets and resources.
• Collaborating with local businesses to develop new tourism products.
• Monitoring and analyzing destination performance metrics.
• Staying up-to-date with global tourism trends and best practices.

The skills required to pursue destination manager jobs are:

• Ability to develop and implement destination marketing strategies.
• Knowledge of stakeholder engagement and collaboration to work with local businesses and communities.
• Skill to develop new and innovative tourism products and services using product development software.
• Ability to analyze destination performance metrics and data using business intelligence software like Tableau .

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Trident, Tathastu Resorts, The Lodhi, Trekkers of India

iv. Average Salary Range: ₹4 LPA – ₹9 LPA

9. Adventure Tour Guide

Adventure tour guides have one of the most interesting career opportunities in travel and tourism. They lead groups on outdoor activities such as hiking, rafting, and wildlife safaris. They ensure the safety and enjoyment of participants while providing information about the local environment and culture. 

This job role requires a passion for the outdoors and specialized training in adventure activities. The ultimate goal for adventure tour guides is to create a safe, memorable, and enriching experience for travelers while promoting responsible tourism and environmental awareness.

Here are the key responsibilities of an adventure tour guide:

• Planning and preparing adventure tour itineraries.
• Assisting tour groups and ensuring participant safety.
• Providing expert knowledge on outdoor activities and the local environment.
• Managing emergencies and providing first aid.
• Coordinating with local vendors and suppliers.
• Continuously improving knowledge of outdoor activities and safety procedures.

The skills required to pursue adventure tour guide jobs are:

• Ability to lead groups in outdoor settings and provide guidance on outdoor activities like hiking, camping, or kayaking.
• Knowledge of wilderness first aid and emergency response to ensure participant safety.
• Skill to educate participants about local environments, ecosystems, and conservation practices.
• Ability to manage group dynamics and resolve conflicts using communication and interpersonal skills.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Himalayan Odyssey, Indus Travels, Kipling Campers

iv. Average Salary Range: ₹3 LPA – ₹8 LPA

10. Hospitality Consultant

Being a hospitality consultant is a highly lucrative career option. Hospitality consultants advise hotels, restaurants, and other hospitality businesses on improving their operations and profitability. 

They analyze current practices, identify areas for improvement, and recommend solutions. Through their expertise, they assist their travel business clients to elevate their guest experience, improve profitability, and stay ahead in a competitive travel industry.

Here are the key responsibilities of a hospitality consultant:

• Conducting on-site assessments of hospitality businesses.
• Developing and implementing strategic plans.
• Providing coaching and training to hospitality staff.
• Analyzing financial data and identifying opportunities.
• Conducting market research and staying up-to-date with industry trends.
• Developing and presenting reports to clients.

The skills required to pursue hospitality consultant jobs are:

• Ability to analyze hospitality businesses and identify areas for improvement using business analysis software like SWOT.
• Knowledge of financial management and budgeting to develop strategic plans and recommendations for businesses in the travel industry.
• Familiarity with hospitality software and technology, such as property management systems (PMS) and point-of-sale (POS) systems.
• Ability to conduct market research and stay up-to-date with industry trends with knowledge of hospitality industry standards and certifications, such as Forbes Travel Guide.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: HVS (Hotel Valuation Services), Horwath HTL, Trip Advisor

iv. Average Salary Range:  ₹4 LPA – ₹9 LPA

11. Resort Operations Manager

A resort operations manager is responsible for the overall management of a resort, ensuring that all departments work together to provide an exceptional guest experience. They oversee the day-to-day operations, including guest services, facilities, and staff, to create a seamless and enjoyable stay. 

By proactively identifying and resolving potential issues, they maintain a high level of quality in customer experience at resorts. Additionally, they manage budgets and financial resources to drive success and growth for resorts. They are required to deliver a memorable and satisfying experience for guests while also ensuring the overall efficiency and profitability of resorts.

Here are the key responsibilities of a resort operations manager:

• Overseeing resort maintenance and repair operations.
• Managing resort finances and budgeting.
• Developing and implementing resort policies and procedures.
• Coordinating with other departments to improve resort operations.
• Conducting performance evaluations and providing coaching to staff.

The skills required to pursue resort operations manager jobs are:

• Ability to oversee resort maintenance and repair operations using computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS).
• Knowledge of financial management and budgeting to manage resort finances and ensure profitability.
• Skill to recruit, train, and manage resort staff using human resources software.
• Ability to ensure resort facilities are safe and secure using security tools and software.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Sea Shell Resorts, Taj Corbett Resort and Spa, Lemon Tree Premier, The Source

12. Catering Manager

A catering manager oversees the planning and delivery of exceptional catering experiences for events and venues. They collaborate with clients to offer customized menus and manage the catering team to ensure good food quality and service. Their primary focus is on creating good experiences relating to food that exceed client expectations. They work closely with clients and lead the catering team to ensure the effective execution of food and catering-related services.

Here are the key responsibilities of a catering manager:

• Developing and implementing catering menus and services.
• Managing catering staff and logistics.
• Ensuring food safety and quality standards.
• Conducting site visits to ensure catering operations meet requirements.
• Managing catering budgets and ensuring cost-effectiveness.
• Coordinating with clients to understand their catering needs and preferences.

The skills required to pursue catering manager jobs are:

• Ability to plan and design menus that cater to diverse tastes and dietary requirements.
• Knowledge of basic Microsoft Office skills, food safety, and quality control to ensure high standards of hygiene and presentation.
• Knowledge of inventory management and skill in managing catering staff and logistics, including scheduling and training.
• Ability to conduct site visits to ensure catering operations meet requirements and exceed client expectations.

iii. Top Hiring Companies: Taj Caterers, The Daftar Group, Trek Panda, Tripoto

iv. Average Salary Range:  ₹3 LPA – ₹7 LPA

Tips to Have a Successful Career in the Tourism Industry

Building a successful career in the tourism industry involves more than just a passion for travel. The practical tips in this section will help you gain the necessary education, experience, and skills to excel and stand out in this vibrant field.

1. Pursue Relevant Education and Certifications

Having a degree or diploma in tourism, hospitality management, or a related field can offer you a solid foundation for your career in the tourism sector. Additionally, certifications in specific areas, such as event planning, travel agency operations, or hospitality management can enhance your qualifications and marketability. Continuous learning through workshops and courses can keep you updated with industry trends and practices. 

2. Gain Practical Experience 

Hands-on experience is invaluable to getting a job effectively in the tourism industry. Travel and tourism internships , volunteer work, and entry-level positions offer opportunities to learn about the industry, develop practical skills, and build a professional network. A few entry-level jobs that you can pursue in the tourism industry are mentioned below:

• Customer Service Representative
• Front Desk Receptionist
• Reservation Agent

These job experiences can provide insight into various career paths and help you identify your areas of interest. They also offer the chance to demonstrate your abilities to potential employers and make a positive impression that can lead to future jobs in the tourism field.

3. Develop Strong Communication and Customer Service Skills

Excellent communication and customer service skills are essential in the tourism industry. Whether you are dealing with clients, coordinating with vendors, or managing staff, the ability to communicate effectively and offer exceptional service is crucial for success. Here are some tips to improve your customer service and communication skills:

• Practice active listening and empathy to better understand and address the needs of clients and colleagues. 
• Invest in customer service training programs like a business skills communication course to enhance your skills and improve your performance in customer-facing roles.

4. Stay Informed About Travel Trends and Destinations

Keeping up with the latest travel trends and information about popular destinations will help you provide relevant and up-to-date advice to clients and colleagues. This knowledge can also help you identify new opportunities and stay competitive in the industry. Here are a few ways that can help you stay informed about travel trends and destinations:

• Subscribe to a few travel industry publications
• Attend travel-related workshops and conferences
• Join professional travel organizations 
• Engage with travel communities and forums online

5. Use Appropriate Job Search Platforms

Utilize job search strategies on platforms that specialize in tourism and hospitality to find relevant job opportunities. Here are a few things to consider and suggestions for you that can help you find a job in the tourism industry as per your preferences:

• Websites like Internshala, and industry-specific LinkedIn groups can help you connect with potential employers and stay informed about job openings. 
• Creating a strong online profile and showcasing your skills and experience can increase your visibility to recruiters. 
• Participating in virtual job fairs and networking events can also help you connect with employers and discover job opportunities.

You can explore a number of career options in the tourism industry if you are passionate about hospitality and creating exceptional travel experiences. By understanding the various career paths mentioned in this blog, you can effectively take the first step toward a successful career in the tourism industry. In light of the ongoing growth of the tourism industry, together with changing travel preferences and technological advancements, demand for skilled professionals will only increase. This makes it an exciting time to pursue a career in the field of travel and tourism. Just be assured that with the right knowledge, skills, and attitude, you can build a successful and fulfilling career and secure the highest-paying travel jobs in India.

Answer: While not mandatory, here are a few qualifications and skills that you can consider to become a travel agent: – A degree or diploma in tourism/travel or a related field. – Proficiency in using computerized reservation systems.  – Certifications specific to job requirements, like the IATA certification (International Air Transport Association). – Practical experience in the travel industry. – Proficiency in specific languages, including regional, if necessary.

Answer: Gaining experience through internships, volunteer work, and entry-level positions is a great way to start. These opportunities allow you to learn about the industry and build a professional network.

Answer: Here are some essential skills for a career in tourism: – Strong business communication skills – Experience in customer service roles – Ability to organize, plan, and execute travel itineraries – Understanding of travel trends and destinations

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Harshita is an English Literature graduate from the University of Delhi with 3 years of experience in Content Writing and Editing. Dedicated to her craft, she loves creating magic with words. She is a big fan of hoarding cute planners and journals and can be seen watching FRIENDS (almost EVERYTIME) in her spare time. Her meticulous attention to detail makes her stand out from the crowd. A typo epidemic is her worst nightmare!

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The hospitality and tourism industry is booming thanks to accessible international travel and consumers’ enthusiasm for discovering new places.

Continuing growth in the industry means there is an enticing range of career paths in hospitality and tourism you can consider when deciding on your future, such as event manager, luxury manager, marketing manager, and more.

If you’re curious about what type of role might be best for you, there are plenty of options that combine exciting opportunities for personal development and working around the world.

In this article, we’ll go over the different hospitality and tourism career pathways you could aim towards. We’ll also discuss what the different roles entail and how you can gain the skills and knowledge to succeed in hospitality and tourism.

What is a hospitality and tourism career?

Career opportunities in the hospitality and tourism industry include a wide range of roles and responsibilities. The hospitality field revolves around providing exceptional experiences for guests and travelers.

While the stereotype may portray hospitality as simply serving drinks or waiting tables, the reality is far more varied. Hospitality is all about providing services and amenities to guests, ensuring their comfort, satisfaction, and enjoyment during their stay. This includes accommodations such as hotels, resorts, and vacation rentals, as well as food and beverage services, event planning, entertainment, and recreational activities.

Tourism involves the travel activities of individuals and groups for leisure, business, or other purposes. It encompasses everything from sightseeing and adventure tourism to cultural exchanges and eco-tourism.

A career in hospitality and tourism can take many forms, depending on one’s interests, skills, and qualifications. You can find everything from entry-level roles to managerial and executive careers, which are ideal roles for a lot of people.

Why pursue a career in the industry?

With tourism and hospitality booming there are more reasons than ever before to consider a career path in this rewarding sector.

Hospitality venues are keen to employ skilled and qualified individuals who can help their businesses thrive. The industry itself can be an exciting and endlessly interesting area to work in.

In this field, you’ll get to work with people from all over the world. You’ll also be able to work in a range of appealing locations since hospitality is truly a global industry. It’s also a great option for people who like to challenge themselves to continuously improve.

Find your path to success: hospitality and tourism jobs list

There are plenty of different employment opportunities in tourism and the hospitality industry, meaning that there are roles that suit everyone. Explore the wide array of opportunities available in this exciting industry as we look at a list of careers in hospitality and tourism, each offering pathways to success and fulfillment.

Hotel operations

This is a catch-all term that encompasses the various departments and functions within a hotel that work together to ensure the smooth and efficient running of the establishment. From front-of-house services that directly interact with guests to back-of-house operations that support the overall infrastructure, hotel operations are essential for delivering exceptional guest experiences.

What different hotel operations jobs are there?

Hotel operations roles include everything that makes a hotel run smoothly. These include:

• Front desk agent/receptionist
• Front of house manager
• Housekeeping
• Food and beverage service
• Food and beverage management
• Revenue management
• Sales and marketing
• Engineering and maintenance management
• General manager

Every department will have a hotel management role associated with it, such as the front of house manager overseeing all front desk agents and receptionists. At the very top is the general manager or executive manager, who ensures that all these different departments run smoothly together.

What are the different departments in a hotel?

There are a range of different departments in a hotel, including:

• Front of house
• Back of house and housekeeping
• Maintenance
• Event management
• Food and beverage services
• Guest experience

Hotels also need general managers who handle the overall operations of all these departments.

What skills are required to work in hotel operations?

To work in hotel operations, you should work on building skills such as:

• Time management
• Team leadership
• Organization
• Analytical skills
• Communication

These useful transferable skills will set you up well for a hospitality and tourism career and in other areas too.

How can I start a career in hotel management?

There are two main routes to working in hotel management. You can either start working your way up from entry-level roles via other careers in the hotel industry or you can study for a hospitality degree .

Salaries in Hotel operations

Working in hotel operations can be lucrative if you aim for a hospitality management career. Some of the top salaries are:

• Assistant hotel manager: $64,993
• Hotel general manager: $118,000
• Hotel finance director: $195,241
• Housekeeping manager: $62,601

Travel and tourism

Unlike hospitality, which focuses on providing accommodation, food, and other services to guests, travel and tourism encompass a broader spectrum of experiences and activities beyond the confines of a hotel or resort. While hospitality is an integral part of the travel and tourism industry, the latter extends to include transportation, attractions, tour operators, travel agencies, and destination management organizations.

List of professions in the tourism industry

There are also a wide range of travel and tourism industry jobs, such as:

• Travel agency management
• Tour guide positions
• Event planning and coordination
• Transportation and logistics in the tourism industry
• Adventure and eco-tourism careers
• Destination marketing
• Cruise ship management
• Tourism research and analysis

These will have many of the same requirements as hotel roles. However, they can lead to working in varied environments, especially if you work in luxury management , which focuses on high-end services.

Salaries in travel and tourism

Choosing these careers in tourism and travel can lead to high salaries, such as:

• Cruise ship director: $64,267
• Travel agent: $59,263
• Destination marketer $108,782
• Tourism manager: $76,729

Restaurant and culinary services

This sector of the hospitality industry focuses on providing food and beverage services to customers, offering a diverse array of culinary experiences tailored to meet varying tastes, preferences, and occasions. From the ambiance and presentation to the quality and taste of the food, restaurant and culinary services play a pivotal role in creating memorable dining experiences for patrons. 

Interesting roles in the restaurant and culinary services

Hospitality careers also include food and beverage services work, which includes:

• Restaurant management positions
• Bar managers
• Culinary arts and chef careers
• Front-of-house and back-of-house staff for restaurants
• Sommeliers and beverage professionals
• Catering and event management

Salaries in the restaurant and culinary services

If you are looking at culinary job opportunities in the tourism and hospitality industry, you could expect salaries such as:

• Restaurant manager: $58,442
• Bar manager: $76,586
• Catering manager: $53,566
• Head chef: $95,100
• Sommelier: $63,788

What skills are required to work in restaurant management?

As well as the management skills you’d need for any of these hospitality careers, you’ll also be expected to have culinary experience for a role in restaurant management. You could gain this either through specialized study or by working in a professional kitchen environment, a bar or with a catering company. The skills you will need include:

• Customer service
• Multi tasking
• Organizational skills

What is the role of a sommelier?

A sommelier is a wine expert. They are usually responsible for choosing and updating a venue’s wine list. They’ll also work with chefs to make sure dishes have suitable wine pairings and they can often give advice to customers on wines that enhance their menu selections.

Hospitality marketing and sales

This industry encompasses a range of activities, including market research, advertising, branding, digital marketing, sales campaigns, and customer relationship management. The goal of hospitality marketing and sales is to identify target markets, communicate the value proposition of hospitality offerings, and drive bookings and reservations through effective promotional strategies and sales efforts.

Roles to consider in hospitality marketing and sales jobs

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Another career option in hospitality is to work in marketing and sales. This can mean being responsible for:

• Sales and revenue management
• Digital marketing strategies for hotels and travel companies
• Branding and public relations
• Customer service and guest relations

How can I pursue a career in hospitality marketing?

For one of these hospitality careers, you will need a good knowledge of both the hospitality field and marketing. You can learn the skills you need from a college or hospitality school in Switzerland to give you the best chances of success.

What skills are essential for a sales manager in the hospitality industry?

Vital skills for a marketing or sales job in hospitality and tourism, such as marketing manager, include:

• Project management
• Data analysis

Salaries in hospitality marketing and sales

Sales and marketing roles often offer salaries in the higher bands of hospitality, such as:

• Hotel sales manager: $119,726
• Director of sales: $195,525
• Marketing manager: $134,424
• Sales strategy analyst: $63,585

Event planning and management 

These roles involve the meticulous coordination and execution of various events, ranging from corporate conferences and weddings to festivals and special occasions. The responsibilities include venue selection, logistics planning, budget management, vendor coordination, and on-site supervision. Event planners and managers work closely with clients to understand their objectives, preferences, and expectations, tailoring each event to meet specific needs and create memorable experiences for attendees. 

Careers in event planning and management

There are plenty of career opportunities in event hospitality, including:

• Wedding planner
• Corporate event planner
• Event manager
• Event designer
• Event marketing specialist

What skills do I need for event planning?

In order to be successful in the field of event management and planning, you will need to build skills such as:

• Problem solving

Event management salaries

Salaries in event management often depend on which kind of events you plan, and at what venues. As a rough guide, you could earn:

• Wedding planner: $39,465
• Event planner: $63,154
• Corporate event planner: $74,119
• Event manager: $111,710
• Event marketing: $188,417

Learn more about Hospitality Careers

Hospitality Careers

Guide to career paths in hospitality

Your career guide: hospitality and tourism management jobs

Hospitality and tourism careers: how to get started.

What’s the most international career path?

Transitioning into a career in hospitality and tourism.

If you are looking to start your career in the hospitality and tourism professions, the important steps are:

• Education and training to get you the skills and qualifications needed for hospitality employment prospects
• Learning transferable skills, such as those listed in this article, to help you in whatever hospitality career you move into
• Networking and making industry connections to help you find job opportunities in tourism and hospitality
• Doing a hospitality internship or apprenticeship to give you real-world experience

What qualifications do I need to pursue a career in hospitality and tourism?

The best qualifications for hospitality careers are specialist hospitality certificates.

Whether you’re thinking about a bachelor’s degree, a diploma or an advanced qualification, these courses will give you the experience and skills necessary to compete for the most sought-after careers in the industry.

If you are looking at a career as a restaurant manager, you should also look for some culinary qualifications.

If you’re looking at degree options, you should aim to choose a course that includes internships. These will provide vital on-the-job training, as well as giving you a chance to network with professionals who are already established.

What are the job prospects and growth potential in the industry?

The hospitality and tourism industries have huge potential for growth due to the demand for quality travel experiences from a global customer base.

This means there are many opportunities for career advancement, especially in luxury management and other high-end hospitality sectors.

Once established in hospitality and tourism, there are also plenty of options to either specialize in area-specific management roles or to aim for general management or executive management roles.

All of these jobs in hospitality will have their own challenges and benefits.

What skills are important for success in hospitality and tourism?

There are many skills you can develop to improve your prospects in the  hospitality business . Some of those you should work on consolidating include:

• Communication, both written and verbal
• Time management skills
• Team leadership skills
• Analytical and data handling skills

All of these are transferable or soft skills, which you can use in any job role. You’ll also need to learn specific skills relating to the role you want.

For example, if you want to work in restaurant management, you should aim to build culinary skills alongside those listed above.

If you want to work in sales management, you should aim to develop skills in finance and marketing.

Why hospitality and tourism careers?

Working in hospitality and tourism can be a great career for people who want to challenge themselves, travel, be constantly learning and work in a truly global enterprise.

The sector is experiencing healthy growth and consumer enthusiasm for travel and new experiences is not likely to diminish. You can expect rewarding career prospects with the possibility of advancement.

There are roles to suit all talents, including front of house, food and beverage management, hotel manager, general manager and lots more.

If you want to embrace any of the roles on our hospitality job list, the most efficient route is to get a world-recognized hospitality degree that ensures you gain the skills and knowledge to succeed.

If you want to pursue any of these  hospitality careers , from hotel general manager to  becoming an event planner , getting a quality education can be the first and most essential step.

Photo credits Main image:  Thomas Barwick/DigitalVision via Getty Images

Setting the standard in hospitality degrees

Our world-leading hospitality bachelor’s degree is an intensive mix of developing skills and making priceless connections that mean access to roles at the highest levels of the hospitality industry.

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• Travel Tips

What Can I Do With A Tourism Degree

Published: December 12, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Alli Ramires

• Plan Your Trip
• Sustainability
• Travel Essentials & Accessories

Introduction

Welcome to the exciting world of tourism! If you have a passion for travel, exploring new cultures, and helping others create unforgettable experiences, then a tourism degree could be the perfect fit for you. In today’s globalized and interconnected world, the tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, offering a wide range of career opportunities and endless possibilities for personal and professional growth.

A tourism degree provides you with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in this dynamic and ever-evolving field. Whether you dream of managing a luxury hotel, organizing breathtaking tours, promoting destinations, or planning memorable events, a tourism degree equips you with the necessary expertise and industry insights to succeed.

In this article, we will explore the various career paths available to those with a tourism degree, discuss the skills developed during your studies, highlight the benefits of pursuing a tourism degree, and provide an overview of the education and training requirements. Additionally, we will delve into the job outlook and salary potential, giving you a comprehensive understanding of the exciting prospects that await you in the field of tourism.

So, if you’re ready to embark on a journey filled with adventure, cultural immersion, and endless professional possibilities, let’s dive into the world of tourism and discover all that a tourism degree can offer!

Overview of a Tourism Degree

A tourism degree encompasses a broad range of subjects and disciplines that are essential for success in the tourism industry. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of tourism, including tourism management, marketing, customer service, event planning, and sustainable tourism practices.

During your studies, you will gain valuable knowledge about the different sectors within the tourism industry, such as hospitality management, travel and tour operations, destination marketing and management, event planning and management, and sustainable tourism development. This multidisciplinary approach allows you to explore your interests and align your studies with your career aspirations.

Many tourism degree programs also incorporate practical training and internships, giving you hands-on experience and the opportunity to apply your knowledge in real-world settings. This experiential learning is invaluable as it enables you to develop essential skills, build industry connections, and gain a competitive edge in the job market.

Additionally, a tourism degree may also include coursework in business management, economics, communications, cultural studies, and environmental sustainability. These interdisciplinary subjects provide a well-rounded education, enhancing your critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills, which are highly valuable in the tourism industry.

By the time you complete your tourism degree, you will have a solid foundation in the principles and practices of tourism, along with the skills to navigate the challenges and opportunities that arise in this dynamic and fast-paced industry.

Careers in Tourism

A tourism degree opens up a world of exciting career opportunities in various sectors of the industry. Let’s explore some of the diverse and rewarding careers that you can pursue with a tourism degree:

• Hospitality Management: With a tourism degree, you can enter the hospitality industry and work in hotels, resorts, restaurants, and other accommodation establishments. As a hospitality manager, you will oversee operations, ensure excellent customer service, manage staff, and strive to create exceptional guest experiences.
• Travel and Tour Operations: If you have a passion for travel and enjoy organizing memorable experiences, a career in travel and tour operations might be for you. You can work for travel agencies, tour operators, or even start your own travel business. From designing itineraries and booking accommodations to arranging transportation and coordinating activities, you’ll play a vital role in creating unforgettable journeys for your clients.
• Destination Marketing and Management: Tourism boards, destination marketing organizations, and tourism development agencies offer exciting opportunities in destination marketing and management. In this role, you’ll promote a specific region or destination, develop marketing strategies, attract tourists, and collaborate with stakeholders to enhance the overall visitor experience.
• Event Planning and Management: If you have a flair for organizing and executing successful events, you can pursue a career in event planning and management. From conferences and conventions to festivals and corporate events, you’ll be responsible for coordinating logistics, managing budgets, ensuring smooth operations, and creating memorable experiences for attendees.
• Sustainable Tourism Development: As the importance of sustainability grows, so does the demand for professionals in sustainable tourism development. With a tourism degree, you can work on initiatives that promote responsible tourism practices, environmental conservation, and community engagement. You may find opportunities in sustainable tourism organizations, eco-lodges, or government agencies dedicated to sustainable tourism development.

These are just a few examples of the diverse career paths available in the field of tourism. Whether you choose to work in the private sector, government organizations, or non-profit entities, a tourism degree provides you with the flexibility to pursue your passion and make a positive impact in the industry.

Hospitality Management

Hospitality management is a popular career choice for individuals with a tourism degree. The hospitality industry encompasses a wide range of establishments, including hotels, resorts, restaurants, cruise ships, and event venues. As a hospitality manager, you’ll be responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and ensuring exceptional guest experiences.

In this role, you’ll wear many hats, from managing staff and coordinating departments to maintaining high standards of service and maximizing profitability. Your responsibilities may include:

• Front Office Management: Managing reception desks, guest check-in, reservations, and ensuring smooth customer service.
• Food and Beverage Management: Overseeing restaurant and bar operations, quality control, menu planning, and maintaining high standards of food and beverage service.
• Housekeeping Management: Ensuring cleanliness, maintenance, and presentation of rooms and common areas to meet guest expectations.
• Human Resources: Recruiting, training, and managing a diverse team of staff, ensuring they deliver excellent service and maintain a positive work environment.
• Sales and Marketing: Collaborating with the sales and marketing team to develop strategies to attract guests, increase occupancy rates, and promote the property’s amenities and services.
• Financial Management: Monitoring budgets, controlling costs, and maximizing revenue generation through effective pricing and revenue management strategies.

A career in hospitality management offers opportunities for growth, advancement, and international experiences. With the right blend of skills, experience, and a customer-centric mindset, you can rise to higher positions such as general manager, regional director, or even executive-level roles in hotel chains or hospitality corporations.

Key skills for success in hospitality management include strong communication and interpersonal skills, organizational and leadership abilities, problem-solving aptitude, attention to detail, and the ability to thrive in a fast-paced and constantly evolving environment.

Whether it’s ensuring the satisfaction of guests, creating memorable experiences, or managing the daily operations of a hospitality establishment, a career in hospitality management allows you to make a significant impact in the lives of others and contribute to the success of the tourism industry.

Travel and Tour Operations

If you have a passion for travel and enjoy planning and organizing memorable experiences, a career in travel and tour operations may be the perfect fit for you. With a tourism degree, you can work for travel agencies, tour operators, or even establish your own travel business.

As a professional in travel and tour operations, your role will involve crafting and coordinating itineraries, booking accommodations and transportation, and ensuring that every aspect of your clients’ travel experience meets their expectations.

Key responsibilities in travel and tour operations include:

• Consulting and Sales: Understanding the needs and preferences of clients and providing them with tailored travel packages and solutions.
• Destination Knowledge: Keeping up-to-date with the latest travel trends and destinations, offering expert advice, and providing recommendations to clients.
• Logistics Management: Making arrangements for transportation, accommodation, tours, and activities, ensuring smooth operations and a seamless travel experience.
• Customer Service: Providing exceptional customer service before, during, and after the trip, answering inquiries, resolving issues, and ensuring customer satisfaction.
• Relationship Building: Establishing and maintaining relationships with suppliers, hotels, airlines, and other travel partners to negotiate contracts, secure competitive rates, and ensure the best possible offerings for clients.
• Marketing and Promotion: Developing marketing strategies to promote travel packages, participating in trade shows and events, and utilizing online platforms to reach potential clients.

A career in travel and tour operations gives you the opportunity to immerse yourself in different cultures, explore new destinations, and create unforgettable experiences for your clients. It is a dynamic and ever-evolving industry, making it important to stay updated with the latest travel trends, technologies, and safety regulations.

Key skills for success in travel and tour operations include excellent communication and interpersonal skills, attention to detail, problem-solving abilities, strong organization and time management skills, as well as a passion for travel and a deep understanding of customer needs.

Whether you specialize in adventure travel, luxury vacations, or niche markets, a career in travel and tour operations allows you to turn your passion for travel into a rewarding profession, where you have the opportunity to create lifelong memories for your clients and contribute to the growth of the tourism industry.

Destination Marketing and Management

Destination marketing and management play a crucial role in attracting visitors, promoting tourism, and ensuring the sustainable development of destinations. With a tourism degree, you can pursue a career in destination marketing organizations, tourism boards, or tourism development agencies.

As a professional in destination marketing and management, your role is to promote a specific region or destination, develop marketing strategies, and collaborate with stakeholders to enhance the overall visitor experience. You will participate in activities such as:

• Market Research: Conducting market research to understand target audiences, analyze market trends, and identify opportunities to attract visitors.
• Marketing Strategies: Developing and implementing marketing campaigns, utilizing various channels such as digital marketing, social media, traditional advertising, and public relations.
• Product Development: Collaborating with local businesses, attractions, and tourism stakeholders to develop new tourism products and experiences that meet the needs and interests of visitors.
• Partnerships and Collaboration: Building strong relationships with airlines, travel agencies, hotels, and other tourism partners to promote the destination, attract visitors, and create joint marketing initiatives.
• Sustainable Tourism: Focusing on the sustainable development of the destination, implementing practices that minimize negative impacts, preserve natural and cultural heritage, and benefit local communities.
• Visitor Services: Ensuring that visitors have access to accurate information, visitor centers, and support services during their stay in the destination.

A career in destination marketing and management requires a combination of analytical skills, creativity, strategic thinking, and a deep understanding of consumer behavior and market trends. You will have the opportunity to showcase the unique culture, attractions, and natural landscapes of a destination, while also contributing to its economic growth and sustainability.

Key skills for success in destination marketing and management include strong communication and presentation skills, digital marketing expertise, creativity, networking abilities, and the ability to work collaboratively with various stakeholders.

By promoting the destination and enhancing the visitor experience, you play a vital role in fostering tourism growth, supporting local businesses, and showcasing the beauty and attractions of the destination to the world. A career in destination marketing and management allows you to make a significant impact on the tourism industry, while also making a positive contribution to the development of a specific region or destination.

Event Planning and Management

If you have a knack for organizing and executing successful events, a career in event planning and management can be an exciting path to pursue with a tourism degree. Event planning involves coordinating and managing various aspects of an event, from logistics and budgeting to ensuring a memorable and seamless experience for attendees.

As an event planner, you may work in a variety of settings, including corporate events, conferences, exhibitions, weddings, festivals, and more. Your responsibilities may include:

• Event Conceptualization: Collaborating with clients or stakeholders to understand their objectives and create a vision for the event.
• Logistics Management: Securing venues, coordinating vendors and suppliers, managing budgets, and ensuring all necessary permits and licenses are in place.
• Program Development: Designing event schedules, selecting speakers or performers, planning activities, and managing event timelines.
• Marketing and Promotion: Developing marketing strategies, utilizing various channels to promote the event, and driving attendee registrations.
• Client Relations: Maintaining strong relationships with clients, understanding their needs and preferences, and providing exceptional customer service throughout the event planning process.
• On-Site Coordination: Overseeing the event’s execution, managing staff and volunteers, handling unforeseen circumstances, and ensuring a smooth and successful event.

A career in event planning and management requires strong organizational skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work under pressure. It also requires creativity, problem-solving abilities, and excellent interpersonal and communication skills to work effectively with clients, vendors, and event attendees.

As an event planner, you have the opportunity to create memorable and impactful experiences for people, whether it’s a corporate conference that inspires innovation or a wedding that brings joy and celebration. You’ll be at the forefront of bringing ideas to life and ensuring that every detail is meticulously planned and executed.

With the growing demand for unique and personalized events, the field of event planning and management offers immense potential for growth and innovation. Whether you work for an event planning company, start your own business, or join the event management team of a prestigious organization, a tourism degree equips you with the skills and knowledge to create extraordinary events and leave a lasting impression on attendees.

Sustainable Tourism Development

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainable tourism practices, which prioritize the long-term well-being of destinations, local communities, and the environment. With a tourism degree, you can contribute to the field of sustainable tourism development, working towards a more responsible and sustainable future for the industry.

As a professional in sustainable tourism development, your role is to promote and implement practices that minimize negative impacts, conserve natural and cultural heritage, and provide socio-economic benefits to local communities. You may be involved in:

• Policies and Planning: Collaborating with government agencies and organizations to develop sustainable tourism policies, guidelines, and plans for destinations.
• Destination Assessment: Conducting assessments and audits to evaluate a destination’s sustainability performance, identifying areas for improvement.
• Community Engagement: Working closely with local communities to ensure they benefit from tourism, involving them in decision-making processes, and supporting community-based tourism initiatives.
• Education and Awareness: Educating tourists, industry stakeholders, and local communities about sustainable practices and the importance of responsible tourism.
• Environmental Conservation: Implementing initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of tourism, such as waste reduction, water and energy conservation, and promoting eco-friendly practices.
• Partnerships and Collaboration: Collaborating with various stakeholders, including NGOs, businesses, and local governments, to implement sustainable tourism practices and foster partnerships for destination development.
• Certifications and Labels: Working with certification bodies and promoting sustainable tourism certifications and labels to encourage responsible tourism practices among industry players.

A career in sustainable tourism development requires a deep understanding of environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability. It also requires strong problem-solving skills, strategic thinking, and effective communication to advocate for sustainable practices and engage stakeholders.

By promoting sustainability in the tourism industry, you can contribute to the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, support local economies, and empower communities. Sustainable tourism development not only benefits the destinations and the environment but also helps to create more authentic and meaningful experiences for travelers.

As the demand for sustainable tourism grows, there are increasing opportunities to work in roles focused on sustainable tourism management, consultancy, or to become an advocate for sustainable tourism practices within various tourism organizations.

By pursuing a career in sustainable tourism development, you can make a positive impact on the industry by ensuring that future generations can enjoy the wonders of travel while contributing to the preservation of our planet.

Skills Developed in a Tourism Degree

A tourism degree not only provides you with knowledge about the industry but also helps you develop a wide range of transferable skills that are valuable in various professional contexts. Here are some of the key skills you can expect to develop during your studies:

• Communication Skills: Effective communication is essential in the tourism industry. A tourism degree equips you with strong verbal and written communication skills, allowing you to convey information clearly, engage with diverse audiences, and build relationships with clients, colleagues, and industry professionals.
• Problem-Solving Abilities: In a dynamic industry like tourism, problems and challenges can arise unexpectedly. A tourism degree helps you develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills to address issues creatively, find innovative solutions, and make sound decisions when faced with complex situations.
• Interpersonal Skills: Building and maintaining relationships with clients, colleagues, and stakeholders is crucial in the tourism industry. Through group projects, internships, and practical training, a tourism degree helps you strengthen your interpersonal skills, allowing you to work effectively in teams, resolve conflicts, and provide excellent customer service.
• Time Management: Meeting deadlines and managing multiple tasks is a common aspect of the tourism industry. A tourism degree helps you develop strong organizational and time management skills, enabling you to prioritize tasks, manage your workload efficiently, and deliver results within tight timeframes.
• Cross-Cultural Competence: Tourism involves interacting with people from diverse cultures and backgrounds. A tourism degree fosters cultural awareness and sensitivity, helping you develop cross-cultural competence, adaptability, and the ability to navigate intercultural communication effectively.
• Leadership Skills: As you progress in your tourism career, there will be opportunities to take on leadership roles. A tourism degree provides you with insights into effective leadership styles, teamwork, and decision-making processes, allowing you to develop your leadership skills and become an influential and respected figure in the industry.
• Business Acumen: Many aspects of the tourism industry involve business management practices. A tourism degree equips you with a foundational understanding of economics, finance, marketing, and strategic planning, enabling you to make informed business decisions and contribute to the success of tourism organizations.

These are just a few examples of the skills that can be developed through a tourism degree. The combination of industry-specific knowledge and transferable skills prepares you for a wide range of career opportunities, both within the tourism industry and beyond.

By acquiring these skills, you become a well-rounded professional capable of adapting to the ever-changing demands of the industry, driving innovation, and contributing to the continued growth and success of the tourism sector.

Benefits of Pursuing a Tourism Degree

Choosing to pursue a tourism degree offers numerous benefits and advantages that can positively impact your personal and professional growth. Here are some of the key benefits of pursuing a tourism degree:

• Industry Knowledge: A tourism degree provides you with a comprehensive understanding of the tourism industry, its trends, challenges, and best practices. This knowledge equips you with the foundation to navigate the diverse sectors of the industry and make informed decisions throughout your career.
• Wide Range of Career Opportunities: The tourism industry offers a wealth of career opportunities. With a tourism degree, you can explore various sectors such as hospitality management, travel and tour operations, destination marketing, event planning, sustainable tourism, and more. This versatility allows you to pursue a career aligned with your passion and interests.
• Transferable Skills: A tourism degree helps you develop a wide range of transferable skills that are valuable in any profession. Skills such as communication, problem-solving, time management, leadership, and cultural competence can be applied in diverse fields beyond tourism, enhancing your employability and versatility in the job market.
• Practical Experience: Many tourism degree programs incorporate practical training, internships, and industry placements, providing you with hands-on experience and real-world exposure. This practical experience not only reinforces classroom learning but also helps you build industry connections and gain a competitive edge when entering the job market.
• Global Perspective: Tourism is a global industry that connects people from different cultures and backgrounds. A tourism degree offers a global perspective, allowing you to understand the intercultural dynamics, adapt to diverse environments, and develop cross-cultural competence. This global mindset is invaluable in an increasingly interconnected world.
• Personal Development: Pursuing a tourism degree is not only academically enriching but also personally rewarding. The degree offers opportunities for personal growth, self-discovery, and the chance to nurture your passion for travel, culture, and making a positive impact in the world. It allows you to develop a sense of adventure, adaptability, and a lifelong love for learning.

Furthermore, the tourism industry is a resilient and growing sector, offering stability and long-term career prospects. As the desire for travel and experiences continue to rise, there will always be a need for skilled professionals who can navigate the complexities of the industry.

By pursuing a tourism degree, you position yourself for a fulfilling and rewarding career, where you can turn your passion for travel and exploration into a profession that allows you to make a difference, create unforgettable experiences for others, and contribute to the development of the tourism industry.

Education and Training Requirements

The education and training requirements for a career in the tourism industry vary depending on the specific job role and level of responsibility. Here is a general overview of the education and training requirements for different positions in the industry:

• Entry-level Positions: Many entry-level positions in the tourism industry, such as front desk staff, tour guides, or customer service representatives, may not require a formal degree. However, having a tourism degree can provide a competitive advantage and opens up more opportunities for career advancement.
• Associate’s Degree: Some positions, such as travel agents or reservations agents, may require an associate’s degree in travel and tourism or a related field. These programs typically take two years to complete and provide a solid foundation in tourism principles, destination knowledge, and customer service skills.
• Bachelor’s Degree: Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in tourism or hospitality management is often recommended for individuals seeking leadership or managerial roles in the industry. These programs typically take four years to complete and provide in-depth knowledge of tourism concepts, business management principles, marketing, event planning, and sustainable tourism practices.
• Master’s Degree: For individuals aspiring to hold senior management positions or pursue specialized roles in areas such as destination marketing or sustainable tourism development, a master’s degree in tourism or a related field can be beneficial. These programs typically require an additional two years of study beyond the bachelor’s degree and provide advanced knowledge and research opportunities in specific areas of interest.

In addition to formal education, practical experience is highly valued in the tourism industry. Many degree programs offer opportunities for internships, cooperative education, or industry placements, allowing students to gain hands-on experience and develop industry connections.

Continuing education and professional development also play a significant role in the tourism industry. Many industry associations and organizations offer certification programs and professional development courses that can enhance your skills, expertise, and credibility in the field. These certifications, such as Certified Travel Associate (CTA) or Certified Meeting Professional (CMP), can further advance your career prospects.

It’s important to note that the specific education and training requirements may vary based on the country, region, and specific job requirements. Some employers may prioritize work experience and skills over formal education, while others may require specific certifications or licenses, especially for positions related to travel operations or event planning.

It is recommended to research the specific requirements for the desired role and consult with industry professionals or academic advisors to determine the most appropriate education and training path for your career goals in the dynamic and exciting field of tourism.

Job Outlook and Salary Potential

The job outlook for individuals with a tourism degree is generally positive, with ample opportunities for career growth and advancement. The tourism industry is a rapidly growing sector, driven by increasing global travel, emerging markets, and evolving consumer preferences. Here’s an overview of the job outlook and salary potential in the tourism industry:

Job Outlook:

The demand for professionals in the tourism industry is expected to continue rising. According to the World Tourism Organization, international tourist arrivals are projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2030. This growth will create a wide range of job opportunities across various sectors of the industry, including hospitality management, travel and tour operations, destination marketing, event planning, and sustainable tourism development.

Furthermore, as travelers seek more unique and authentic experiences, there is an increasing demand for professionals who can cater to niche markets, such as eco-tourism, adventure travel, culinary tourism, and cultural immersion. By staying updated with industry trends and acquiring specialized knowledge, you can position yourself for exciting and fulfilling career opportunities.

Salary Potential:

The salary potential in the tourism industry varies significantly depending on factors such as job role, level of responsibility, location, and years of experience. While entry-level positions may offer modest salaries, there are ample opportunities for advancement and salary growth as you progress in your career. Here are a few examples of average salaries in the tourism industry:

• Hotel and Accommodation Management: The median annual salary for lodging managers is around $54,430, with the highest earners making over $100,000 per year.
• Event Planning and Management: Event planners earn a median annual salary of approximately $50,600, with experienced professionals earning well over $80,000 per year.
• Travel Agents: The median annual wage for travel agents is around $40,660, although experienced agents or those specializing in lucrative markets or luxury travel can earn higher incomes.
• Tour Escort or Tour Guide: Tour guides generally earn an hourly wage, which can range from $10 to $25 per hour depending on factors such as location, experience, and type of tours.

It’s important to note that salaries can vary greatly depending on the specific job market, sector, and location. Higher salaries are often found in urban areas or popular tourist destinations, while salaries in rural or less popular areas may be lower. Additionally, pursuing advanced degrees, obtaining certifications, and gaining specialized expertise in areas such as sustainable tourism or event management can positively impact salary potential and career advancement.

Overall, the tourism industry offers a range of opportunities for individuals with a tourism degree. With the right skills, experience, and passion for the industry, you can carve out a successful and fulfilling career while enjoying the benefits of a dynamic and ever-expanding industry.

A tourism degree opens up a world of exciting possibilities in a rapidly expanding industry. Whether you’re passionate about hospitality management, travel and tour operations, destination marketing, event planning, or sustainable tourism development, a degree in tourism equips you with the knowledge, skills, and opportunities to thrive in your chosen career path.

Throughout your studies, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the industry, develop transferable skills, and have the chance to gain practical experience through internships and industry placements. This combination of knowledge and experience will give you a competitive edge in the job market and set you up for success.

Additionally, pursuing a tourism degree offers numerous benefits, including a wide range of career opportunities, the potential for personal growth, and the ability to make a positive impact in the industry. The industry is constantly evolving, providing endless possibilities for professional development and advancement.

As the demand for travel and experiences continues to rise, the future of the tourism industry remains bright. By pursuing a career in tourism, you get to explore your passion for travel, connect with people from different cultures, contribute to local economies, and create unforgettable experiences for others.

Whether you envision managing a luxury hotel, organizing once-in-a-lifetime tours, promoting destinations, or driving sustainability initiatives, a tourism degree provides the foundation for a rewarding and fulfilling career. Embrace the opportunities, foster your curiosity, and strive to make a difference in an industry that brings joy, connection, and exploration to people from all corners of the world.

So, if you’re ready to embark on a journey filled with adventure, cultural immersion, and endless professional possibilities, a tourism degree is your passport to a vibrant and dynamic career in the global tourism industry.

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Careers in Travel

A comprehensive overview of the dominant career paths in the travel industry..

CareerExplorer is a free career test made for success seekers and the curious minded.

Do you find yourself daydreaming of far away places? For people with a sense of adventure and a love of new experiences, a career in travel can be incredibly rewarding. But with the rise of new technology and a constantly changing economy, jobs in this area look almost nothing like they did just a couple of decades ago.

What does a career in travel look like today? Here, we’ll explore some of the most common professions in this area and how they can help you see the world.

Flight Attendant

Also known as in-flight crew member, cabin crew member, cabin attendant, air host(ess), and airline steward(ess).

Of all the careers in travel, flight attendant is probably one of the most people-focused. These friendly professionals are the face of the airline industry, responsible for ensuring passengers are safe and comfortable for the duration of their flight. You may remember them from the last time you traveled—perhaps more for the drink cart in front of them than for their personality.

But flight attendants do much more than people assume. In addition to providing basic customer service, they also secure the plane during takeoff, landing, and bouts of turbulence, and assist in emergency situations when they occur by leading evacuations, administering first aid, and even doing some firefighting. Maintaining a pleasant disposition is important in this career, but it’s really only the tip of the iceberg.

What are the perks of being a flight attendant?

Many people enter this career because they love to travel. And, for those with wanderlust, that’s probably the best part of the job: flight attendants literally get paid to fly. Airlines provide staff with free accommodation on long haul flights, plus, in most cases, a daily food allowance, so long-haul flights can essentially become mini all-expenses-paid vacations. There may only be a little bit of extra time to explore the destination between landing and takeoff, but it’s still an incredible way to see the world.

Other perks include the downtime. Although the work itself can be intense, it also involves a lot of leisure. On lengthier trips, flight attendants even get to sleep on the job! They also have more control over their schedule than people in more “typical” careers; every few weeks, attendants “bid” on all available flights to decide who flies when and where. Shifts are assigned by seniority, which means that, with enough time and experience, flight attendants can craft their dream schedule.

These perks, plus the fact that it’s possible to get hired right out of high school, makes flight attending an appealing line of work for many.

How much time do flight attendants spend away from home?

A career as a flight attendant isn’t all fun and games. Full-time attendants usually spend between 75 and 100 hours a month in the air, and another 50 hours on the ground, doing paperwork, waiting for planes, and preparing for flights. This can translate to a lot of time away from home, often working long, variable hours.

Perhaps because of the bizarre schedule, about one in four flight attendants work part-time. This option is obviously less lucrative than working full-time, but can make it easier to maintain a relatively normal lifestyle and raise a family.

Flight attendants are paid to see the world…sort of

Not only does flight attending require a lot of time away from home, it also involves a lot of unpaid work. Salaries are completely dependent on the number of hours spent in flight, so flight attendants aren’t compensated for the time they spend boarding, taxiing, or commuting to and from the airport. If a flight gets cancelled or delayed, so does the attendant’s pay.

In the US, the average salary is about $45,000. But depending on the airline, as well as the attendant’s schedule and level of experience, that number can range anywhere between $23,000 and $80,000.

Travel Agent

You’ve probably seen her before in an old movie: a smiling woman in a headset, stationed at her computer against a backdrop of faded tropical posters. But the day-to-day of today’s travel agents looks very different from what it did even ten years ago.

What do travel agents do?

At the most basic level, travel agents help simplify the trip planning process for their clients. They research fares and schedules; book flights, tours, and hotels; and advise clients on how to make the most of their time away. The specifics of their day-to-day vary a lot depending on where and for whom they work. But no matter what their focus, all travel agents share a common goal: customer satisfaction. This is a people-focused profession, committed to ensuring clients have the most pleasant, safe, and rewarding travel experiences possible.

There are two kinds of travel agents…

....each with very different lifestyles:

• Leisure travel agents work primarily with individuals, organizing everything from family vacations to honeymoon getaways. Although some of them work independently, most choose to work under a host agency. These businesses “employ” home-based agents through independent-contractor agreements, offering them services like marketing, training, and technology in exchange for a cut of their commissions.
• Corporate travel agents , on the other hand, primarily work with businesses, booking accommodation and flights for employees attending sales meetings, conferences, and more. Whereas leisure agents often work remotely on their own schedule, those in corporate positions tend to work in offices. It’s a standard 9-to-5 job, or something similar.

How do travel agents make money?

Travel agents earn their income in three ways, through commissions, service fees, and salary. Typically, vendors pay a 10-15% commission whenever an agent books a car rental, hotel, or cruise for a client. They also pay about 20-30% on travel insurance sales, though all of these rates can vary depending on the vendor, the agent, and how the booking was made.

In addition to commissions, some travel agents also charge clients a service fee for the time spent researching and creating their itinerary. These usually range somewhere between $75 and $200, but can be as high as $500 for more complicated trips.

Finally, many agents who work for an employer—either a host agency or a corporate sector company—also earn a salary on top of their commissions, adding a bit of stability to their income.

How much do travel agents make?

Not surprisingly, there’s a lot of variation in how much travel agents make. The average annual wage for US travel agents is just shy of $40,000 , but agents can earn as little as $23,000 or as much as $68,000.

Do travel agents get to travel themselves?

The bulk of a travel agent’s time is usually spent indoors: either at home, if they work remotely, or in an office. Most of their day is spent on the phone or the computer, talking to clients, airlines, hotels, and other vendors or preparing itineraries.

That said, many do spend some time visiting the destinations they promote in order to make better-informed recommendations to their clients. While away, they might visit restaurants, resorts, or hotels, or even try a guided tour.

Plus, many agents are able to use their connections to travel at a discount price. So seeing the world may not always be part of the job—but it definitely can be.

Is travel agent a doomed profession?

Online booking is only getting easier, and travelers are increasingly choosing to organize their own flights and accommodation. Although many travel agents are still running successful businesses, employment opportunities are expected to decrease by 12% in the next 10 years. For the right person, a career in this industry is still possible—but staying afloat will take dedication, adaptability, and a healthy dose of optimism.

People skills, local knowledge, and a sense of adventure—these are just some of the traits that make for a stellar tour guide. For extraverted explorers, a career in this field can be fun, varied, and rewarding.

Do tour guides get paid to explore the world?

At the most basic level, tour guides help travelers make the most of their trip by providing cultural, historical, or environmental information about their local surroundings. Working on foot, bus, bicycle, or even riverboat, they guide their clients through some of the most stunning destinations on earth, offering safety tips, expert knowledge, and helpful advice along the way. From the calm Tuscan countryside to the busy streets of Tokyo, tour guides really can work anywhere.

However, the life of a tour guide isn’t always full of novelty and excitement. While some tour guides do travel on the job, many work primarily in a single destination, showing visitors around a particular city, cultural site, or museum.

What are the different kinds of tour guides?

Tour guides can look dramatically different depending on where they work and what kind of travel experience they offer. Some of the most common tour guide variations include:

• Heritage Guides provide historical, archeological, or architectural information about ancient sites such as tombs, temples, and museums.
• Culture Guides offer knowledge about the lifestyle, religion, or cuisine of the local population. They might focus on one particular city, specialize in certain sites (like vineyards or ancient temples), or cover an entire geographical region.
• Adventure Guides lead clients on active, experience-based tours of the destination. Guides typically focus on one or more sports, such as trekking, skiing, or scuba diving, and have undergone some form of outdoors and first aid training.
• Nature/Eco Guides help visitors enjoy the local wildlife and landscapes, offering tours or safaris of deserts, gardens, forests, and more.
• Special Interest Guides play a similar role as adventure guides, offering targeted experiences such as golf, shopping, or wedding tours.

There are different roles available within each of these areas. Tour guides simply offer commentary about the destinations they visit, whereas tour directors are also responsible for planning the itinerary, coordinating the logistics, and trouble shooting any complications that arise along the way.

Do tour guides actually get paid?

Tour guiding is a fun gig, but not a particularly well-paid one. The average tour guide salary punches in just under $24,000 US , although experienced tour guides earn about $35,000 per year. Of course, this can vary depending on location, specialization, experience, and clientele.

Luckily, it’s also a relatively low-barrier career, usually requiring little more than a drivers license and an eager attitude. You may need to pass a first aid course or some other form of professional training for certain jobs, but you probably won’t be paying off any major student loans.

Travel Blogger

Equally low-barrier and adventurous is the world of travel blogging. Requiring little more than a laptop, a strong internet connection, and an entrepreneurial spirit, this exciting career can open doors all across the globe.

How do travel bloggers make money?

It may not look that way from their websites, but travel bloggers do a lot more than just write and explore. That’s because, like most bloggers , they rarely make money from the posts they produce. Instead, travel bloggers rely on a mix of advertising, sponsored campaigns, freelancing, and affiliate linking to generate income, using their blog primarily as a platform to attract potential partners. Many even sell related products, such as books, travel guides, podcasts, or public speaking services, on the side to make extra cash.

Because of this, the finances of travel blogging can look extremely different from one person to the next. While there are some bloggers who report making as much as $150,000 a year, others are barely able to break even. According to a survey of more than 1000 bloggers, only about 17% are able to sustain their lifestyle on their blog salaries, while more than 80% never make more than $100.

But although it’s a tough industry, it is possible to succeed. By diversifying their income and investing enough time and effort, well-established travel bloggers can make a stable $2,000 to $5,000 a month.

How do I become a travel blogger?

One of the reasons so many travel bloggers fail is because it’s so easy to become one. The real question isn’t “How do I become a travel blogger?” but “How do I become a successful one?”

To get started, aspiring travel bloggers will need a laptop, a working website, a passport, and enough cash to live and travel for at least two years. That’s because building a large enough audience to monetize takes time. Those who don’t have the savings required will likely need to take on additional part-time work while they get started.

Next, most new bloggers dedicate their time to posting lots of high quality, interesting, and useful content. The content itself can be about almost anything—travel tips, photography, hiking recommendations, etc—as long as it’s relatively frequent (one-two times a week) and provides real value to readers. Many bloggers also pitch stories to major media outlets, write guest posts on popular blogs, or invest in digital advertising to gain further attention. But no matter the strategy, the goal for any beginner travel blogger is the same: get readers first, revenue second.

Super Yacht Crew

Celebrity clients, a luxurious lifestyle, months and months on the open ocean: could any career sound dreamier? Jobs on a super yacht may not look quite like they do on Below Deck , but there’s no denying this is a fabulous way to see the world.

What is a super yacht?

Super yachts are massive, luxury boats measuring anywhere from 24 to 100 metres long. Expensive to buy and even more expensive to maintain, they are usually owned by the extremely rich and famous and their families. While some super yachts never make it out of the harbor, others will travel to some of the most exclusive destinations on earth, making them one of the most attractive work settings for those with wanderlust.

What does a super yacht crew do?

No matter what its size, almost every super yacht is manned by a group of skilled professionals: the super yacht crew. These personable and hard-working individuals live on board the vessel during long journeys, assisting with everything from cleaning to navigation.

Roles are varied, and can differ from yacht to yacht, but the most common positions include:

• Captain and First officer
• Mate and Deckhand
• Chief and Junior Steward(ess)
• Chef and Sous Chef
• First and Second Engineer

Some of these positions, like first engineer, are more technical, requiring extensive mechanical or seafaring knowledge. Others, like junior steward, are primarily service based. But no matter what their role, all members of the super yacht crew share a common goal: ensuring their employers and their guests are comfortable and safe for the duration of the voyage.

What’s the best thing about working on a super yacht?

For most people in this profession, the top attraction is the travel. Although real vacations are rare during the yachting season, most captains will try to give staff an occasional day off whenever possible. It may not offer a lot of time for sight seeing, but it does provide an opportunity to explore some of the world’s most exotic destinations—all expenses paid.

Is the super yacht life as glamorous as it sounds?

Many people are attracted to a super yacht career because of the lifestyle involved, but the daily reality of the super yacht crew is a little less glamorous than you’d expect:

• Living Conditions: Crew members live, eat, and work together closely for the duration of the voyage, which can be weeks or even months long. Accommodations are usually small and simple—either solo cabins or shared bunk rooms—and although privacy is possible, it’s usually rare. If you need a lot of alone time, this probably isn’t the career for you.
• Food: Meals aboard are usually prepared by the crew chef, which means they tend to be delicious, extremely high quality, and—best of all—free.
• Schedule: Super yacht crew live and work in the same space for months on end, which can make it difficult to maintain any real separation between work time and down time. Crews tend to be small and the clientele are often demanding, so working 12- to 14-hour shifts isn’t unusual.

Do super yacht jobs pay well?

Depending on the crew member’s experience and the size of the vessel, super yacht crew salaries can vary significantly. But in general, this is a very well-paid line of work—especially relative to other travel careers. Chief stewards can expect to make anywhere from $3000 to $8000 a month, and it’s not uncommon to see salaries as high as $90,000 on larger vessels.

Corporate Travel Careers

Got the travel bug but looking for a something more stable? Don’t fret—there are a plethora of corporate jobs in the travel sector. Providing all of the benefits of more “traditional” work, these exciting options offer a chance to see the world and plan for the future.

What kinds of travel companies offer corporate careers?

Corporate travel careers exist in a wide array of settings, each of which comes with its unique set of opportunities, perks, and drawbacks.

Because of the diversity of options, it can be hard to know where to look for a corporate travel job. But some of the most common work settings include:

• Airlines and airports
• Travel agencies
• Tour organizations
• Tourism offices
• Cruise companies (boat, bus, rail, etc.)
• Hotels, resorts, and hostels

What corporate jobs can I get in the travel industry?

Finding the right travel career isn’t just about deciding where to work; it also involves choosing the right kind of position. Corporate tourism jobs come in all shapes and sizes—too many to cover here—but here’s a quick list of some of the most popular ones:

• Marketing and publicity: From buying ads to writing website content, there are lots of ways to get involved in the promotional side of travel. Tasks might include crafting blog posts to boost an airline’s SEO, pitching news stories to travel magazines about an edgy new adventure tour, or designing an email newsletter to encourage signups for an upcoming cruise.
• Sales: Sales jobs in travel can include everything from cold calling potential customers to encourage tour signups to managing an entire sales department at an airport. Some standard duties in this line of work include creating sales plans, identifying Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), training sales staff, providing customer service, and more.
• Finance: Even train companies need accountants! There are a variety of financial jobs in the travel industry, which can include everything from managing a hostel’s A/R and A/P processes to working as an in-house auditor at a major resort.
• IT: As the travel industry becomes more and more digital, a career in IT can be a lucrative option. Whether it’s building online booking software or creating a new tourism app, there are lots of opportunities for technologically savvy wanderers.

What are the benefits of a corporate travel career?

Although corporate jobs may not be as hands-on as others travel careers, they do offer many of the same perks. Many hotel chains offer discounted (or even free) accommodation to their employees, making it easy to travel on a budget. The same is true for many airlines, tour companies, hostels, and travel agencies. In the right career, you can expect to travel at low cost almost anywhere in the world.

At the same time, corporate careers often come with advantages that other travel jobs can’t provide: excellent benefits, a flexible work schedule, an impressive salary, and a high level of job security. This added stability can make the corporate route an appealing option for travellers with children, mortgages, or other responsibilities at home.

A writer, researcher, and occasional spoon carver, she knows that the "right" career sometimes looks nothing like what you expected.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Hospitality Career Paths

For Candidates , Hospitality

After taking a hit during the pandemic, the hospitality industry has roared back to life. The leisure and hospitality sectors added 1.3 million jobs in the second quarter of 2022 and that growth shows no signs of slowing, with the sector accounting for 32% of new jobs created in September. 

This industry growth means exciting opportunities for professionals embarking on a career path in hospitality. Working in hotels, restaurants, and travel can be both rewarding and challenging, offering lots of opportunities for personal and professional growth. It’s also a sector that offers a lot of variety, and there are many hospitality career paths to choose from. If you’re considering a career in this exciting sector, here are some tips to get you started. 

Benefits of a Career in Hospitality

If you like meeting new people, you’ll love a career in hospitality. Many businesses in this industry cater to travelers, giving you a chance to interact with individuals from different backgrounds and cultures on a day-to-day basis. This also makes it a great choice for individuals who like to travel themselves. Working for an international hotel chain opens up the opportunity to easily move to a new state or country, and a love of traveling is often a plus for professionals. 

Hospitality is also an exciting career field with a lot of variety. With new challenges everyday and a plethora of roles to choose from, it’s hard to get bored with a career in hospitality. This also makes it a great field for people who want to keep learning and growing since there are always new skills to acquire and new roles to learn. 

From a practical standpoint, hospitality is also a growing industry with ample job openings. While many entry-level roles in the sector are lower-paying positions, you don’t need to acquire much experience before you rise up that ladder. A late-career professional in the hospitality industry can easily earn a 6-figure salary, especially in corporate leadership roles like VP of Operations or Regional Director with a hotel or resort chain. 

First Steps to Start a Career in Hospitality

While many roles within the hospitality industry don’t have a specific degree requirement, a university program can be an excellent way to develop the baseline skills you’ll need to grow your career. It can also jump-start your career progress, clearing the way to administrative, sales, and finance roles that start at a higher salary than customer-facing roles. 

Whether or not you have a degree, you’ll need to get some experience in the industry before you start applying for management positions. The good news is, these roles are widely available and the skills are highly transferable. For those interested in ownership or management, getting experience in a variety of roles can give you a broader understanding of the industry. This could mean spending some time as a waitress, front desk agent, bartender, housekeeper, or customer service representative, just to name a few options. 

Who Thrives in Hospitality Careers?

While there is a lot of social interaction involved in most hospitality roles, that doesn’t mean it’s a career path exclusive to extroverts. In fact, introverts can make excellent hospitality workers because they’re naturally inclined to shift the attention to other people–in this case the customers, which is exactly where the focus should be. 

The most important thing is that you’re friendly, approachable, and equally comfortable speaking to and listening to a wide range of people. Empathetic people do especially well in hospitality. Whether it’s a business trip, a family vacation, or a life milestone like a wedding, travel and events can be stressful, and you’ll be interacting with people at both their best and their worst.

That can also make hospitality a demanding career. Professionals in this industry may work long or odd hours and often find themselves in high-pressure, high-stress situations. The ability to maintain a cool head and keep a smile on your face, even when facing high demands from multiple directions, is a good indication of success in hospitality. 

6 Popular Hospitality Career Paths

Hospitality management.

Typical education: Associate’s or Bachelor’s degree in Hospitality Management Average entry-level salary: $40,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $83,000/year

In a broad sense, professionals in hospitality management are focused on providing an exceptional guest experience at hotels, resorts, cruise lines, restaurants, and other attractions. These roles also oversee the business aspects of hospitality and leisure organizations, coordinating the sales, marketing, and finance departments with human resources, customer service, and operational employees to ensure the overall success of the team. 

Some skills that are crucial for success in this field include teamwork, communication, time management, and organization. A high level of emotional intelligence and empathy is also crucial for interacting with both guests and reports, and strong leadership skills will help you advance along this career path. Manager and director positions in this field will also have administrative duties, which can include reviewing sales and customer data analysis as well as practical and logistical tasks like scheduling staff and events, so those who thrive in these roles have skills in a range of areas. 

Fresh graduates in hospitality management will often start off in hospitality jobs like hotel front desk agent, concierge, and other guest relations roles. As you’re ready to take on more responsibilities, positions could include roles like event planner or coordinator, front office manager, director of rooms, or catering manager. This combination of education and experience also opens up career opportunities like hospitality sales representative, hospitality recruiter, or hospitality trainer, while other experienced professionals go into business for themselves as a hospitality consultant. 

Restaurant Management

Typical education: High school diploma, Associate’s or Bachelor’s degree Average entry-level salary: $38,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $57,000/year

A restaurant manager coordinates the operations of businesses in the food services industry. This can include stand-alone restaurants ranging from fast food all the way through fine dining. These professionals may also work as part of a larger team, managing the food and beverage services of hotels, cruise lines, casinos, and other types of in-house dining. 

While some restaurant managers hold a degree in hospitality, in most cases that’s not a requirement, making it one top choice for those without a college education. In fact, a number of restaurant managers have no education beyond a high school diploma or GED, and even that’s not a requirement with enough experience, especially since many restaurant chains offer training courses. Communication and interpersonal skills are crucial for people in this industry, as is a deep knowledge of and interest in the broader food and restaurant world.

Many restaurant managers start off in front of the house roles like server, waiter, host, or bartender, but you can also gain the needed skill sets working as a cook, chef, baker, or barista. Along with direct management roles within restaurants, experienced professionals may also work in corporate settings as a regional or company director of restaurants, or share their knowledge as a consultant or crew trainer. 

Culinary Arts

Typical education: High school diploma, culinary school Average entry-level salary: $35,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $73,000/year

While restaurant managers focus on the operations of a restaurant and the people who work in it, a career path in the culinary arts focuses on the food. Similar to other restaurant leadership roles, experience matters more than education, and many professionals at the top of their field were never students in a culinary school course. 

Careers in the culinary arts often start with back of the house roles like dishwasher, prep cook, line cook, or sous chef, though those more interested in beverages than food may start as a bartender or barista. Where your career goes from there will depend on your skill sets and interests. Experienced professionals may work as executive chefs, pastry chefs, food stylists, private caterers, butchers, or food and beverage directors within a hotel or resort. Roles on the beverage side can include brewer, wine maker, or sommelier, just to name a few options.

Whichever area of the food industry you want to work in, those in the culinary arts share some core skill sets. Flexibility is crucial since these roles often work long hours, evenings, and weekends, and the ability to work well under pressure is a must. Attention to detail and strong communication and interpersonal skills are also a benefit.

Hotel Management

Typical education: Bachelor’s degree in hospitality or business Average entry-level salary: $40,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $89,000/year

Where hospitality management encompasses a variety of roles within the hospitality and leisure industry, a hotel manager is focused on hotel operations. This can include roles like innkeeper or owner/operator. These professionals can also serve as property manager or director within a larger hospitality corporation as they advance through their careers. 

Like other roles in hospitality, a hotel manager needs to have strong team building, communication, and interpersonal skills. They also need a strong understanding of hotel finances and excellent attention to detail, both as it concerns data about their hotel and the cleanliness and functionality of the property. 

Some hotel managers start in customer-facing roles like front desk agent or housekeeper. However, it can also be helpful to have experience on the behind-the-scenes side of hospitality, especially in HR, sales, and marketing. Other examples of roles in hotel management include hospitality marketing manager, general manager, or hospitality educator or trainer. 

Tourism Management

Typical education: Bachelor’s degree in business or hospitality Average entry-level salary: $58,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $78,000/year

Like hospitality management, tourism management is a broad career path that can include positions in a lot of niche industries. A tourism manager may work for a hotel or resort, but they’re also employed by travel agencies, conference and convention centers, amusement parks, casinos, and other entertainment businesses, like sports arenas or concert venues. They may even work for city and state governments putting together media packages and other outreach to increase tourism income. 

Because of this variety of careers in the tourism job market, the entry level roles you can take to get started are equally varied. Often, they’ll start off interacting with customers, for example as travel agents, concierges, or tour guides. You can also start off working with booking systems and other technologies that are increasingly prevalent in the tourism industry. 

The specific aspect of tourism you’re involved in will influence the specific skill sets you’ll need to develop. That said, a personal touch is expected in nearly every aspect of this industry, making customer service, communication, emotional intelligence, and networking skills among the most desirable across roles. Strong organization, leadership, and problem solving skills will also be helpful for advancing within this career. 

Event Planning

Typical education: Bachelor’s degree in hospitality, business, or management Average entry-level salary: $37,000/year Average salary after 10 years: $69,000/year

The typical duties of event planners are right there in the job title. These professionals arrange all the details for meetings, conferences, celebrations, festivals, and other large social and professional gatherings. They may also work for universities and schools to help them plan outreach and educational programs, or take roles with nonprofits to help plan fundraisers and charity services. 

This is a role best-suited to outgoing, social people. They coordinate and communicate with a wide range of people both within and outside organizations and need to feel comfortable in a range of social situations. Organization and time management are also critical, and you’ll need a strong eye for detail to ensure every aspect of an event is planned to perfection. 

Some typical job titles within this career path include hospitality event coordinator, events manager, corporate planner, and promoter. In the nonprofit sector, roles include hospitality fundraiser and volunteer coordinator. 

How to Choose the Right Career Path?

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer for this question. Think about your interests and the type of work environment that allows you to be your best. If you’re not sure which aspect of hospitality is the best fit, there’s no substitute for getting hands-on experience. Even if you end up pivoting to a different type of role in the future, the transferrable skills you learn working in any hospitality role will contribute toward your career progress. 

Bristol Associates, Inc. is an executive search firm with over 55 years of excellence in recruiting nationwide. Bristol specializes in recruiting for the Casino Gaming; CBD; Facility and Concession; Food and Beverage Manufacturing; Healthcare; Hotel and Resort; Nonprofit; Restaurant and Foodservice; and Travel, Tourism, and Attraction industries.

If you’re interested in working with Bristol Associates, click  here  if you’re an employer or  here  if you’re a candidate.

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Top 10 Careers in Tourism and Hospitality

Posted by Oxbridge Academy | Mar 26, 2015 | Career Tips and Advice , Tourism and Hospitality | 48 |

If you think back to the last holiday you had, what were the highlights that you remember? The spacious hotel room with a view of the sea? The planned excursions while you were away? Or the mouth-watering food served at the fancy restaurant you went to?

There are many people behind the scenes who make things happen so that you can enjoy your holiday, from the travel agent who booked your flights and accommodation, to the housekeeper at the hotel, and the local travel guide who showed you around.

If you’re looking for exciting career opportunities in this line of work, look no further. Here are the top 10 careers in Tourism & Hospitality .

1) Travel Agent

Travel Agents research, plan, and book trips for individuals and groups. Although people are starting to research and book their travel plans online, it’s often easier to use a Travel Agent, as they have years of experience and knowledge. They are able to help with flight bookings, hotel selection, transfer arrangements, and holiday activities.

If you’re considering becoming a Travel Agent, you will need great organisational skills, attention to detail, and the ability to think on your feet. Find out more about a day in the life of a Travel Consultant   here .

2) Hotel Manager

Hotel Managers oversee all aspects of running a hotel – from housekeeping and general maintenance to budget management and marketing of the hotel. If you’re considering a career as a Hotel Manager , you will need excellent interpersonal skills, experience in the hospitality industry, and a number of years’ experience in managing employees.

You will be responsible for the daily running of the hotel, including recruiting, training and supervising staff; managing budgets; planning maintenance work; dealing with customers’ complaints; overseeing reservations; promoting and marketing the hotel; and ensuring that the hotel complies with health and safety regulations.

3) Spa Manager

Spa Managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of health and/or beauty spas. They manage a spa’s finances, employees, and services. Many of the tasks are business-related and can include recordkeeping, getting involved in promotional campaigns, maintaining stock inventories, and payroll management.

Spa Managers typically create weekly work schedules, oversee general spa maintenance, train new employees, and arrange staff workshops on new treatments. Often, experience in spa management is essential when applying for a position.

4) Tour Operator

A Tour Operator typically combines tour and travel components to create holiday packages. He or she will deal with various service providers, including bus operators, airlines and hoteliers.

Tour Operators prepare itineraries for various destinations and will often monitor trends in popular destinations in order to put together attractive holiday packages for clients. Tour Operators mainly deal with Travel Agents, while Travel Agents deal with the public. Tour Operators will often visit destinations to check whether they should include them in their packages. If you enjoy travelling, this might be the job for you.

5) Event & Conference Organiser

Organising any event or conference is time consuming, so an Event and Conference Organiser will help with the finer details of planning an event. The role is hands-on and often involves working as part of a bigger team. Event and Conference Organisers co-ordinate every detail of meetings and conferences, from the speakers and meeting locations to the printed materials and audio-visual equipment.

If you’re interested in becoming an Event and Conference Organiser, you will need to be able to think on your feet, pay attention to detail, deal with clients and suppliers, and work under tight deadlines. You will also have to be willing to work long hours in order to ensure the success of an event.

6) Tour Guide

Tour Guides work in the travel industry, and give guided tours to groups of visitors/tourists. Tour Guides must have expert knowledge of specific areas, including natural features, historic sites, museums, and other tourist destinations. Guides may give walking tours, bus tours, or even boat tours.

If you decide to become a Tour Guide, you will probably get most of your experience on the job. You will need excellent communication skills – and speaking more than one language will definitely benefit you.

7) Executive Chef

If you’re passionate about cooking for a crowd and think you might have what it takes, this might be the perfect career for you.

8) Sommelier

In short, a Wine Sommelier is an expert in wines. A Wine Sommelier is passionate about wine. He or she is a highly trained and knowledgeable wine professional, specialising in all aspects of wine service. Five-star restaurants will often employ a Sommelier to develop their wine list and to help customers find a wine within their budget that suits their tastes and complements their food.

As a Sommelier, your day might not start until 14:00, when you review your inventory, meet with suppliers, and arrange to taste wines. Before the restaurant opens for dinner, you go over the wine list with your staff. Then you work the floor, seeing to customer’s needs. Your day might not end until 01:00 or 02:00 in the morning.

9) PR Manager

A PR Manager manages a brand’s reputation, and will plan, develop, and implement specific strategies to build and maintain the overall brand and reputation. Often, the PR Manger will also act as the company’s spokesperson. In the Tourism and Hospitality environment, a PR Manager might work for a hotel chain, a cruise company, or a game reserve.

The job will involve writing and syndicating positive press releases about the brand, arranging events at the hotel (including press conferences, exhibitions, open days, and tours) and connecting with relevant influencers in the industry. PR Managers will also have to deal with potential crisis situations. If you’re interested in becoming a PR Manager , you will have to have excellent communication and problem-solving skills.

10) Leisure Activity Co-ordinator

Leisure Activity Co-ordinators usually work for resorts and hotel chains. They’re the people on the ground who make sure that any planned activities run smoothly. They’re also responsible for every aspect of the day-to-day management of a leisure centre, organising health and fitness programmes, promoting and marketing the business, and interacting with guests. To become a Leisure Activity Co-ordinator, you will need excellent interpersonal skills, as you will spend most of your time interacting with guests.

To find out how you can prepare for an exciting career in the tourism and hospitality industry:

Click here to find out more

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48 Comments

I am going to study Tourism this year so i want to know what job i will work after compliting my degree

what do you enjoy doing if you love travelling the tour operator is your way to go

Yes i really love The travel and tourism course and I wish to pursue my career in it but I’m confused I need help

Hi Sphesihle To find out which course is best for you, please contact one of our student advisors at [email protected] . In the meantime take a look at the course that are available to study via distance learning – https://www.oxbridgeacademy.edu.za/courses/tourism-hospitality/ Kind regards

good foe uu:/

COMMENT l would like a career in executive chef

Hi, Miriam We do not offer chef courses, but we do have hospitality and catering courses. Take a look at these Hospitality and tourism courses or contact a student advisor for more information. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

A Hotel Manager Tour Operator Tour Guide

I would like to be a general manager

Yes I would like to be a general manager

On Oxbridge Academy do they provide job for you while studying?

Hi, Nanki We are a private college for distance learning studies. For career advise and job advertisements you can try Careers24 or Bizcommunity. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

COMMENT I would like a career in hotel management

Hi, Atalia Please contact one of our student advisors: [email protected] for more information on our hotel management course. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

I would like to study under tourism and hospitality and I would like to know that do Oxbridge Academy do they provide job for you while studying?

Hi, Mncedisi If you want to find out more about our Tourism courses, click here: https://www.oxbridgeacademy.edu.za/courses/tourism-hospitality/ . We do not provide work as we are an educational institution. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

If I will going to take the tourism course , Can I be a flight attendants?

Hi, Rose-Mirinda Tourism courses will be a component of flight attendant qualifications, but it wouldn’t make you a flight attendant. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

I would like to be a tour operator but I just want to know if it is a must to travel everytime to check for the client holiday place . And what are the good benefit in me becaming a tour operator?

Hi, Prunelle This would be specific to the place you work at. If you want to find out more maybe contact a local travel agency. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

I’d like to become an air hostess therefore I am going to study tourism. Is it a good option??

Hi Rae min Yes, Tourism is definitely a good course to study as a step on your way to becoming an air hostess. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

How many years does it take to study tourism?

Hi, Leyla If you do the N4-N6 qualification it normally takes up to 3 years. You also have to do 18 months practical/internship. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

Am studying tourism and hotel management can I get employment while still studying please

Hi Clinton That would depend on the company you apply to as every company will have specific requirements for a job. Kind regards

Hi I’d like to become an Tour Operator therefore I am going to study tourism. Is it a good option??

Hi, Tebogo Studying Tourism is definitely a good optionv if you want to become a tour operator. For more info contact us at [email protected] Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

What courses should I take in order to become an Leisure Activity Coordinator?

Hi, Victoria We don’t offer any Leasure Activities courses and thus, I have no idea which courses you will need. Try an online search regarding this career. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

this was very useful!!!1!

this was very helpful for my report

Is it possible for me to study PR Manager and be able to work in other Countries…

Hi Thabiso Project management is a skill that you can apply anywhere. So yes you can work in another country, but it will also depend on your experience and how your CV looks etc. Kind regards Oxbridge Academy

I do Tourism at high school I pass grade 12 on 2019 . I got 68 percentage on Tourism

Which job can take me

Please I want to be part of tourism industry M doing business studies , economics , tourism,maths lit..

Hi Nellie Once you have passed your matric, there are many options for you to follow, but we would recommend the N4-N6 Tourism qualification. Start with the N4 Tourism course and from there you can continue on to N5 and N6 and with 18 months practical experience you can recieve your National Diploma. For more information please contact one of our student advisors: [email protected] . Kind regards

I want to be a tour guide is it possible

Excuse me Mrs. pape but how could i become a TOUR OPERATOR?

Hi Malakih As with many careers you need to have a qualification first and then apply for a job at a hotel or spa or tourism company and so forth. Doing the N4-N6 National qualification at Oxbridge Academy would give you the best chance at a career as a tour operator. If you need more information please contact [email protected] Kind regards

Excuse me Mrs. pape but how could i become a spa manager?

I want to know that i can still change my subjects in collage becouse now m at grade 10

Hi Mthokozisi Regarding change of subjects, this is something you should ask your school, but normally schools allow you to change subjects. All of the best

I am studying tourism and hospitality and i want to become a tour operator.What more information about tour operator?

Is it possible..that if we apply for Hospitality and tourism than we will be able for working in travel agency?

I would like a job in tourism management

I looking forward for studying tourism and I would to ask that it’s a good course or I’m wasting my time?

you will become a tour operator, hotel manager , sommellier ect

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The tourism and hospitality career progression pathway

International Hospitality Review

ISSN : 2516-8142

Article publication date: 22 July 2022

Issue publication date: 25 March 2024

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation into declining and emerging occupations and job titles and to develop a national career progression pathway for the tourism and hospitality (T&H) sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Anchored on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study used face to face in-depth interviews of 33 industry stakeholders: policymakers, trade association, training providers and beneficiaries (T&H).

The finding reveals that only the “watchman” occupation was identified as the declining job while majority of the emerging jobs were more related to information technology and environmental occupations (website designers, digital marketers, data analysts, hygienists, and safety and hazard experts).

Practical implications

The findings provide a valuable signal for the growing number of jobs in security services, hygiene and information technology-oriented occupations, which the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture including practitioners including HR directors and general managers should respond timely to and to these growing needs in order to remain competitive in the sector.

Originality/value

This is the first study in context that responded to a call by industry players to fill in a practical knowledge gap in examining declining and emerging jobs and job titles in the T&H sector. The study provides vocational insights into mapping the entry level requirements for the jobs allied with occupations in the national technical and vocational educational training qualifications framework of Ghana at the national level.

• Career progression pathway
• Declining occupation
• Emerging occupation
• Social cognitive career theory
• Tourism and hospitality

Preko, A. and Anyigba, H. (2024), "The tourism and hospitality career progression pathway", International Hospitality Review , Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 54-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-02-2022-0005

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022, Alexander Preko and Hod Anyigba

Published in International Hospitality Review . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode

Introduction

A career development path provides employees with an ongoing mechanism to enhance their skills and knowledge that can lead to mastery of their current jobs, promotions and transfers to new or different positions – Society of Human Resource Management ( SHRM, 2017 , p. 12).

Employability and career development in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) industry has become the key focus for researchers and practitioners, particularly for hotels, restaurants, amusement parks, cruises, events, casinos, parks, entertainment and other tourism-related services ( Calinaud, Kokkranikal, & Gebbels, 2021 ). To this end, employers in the hospitality and tourism sector are directing efforts toward recruiting and selecting industry-specific talents and candidates for jobs in the sector to avert underperformance and turnover rates ( Aicher, Buning, & Newland, 2020 ; Calinaud et al. , 2021 ; Cassel, Thulemark, & Duncan, 2018 ). The barriers to career development in the T&H industry and hence their mobility in the industry are evident, and have been in the apparent frame of attention ( Cassel et al. , 2018 ). For example, Cassel et al. (2018) noted that in Sweden, the supply of labour and supply of competence are critical issues facing the sector. Similarly, due to the industry's poor reputation for good jobs, attracting and retaining staff worldwide has always been a challenge ( Barron, Maxwell, Broadbridge, & Ogden, 2007 ; Baum, 2015 ). Mobility in the T&H industry is particularly alarming because the education levels in the sector are low, the entrance barriers are relatively low compared to other industries, renumerations are low, and it is quite easy to change jobs in the sector because most jobs are mostly temporary, and sometimes seasonal ( Hemdi & Nasurdin, 2006 ). These staff mobility problems pose serious challenges to career development and overall growth of the sector. A few studies have attempted to address the mobility, turnover and career pathway problems in the T&H industry. These studies, however, have largely been conducted in advanced economy contexts (see: Cassel et al. , 2018 ; Chang & Tse, 2015 ), with set limitations in terms of methodology, theory and scope. This issue presents an apparent evidence gap and practice–knowledge gap. A different study context, such as a developing country context, presents a rare opportunity to investigate career pathways pertinent to the local T&H industry.

According to TIME's 2021 world's greatest places list, Accra (capital of Ghana) is the Number 1 destination in Africa for tourists ( Oluwole, 2022 ). In spite of this gain, Ghana's T&H industry has faced major challenges of fragmented and uncoordinated career pathway progressions that undermine the development of the sector. This suggests the inability of the T&H sector to comprehensively define the occupations in the industry. For example, Ghanaian graduates who enter the T&H labor market are not perfectly aligned and suited to the requirements of the labor market. The T&H labor market, as it is today, is having growth problems. A resource constrained post-COVID-19 scenario unsurprisingly poses an existential threat – calling for a proper retooling and skill-set enhancement for industry players. Currently, an overview of Ghana's T&H industry indicates that tourism is regarded as the fourth income generating sector after gold, cocoa and oil ( MOTAC, 2019 ). In 2018, the industry contributed US$ 1,947.5 million, which was an increase of 4.9% of Ghana's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ( MOTAC, 2019 ). A report of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (2017) estimates that the sector's contribution to Ghana's GDP will increase by 4.2% to US$ 4,522.3 million by 2028. In terms of employment, the industry has offered approximately 692,000 direct and indirect jobs, which represented 5.3% of the total national employments in 2017 ( WTTC, 2017 ). This figure is estimated to grow to 807,000 jobs by 2028 ( WTTC, 2017 ).

to examine existing, declining and emerging occupations in the Ghanaian tourism and hospitality sector;

to examine the entry level requirements for the jobs associated with the occupations in the sector in accordance with the National Technical and Vocational Education and Training Qualification Framework (NTVETQF); and

to develop national career pathways for possible T&H job progressions from lower to higher qualifications.

Indeed, investigations of this nature within the tourism literature are important, given the critical roles (income earner, employment generation, foreign exchange earner and investment attracter) the sector plays in the development of any given economy. It is, therefore, imperative to critically examine the status quo, and offer practical yet crucial solutions to policymakers and practitioners. There is also the need to extend our understanding of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT).

The study contributes to the growing literature on career development in the T&H in three ways. First, this study is among the first to develop a career map and anticipation structure for the T&H industry to fill an evidence gap. Second, the study contributes to the practice–knowledge gap in the literature by heeding to ILO and researchers' calls to solve the turnover, career mismatch (skills anticipation and mismatch), career progression and job satisfaction problems in the T&H industry ( Cassel et al. , 2018 ; ILO, 2020 ). Third, the novelty of the study is hinged on three theoretical contributions. First, the SCCT is extended and applied to fit career development in the T&H sector. Previously, self-efficacy or individual behavior was a major consideration in personal career development. However, in today's dynamic and competitive labor market, the T&H job environment is largely influenced by the national career paths, which is an extension of the SCCT theory. Second, the study reveals that self-efficacy may be enhanced when individuals are subjected to training in specific career pathways. Lastly, the SCCT has been used extensively at the personal and organizational levels. This study attempts to apply the theory to a national career pathway to fully harness the triadic reciprocity of person, behavior and context.

The study is structured in the following ways. First, we present a review of the existing literature on career progression in T&H. Next, we present the data collection and data analysis and then the main findings, discussion, limitation and future research direction. Finally, we present the conclusions and implications of the study.

Literature review

The social cognitive career theory (scct).

In general, career theories are usually contingent on environmental, economic and social factors. Hitherto career paths and development were structured by organizations, which were fundamentally a linear progression through the career stages ( Arthur & Rousseau, 2001 ). Earlier, employee success was defined by promotions, allowances, increments and job stability. Traditionally, organizational careers have been conceptualized as linear trajectories where employees progress in their careers in a linear hierarchical structure within the organization. This lifespan development model, which contrasts the “boundaryless career” model, discusses steady states and linear careers marked by a common work role for life and upward mobility ( Arthur & Rousseau, 2001 ; Eby, Butts, & Lockwood, 2003 ; Marler, Woodard Barringer, & Milkovich, 2002 ; Miller & Form, 1951 ). Given today's fast-paced and volatile organizational environment, scholars are beginning to put together new career development models and theories that explain the dynamic and changing nature of careers in diverse sectors, including the T&H sector.

There has been considerable vitality evident in career development research in the past 40 years. At its inception, Bandura (1986) paved the way by expanding his research on the Social Learning Theory (SLT) to Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). The SCT posits that employees (for example, individuals in the T&H sector) learn through a social complex environment with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the individual, environment and behavior. The theory lays emphasis on social influence and its accompanying internal and external social reinforcements. Previous fundamental and related theories have been refined and reconceptualized, and expanded ( Holland, 1985 ; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994 ; Super, 1980 ). As a result, several novel theoretical perspectives have been introduced ( Hackett, Lent, & Greenhaus, 1991 ). The SCCT, an extension of the SCT in the context of career development, helps to “(a) bring together conceptually related constructs (e.g. self-concept, self-efficacy), (b) more fully explain outcomes that are common to a number of career theories (e.g. satisfaction, stability), and (c) account for the relations among seemingly diverse constructs (e.g. self-efficacy, interests, abilities, needs)” ( Hackett & Lent, 1992 , p. 443).

The SCT is predominantly hinged on the concept of triadic reciprocity. In this model, (1) observable behavior or responses depicted in the forms of actions; (2) personal attributes and physical attributes; and (3) external environment, all work together as interlocking mechanisms that affect each other bidirectionally ( Bandura, 1986 ). Personal attributes in the SCT are linked with a variety of self-reflective, vicarious, self-regulatory and cognitive processes ( Bandura, 1986 ). Each of these mechanisms are assumed to play a vital role in guiding psychosocial functioning, but goal representations, outcome expectations and self-efficacy beliefs are particularly important in the SCCT. The SCCT of career development focuses heavily on the mechanism of personal agency (i.e. self-efficacy appraisals). Self-efficacy refers to “people's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances” ( Bandura, 1986 , p. 391). Specifically, self-efficacy percepts are considered to be responsible for a person's emotional reactions, choice of activities, choice of environment, thought patterns, expenditure and career paths. These personal attributes or beliefs are dynamic, not static, and may be context specific. Together, person, behavior and context , affect each other bidirectionally in the SCCT of career development ( Hackett & Lent, 1992 ).

Individuals’ environment exposes them to different activities and career paths from childhood to adolescence. These observed experiences expose them to various organizational tasks. Apart from the exposure from this environment, they are differentially strengthened to pursue certain selected activities in which they may excel, thereby receiving the appropriate reward. In other words, people pick career choices in which they view themselves as most efficacious ( Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994 ). In the context of the T&H industry, career options are selected by people based on their self-efficacy, particularly personal behavior or traits they exhibit, and the environment in which they find themselves. The application of the SCCT in the T&H sector influences our thoughts in three ways:

First, the T&H job environment is largely influenced by the national career paths available to people. This is because people find it easier applying and selecting jobs that are within their competency areas once the national career pathway has predefined roles. The national career pathways consequently influence individual choice. For example, a room attendant who understands the various career paths available to him/her may develop interest and work (through education and training) toward becoming an interior décor designer. Second, outcome expectations – an attribute of self-efficacy, may be enhanced when individuals are subjected to training in specific career pathways. Once individuals are taken through job specific trainings, they develop more realistic expectations concerning the prediction of their next job or promotion. This systematic approach to expectation enhances self-efficacy of employees who, in turn, grow more confident in the respective job roles, which translates into better performance. Third, the SCCT has been used extensively at the personal and organizational levels. This study attempts to apply the theory to a national career pathway to fully harness the triadic reciprocity (person, behavior and context) . The national career pathway presents a unique opportunity to understand how unique individuals reach specific career contexts, considering the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute a particular course of action required to achieve the desired work outcomes in the T&H sector.

Career progression in tourism and hospitality

The existing literature ( Amissah, Mensah, Mensah, & Gamor, 2020 ; Armoo & Neequaye, 2014 ; DeMicco & Forgia, 2020 ; McGinley & Martinez, 2018 ; Murry et al. , 2017 ; Kim, Chun, & Petrick, 2009 ; Tolkach & Tung, 2019 ; Weber & Ladkin, 2008 ) has indicated the importance of career progression as a catalyst for human development in the T&H industry. Tolkach and Tung (2019) noted that the industry depends on recruitment and employee career progression. This is also considered relevant in human capital development. Usually, workers are optimistic about career progression in their lifetime. Sheu et al. (2010) examine the significant role employees' choice goal plays in the social cognitive career theory context. It was found that choice goal significantly explains self-efficacy and outcome expectations of employees. This finding provides the understanding that people develop goals to pursue academic and career relevant programs that are in-line with their interest, as well as their self-efficacy and outcome expectation. From the organization's point of view, the provision of career progression pathways offers opportunities for employees to have a clear direction and become managers of their own career paths, and motivates them to work hard in achieving higher positions. In addition, clear and concise career pathways may enable employees to choose a path that correlates with their interest and abilities or realign their career path. Using data from the Ghanaian T&H sector, Armoo and Neequaye (2014) found that industry–person congeniality, social benefit factors, opportunity for professional development and job competitiveness were crucial in determining Ghanaian students' choice of career options. This finding referenced that occupational development is a significant factor in explaining choice of career options in the T&H sector. On the other hand, the career literature has indicated some related human resource management elements such as employee competency behavior, employee bonding, citizenship behavior, career decisions and how they affect career progression ( Amissah et al. , 2020 ; Chang & Tse, 2015 ). Yoganathan, Osburg and Bartikowski's (2021) study on employee competency in the tourism sector established that social media competency increases bonding. Competency helps employees to build better and broader connection with others, which enhances bonding in the workplace. This signifies that when bonding exists in an organization, workers are more likely to protect and defend their organizational reputation. In addition, Shehawy (2017) investigated how the tourism education process, tourism employability and job competitiveness using the Egyptian tourism data. The findings showed that there are significant relationships that exist between tourism learning outcome and other indicators (tourism curriculum mapping, design measurements and employability competitiveness). Earlier studies (See: Hall, 2011 ; Voight & Laing, 2010 ) have also identified the importance of fertility and reproductive tourism, which are directly connected to productivity of the labor. The recent study of Elbaz, Mathew, Maher, Onjewu and Shehawy (2021) on motherhood fertility found that motherhood desire has a positive influence on attitude, subjective norm and female tourists' revisit intentions and actual behavior. Again, it is important to note that fertility exerts a negative influence on workforce participation when women have a newborn baby. This has a decreased effect on workforce participation for women who have just become mothers, which has implications for female workers' careers in the T&H sector.

The recent literature defined career progression pathways as a sequence of positions, which might be occupied by workers from the junior to the senior level in any given organization ( Gebbels, 2019 ; Tolkach & Tung, 2019 ). In the context of this research, the career progression pathway is contextualized as a step-by-step development of employees' career stages, from a lower to a higher rank in T&H organizations or between organizations with similar professions or specialization. This study's definition highlights the fact that the concept of career progression in the T&H study context implies employees will remain at the same job position or make a calculated effort to move up the occupational ladder. O'Leary and Deegan (2005) , using data from the career progression of Irish T&H context, found that there is a significant dropout of workers in the T&H sector due to poor remuneration and unfavorable working hours. Similarly, Hakim's (2020) study provided evidence that career development significantly influenced organizational commitment of employees in the tourism sector. The above empirical findings emphasize the importance of career progression in the T&H industry as a catalyst for the sector's development.

Research is still lacking in developing a national career progression pathway for the T&H workforce within the Ghanaian perspective. Hence, it is opportune to conduct a comprehensive career progression pathway assessment, and map occupations and their respective job titles for the Ghanaian T&H sector, which has been neglected in the career progression literature. In all, we present a literature matrix (see: Table 1 ), which demonstrates how extant studies have investigated career progression in different research contexts.

Research methodology

The focus of this study was to gather primary qualitative data from policymakers, T&H trade related associations, training providers and beneficiaries (T&H businesses). Note that the training providers were selected across the entire country while policymakers, trade associations and beneficiaries were selected in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. We used the purposive sampling method to select the participants to answer questions relating to the national framework that regulates T&H jobs including technical and vocational jobs, qualification requirements or guidelines and possible career progression. In all, this study used in-depth interviews of 33 industry stakeholders (interviewees) out of the 35 participants sampled earlier through face-to-face and telephone interviews to collect data that focused on unearthing the T&H occupations (existing, declining and emerging) and job titles, and further developed occupational pathways’ progression taking into consideration all the “eight-levels” of the NTVETQF (See: Figure 1 ). We followed the recommendation of Saunders et al. (2018) to use the strategy gathering rich (quality) and thick (quantitative) data to achieve data saturation and rigor. The sample size of 33 was determined by achieving data saturation, and there was an agreement between the researchers to halt recruiting more interviewees. Table 2 shows the detailed sampled summary of the number of interviewees used for this study and their respective institutions. Purposively, this study interviewed participants from the above institutions on the basis of their deep understanding of the industry.

In this study, the job title is regarded as a rank or position of an employee, while occupation is the task or core function performed by an employee. Following Creswell's (2014) definition, an in-depth interview is a technique designed to elicit information from an interviewee's perspective on a research topic. The key industry players or stakeholders interviewed for this study were categorized into four groups based on the final outcome of the study where a comprehensive career progression pathway was to be mapped in consultation with the industry players. The categories include policymakers (government ministries, departments and agencies), employer and trade associations (members of Ghana Tourism Federation (GHATOF)), training providers (hotel, tourism and catering training institutes, master craft persons and other relevant training institutions) and beneficiary partners (selected small, medium and large size tourism and hospitality companies/businesses).

In order to explore the research objectives in a consistent manner, the researchers developed a comprehensive interview guide including probing questions based on the three specific objectives proposed by the funding partners of the project, namely existing, declining and emerging jobs; entry qualifications; and possible career pathways development. All the participants responded to Question 1 to 6, and the remaining questions were stakeholder specific (see A ppendix ). First, the researchers presented a draft of the research instruments for this study to the industry players at a workshop where comments and suggestions were provided. Secondly, the revised questions were scrutinized by four tourism and hospitality experts from industry and academia appointed by the funding partners of the project.

Each participant was interviewed in English language by the researchers at an agreed location most convenient (e.g. offices and homes) for the interviewee. The interviews were conducted between October 9 and 16, 2020, using digital recorders, allowing for a word-by-word transcription of each interview that lasted approximately 40–65 minutes. A follow-up was done by phone for clarifications and more information when necessary. The transcriptions were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis to examine patterns in the occupations identified in the industry. We followed the recommendations made in the existing literature ( Mayring, 2000 ; Schreier, 2012 ) to conduct the content analysis for this study. First, we read the transcriptions over and over for content familiarity, keeping in mind the specific objectives of the study. Second, with the help of NVivo 12, we separately employed “in vivo coding”, which allows the researchers to derive codes from the actual words of the interviewees in the data itself. This form of coding is useful when the researcher interacts with the interviewees on particular issues. For example, we were interested in specific jobs and job titles in the Ghanaian T&H sector. Interestingly, the researchers individually coded the data in order to check whether we have obtained the same conclusions after reviewing the same data. This guarantees data validation, credibility, dependability and confirmability, which are considered as strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research ( Lazaraton, 2017 ; Shenton, 2004 ). Third, the identified codes were processed into three specific categories such as existing occupation, declining occupation and emerging occupation. Finally, the categories were developed into the three main themes: information technology jobs, environmental jobs and job titles.

This study adhered to the COVID-19 protocols in the data collection stages. The COVID-19 protocols of social distancing of at least two meters apart, use of a face mask, avoidance of handshakes, hand washing and use of hand sanitizers as recommended by the World Health Organization ( WHO, 2020 ) were observed during the entire period of the field research. The sample comprised 23 males (69.7%) and 10 females (30.3%). Averagely, all the interviewees had working experience in the industry of ten years and above. In all, the findings and the proposed national career pathways were validated at a workshop based on the inputs received from key stakeholders such as the employers and employees of the sector.

The findings revealed six subsectors within the Ghanaian T&H sector, proposed as “travel and tour”, “lodging”, “catering”, “events”, “education and training” and “arts and culture”, which were useful in mapping occupations and their respective job titles. Tables 3–8 showed occupations and job titles plotted according to the “eight levels” qualification framework (minimum to maximum levels), which responded specifically to Objective 2 of this study (entry level requirement of occupations associated with the T&H sector). Table 9 presented the national career progression pathways for the sector, which specifically addressed Objective 3. In summary, the key findings of the study revealed that “watchman” ( Table 5 ) was found to be the only declining job in the Ghanaian T&H sector; whereas the emerging jobs were website designers, digital marketers, data analysts, hygienists, and safety and hazard experts, which were labeled in red texts in Tables 3–8 .

I don't think there is anything like that […]

Training provider

[…] not really. What I remember is the new Ghana Tourism Authority law, which I think made a provision that managers should be licensed; even that one has not seen light of the day.

Trade association

At the moment I will say “Yes” and “No”, because we have National Hospitality Act, which helps to set up a hospitality and build the capacity of employees. However, most hospitality companies in Ghana operate as private individuals, and the career progression in the public sector cannot be aligned with what they have.

Policymaker

Declining or emerging occupations and job titles

Correspondingly, the result of the first objective showed the declining and emerging jobs and titles.

I can see one emerging job “hospitality accountants”. Like hospitality accounting, which has not been popularized in our part of the world. Mostly, we use “financial accountants” to support the sector. Our institutions should train more “hospitality accountants” who will be able to manage the sector effectively. […] one of the declining job titles in this country now is “watchman” which literally means keep an eye on something for me. Sophisticated devices like CCTV and security gadgets have taken over their job.

Mostly, the foreign hospitality firms come to work in Ghana with their chefs who are specialized in the international or continental foods. They only employ our local chefs when they are engaging in local foods which serve local consumers and some international tourists. Usually, these occupations “sommelier”, and “executive chef” are not available in our labor market. This is because our higher institutions do not have programs for these specializations. For example, if you examine how people become chefs, most of the chef started like a steward or cleaner or gardener in the industry after completion of secondary schools. Then, they developed later the passion to be cooks and become chefs as they get the opportunity to progress.

Entry level requirements for the jobs and possible pathways in the T&H sector

On our beaches you can find people parading themselves as they help people who are drowning. They have learnt swimming informally and they help people at the beach. Some people called them local informal rescuers.

Beneficiary

We have the reservation agent who deals with ticketing and making travelling arrangement for tourists to travel to their destinations […] tour operator will put the tour package in terms of transportation and other logistics in place. In my organization I employ data analyst , who manages customers' data and other data related issues. It is seen as one of the emerging occupations that the industry cannot avoid if we want to be competitive. We must always analyze our markets' characteristics in order to plan and develop business strategies as well.

We are looking for food, beverage and sanitation officers as well as a Chef. I know they have various ranks of Chefs from executive Chef to the head Chef . Nowadays, you can also have pastry Chef, who specializes in pastry.

Trade Associations

[…] room attendant, cook, security, kitchen porters , waiters and waitresses usually consist of workers in the lower class in the Ghanaian labor market. Some people also see the cashiers as part of the restaurant service and the front officer in the reception. We also have the purchasing officers, store keepers, marketers as well as sales person who markets the tour packages to tourists. We are seeing demand for web designers and digital marketers as the industry strives hard to promote Ghana's T&H to the outside world on the social media and other digital platforms.

[…] if you go to other countries, they have specific courses for people to become bartenders . Bartenders in Ghana don't have any qualification before they begin to practice. They just enter as trainers and later they develop the passion to be bartenders.

Beneficiaries

Discussions of findings

To understand the career pathways’ progression, this research investigated the declining and emerging jobs and job titles and their respective entry level requirements in the T&H sector. Findings revealed that there are clear occupational paths available to all categories of workers in the six subsectors to progress in their choice of occupations. According to the SCCT, self-efficacy outlines the employee's capability to organize and attain the highest career paths. Further, the theory emphasizes that employees will pick a career path for which they view themselves as most efficacious ( Lent et al. , 1994 ). Interestingly, the possible career pathways accommodated diversification or realignment of occupations in the sector. For example, within the arts and culture subsector, woodcarver of Level 3 can diversify or realign an occupation after acquiring some level of training and formal education and become an assistant fashion designer or a sales trainee in Level 4 and progress to Level 6 to become a fashion designer, manager, sales manager or customer relationship manager. This pathway is possible because the individual, through training, develops a self-efficacy trademark such as positive attitudes, abilities and cognitive skills that boosts one's self confidence to make great strides in the job market.

Noticeably, the sector's career pathways’ progression is envisioned on some key emerging occupational areas: safety and security; technology adoption; and hygiene (environmental occupations). The findings on technology strengthens the understanding of how Ghanaian T&H businesses have gradually started deploying the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) within the field of robotics, which is regarded as one of the most exciting and promising applications for individuals and businesses operating within T&H. For example, providing the chatbots’ services that allow a hotel or travel company to provide 24/7 support through online chat or instant messaging services, even when their staff are not available. Analytically, the findings on technology, security, safety and hygiene imply that these findings are in line with UNWTO (2003) initiatives for nations to develop a national policy to safeguard tourists against risk and hygiene related matters such as crime, sexual assault, terrorism, food safety and hygiene. Furthermore, this shows that Ghana, a country ranked as the 115th of 136 tourism destinations in the world, is adhering to and aligning career paths that cover security and hygiene issues addressed in the UNWTO developmental plans for the T&H sector. In addition, the emerging technology supported occupations and job titles also demonstrated the level at which technology-oriented occupations have been responded to in the Ghanaian career pathways progression of the T&H sector. This signifies that the Ghanaian T&H sector is conforming to the best practices in the world T&H space. Furthermore, this study's finding highlighted Ghana's acceptance of various technology adoption measures supported by legislation such as the Electronic Transaction Act (Act 772 of 2008), National Information Technology Agency Act (Act 771 of 2008) and Data Protection Act (Act 843 of 2012) to protect and ensure quality service provision in the sector. This provides evidence of Ghana's preparedness in supporting the innovation technology that will benefit the T&H sector. The T&H sector depends on the Internet as one of the technological ways tourists can access the needed information related to online traveling sites, booking, photo check out, price comparison for vacations and e-transactions. Added to this, Ghana's Agenda for Jobs: Creating Prosperity and Equal Opportunity for All (2017–2024) of the Coordinated Program of Economic and Social Development Policies emphasized the transformation of the T&H sector through investment in innovation technology and job creation for excellent e-service to tourists such as websites, e-check-in and online booking.

The finding on the declining job and job title “watchman” reaffirmed that security related matters have become complex and the roles of “watchman” have been expanded to cater for the safety and security need driven for the sector. Ten years ago, the role of “watchman” in context was to watch over a property or premise at night when the owners or occupants are asleep. Today, the direction of crime has changed, given that there is daylight robbing, kidnapping, property theft, mugging, armed robbery, as well as terrorism acts evidenced in the sector. Previous studies in context have evidenced how tourists feel unsafe at some destination sites ( Boakye, 2010 ; Poku & Boakye, 2019 ; Preko, 2020a , 2020b ). It is also important to note that during the COVID-19 pandemic, security personnel have had an add-on function of checking the temperature of tourists, and ensuring the strict adherence of the COVID-19 protocols on site. This signifies that the security personnel job description has been expanded to include safeguarding the health and safety of tourists at sites. This observation is similar to the findings of Cheung, Takashima, Choi, Yang and Tung (2021) , where they investigated the impact of COVID-19 on psychological needs of tourists using the existence, related and growth theory. Their findings reinforce the importance of safety and security during COVID-19. This provides a signal that advances the understanding on how safety and security personnel and their careers can strategically be defined to manage any given situation in the sector.

Conclusion and implications

In conclusion, the current study revealed one declining job and 12 emerging jobs, mostly in the security, hygiene and information technology-oriented occupations; and developed national career pathways for the sector. Strategically, these results suggest that Ghana is on course in developing career paths that incorporate key components of the tourism and hospitality agenda of the UNTWO advocacy in the areas of safety, security, hygiene and deployment of technologies in the sector. This will position the country to compete effectively with other tourism nations worldwide. It was also found that the possible career paths developed make provision for diversification and realignment of occupations in the sector, which serves as a motivational factor to all employees who aspire to choose occupational paths with high social status, and promising and rewarding careers within the sector. Indeed, the results of this study have extended the national understanding of career progression, which has not been examined earlier in the T&H sector in context. The current study makes significant contributions that fill gaps in the extant tourism career literature. First, this is the first study in context that comprehensively examines declining and emerging jobs and job titles in the T&H sector. Second, the research provides vocational insights in mapping the entry level requirements for the jobs allied with occupations in the NTVETQF of Ghana at the national level. Third, findings from this research differ from earlier career research of Amissah et al. (2020) , who found perceptions toward the careers in the sector unfavorable in terms of the knowledge transfer skills, employee exposure to other career avenues and the offer of good promotion prospects using tourism students' data in context. Fourth, this study extends tourism studies ( Armoo & Neequaye, 2014 ; Kim et al. , 2009 ; Murry et al. , 2017 ; Tolkach & Tung, 2019 ) on career paths within the literature by using first-hand qualitative data from the key industry stakeholders. Fifth, this study has addressed the lack of national career pathways progression in accordance with the NTVETQF based on the six identified subsectors of the T&H sector, which will help to overcome the challenges of upgrading from the lower to higher ranks in the sector.

Practically, this study's findings provide learning opportunities for HR managers and general managers to develop specific HR policies and practices regarding recruitment, education, talent management and career progression management that will boost employee self-efficacy in the sector. It is important for the HR practitioners and managers in the sector to conduct periodic trainings, workshops, conferences, seminars and open fora on career progressions’ awareness matters for the T&H employees in order to increase their knowledge on the subject matter. Again, the T&H sector and its allied institutions should employ both hard and soft media (e.g. newspapers, television programs, brochures, websites etc.) in the dissemination of information about employee career progressions to ensure a continuous increase of knowledge on career pathways’ subjects. At the national level, the entry level for T&H occupations and career mapping for the T&H may now be adopted for use in the T&H industry. The career mapping for the T&H serves as a standardized career progression pathway that may guide T&H practitioners and administrators on job placement and promotion, to solve the practical knowledge gap of career misalignment in the T&H industry. Strategically, T&H businesses should embrace the significant role played by robotics and AI in order to develop the sector by deploying a variety of technologies, including collision detection, Wi-Fi and AI to navigate hotels and provide services. For industry practitioners, one practical implication is the valuable signal for the growing number of jobs in security services, hygiene and information technology-oriented occupations. The Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, including practitioners, HR directors and general managers, should respond timely to these growing needs in order to remain competitive in the sector. In addition, the findings inform HR managers, other practitioners and business owners about the need to pay attention to the entry level requirements for each occupation and apply them to useful ends accordingly. At a glance, the results reveal that only “watchman” occupation and job title was identified as a declining job. It is important to inform HR managers and general managers that they should always be up-to-date in looking out for jobs that might need training and re-qualification in their respective organizations. This strategy might be treasured in developing new skills needed for the sector. The finding of scarcity of some key professions or skills such as “hospitality accountant”, “sommelier” and “executive chef” in the sector implies that T&H managers and businesses, including HR managers, can make recommendations to the higher learning institutions to prepare these skills for the sector. This will encourage businesses in the T&H sector to begin engaging the services of Ghanaian workers to occupy these key positions in the sector. Again, the findings suggest to HR managers that organizational structure, design, culture and process should simultaneously create work-based learning for Ghanaian employees to acquire the skills that are a scarcity for the sector. Scholars have widely acknowledged that a structured and diversified career path progression offers employees mobility within the sector, which then motivates employees to work hard in achieving higher positions ( Gebbels, 2019 ; Kim et al. , 2009 ; O'Leary & Deegan, 2005 ; Tolkach & Tung, 2019 ). This research supports these viewpoints and further recommends that managers should consider providing working conditions that will boost employee self-efficacy to work harder to migrate from the lower to the higher positions in the industry. Practically, the study identified six subsectors in the T&H industry, namely: “travel and tour”, “lodging”, “catering”, “events”, “education and training” and “arts and culture”. Educational institutions could take a cue from this and develop courses and programs to fill the skills gaps in the sector. The recommendations provided in this study are not country specific but similar geographic settings can adopt some of the suggestions when necessary.

Our study furthermore contributes to the SCCT in three ways: First, the T&H ecosystem is largely influenced by the national career paths available to the people. As such, the SCCT inherently supports a national career path ecosystem that opens up career pathways to individual actors in the T&H sector. This opportunity helps individual actors or employees to organize and accomplish the highest career progression possible in the industry. Secondly, it is envisaged that individual actors in the T&H will work and progress with aplomb when the individual is taken through on-the-job training and education. In other words, the SCCT theory improves our understanding of how individual actors or employees in the T&H sector progress through the ranks on the back of an important outcome expectation of the SCCT – “self-efficacy”. Lastly, the SCCT has been used extensively at the personal and organizational levels. This study is the first to apply the SCCT to a national career pathway to fully harness the triadic reciprocity.

Limitations and area for future studies

In all, the findings of this study cannot be overlooked because, significantly, this is the first study in context that responds timely to the development of a national career progression, although there are some limitations. This research has the inherent limitations of a qualitative study that discourages the results to be generalized due to the lack of randomness in the selection and statistical representation of interviews although the qualitative approach is perhaps one of the best approaches to gathering unique insights from the industry. Further studies should investigate how HR managers, practitioners, employers and other stakeholders in the sector are applying and complying with the national career paths and provide recommendations for updates that will see continuous relevance of the career path document to the sector, as well as furthering investigations into the applications of robotics and AI in the sector. For future study directions, researchers should consider gathering quantitative data from employees of the sector regarding the applicability of the developed career path based on their choice, attitudes and viewpoints that can be gathered through different engagements such as workshops, seminars, conferences and open fora, etc.

National TVET qualifications framework

Compilations of the relevant literature used for this study

Number of interviewees sampled

Entry level requirement for lodging related occupations

Entry level requirement for the catering related occupations

Entry level requirement for events related occupations

Entry level requirement for education and training related occupations

Entry level requirement for arts and culture related occupations

Tourism and hospitality career pathway map

Appendix Research instruments

What is the specific regulatory document that defined career progression in the tourism and hospitality sector?

Is it a regulatory framework for only tourism or hospitality or for both tourism and hospitality?

Does the regulatory framework identify and describe all existing jobs including job titles, duration, entry requirements in the sector?

Does the regulatory framework define the opportunities for possible progression from the lower to higher qualifications with the respective jobs?

Are these occupations in the sector documented with their titles and job descriptions?

Are there any emerging or declining jobs in the tourism sector that should be titled and defined for the industry?

Are there any emerging or declining jobs in the hospitality sector that should be titled and defined for the industry?

Does the career path map the possible pathways for progression from lower to higher qualifications and respective jobs?

What is the minimum entry requirement for jobs in the tourism and hospitality sector?

What are the possible career paths for Proficiency I holders to obtain a bachelor degree in the sector?

What are some of the professions identified in the sector that are aligned to the NTVETQF guidelines?

What are the entry requirements for these qualifications: Proficiency I, II, Certificate I, Higher National Diploma, and Bachelor degree?

What are the further education and training programs on offer to individuals in the technical and vocational occupations to their career pathways?

In what specific ways is the institution preparing occupations in the sector for progression from the lower to higher qualifications and respective jobs?

Are you (employers' association/trade unions) represented on the regulatory body?

What are the tourism and hospitality academic qualifications offered in your institution? ( Training providers )

What programs of education and training do you provide for your employees? ( Beneficiary institutions )

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the ILO team: Ms. Vanessa L. Phala (ILO Country Director for Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Liaison for ECOWAS), Ms. IIca Webster (ILO Senior Skills Specialist for West Africa), Mr. Adetor Frank Kwasi (National Project Coordinator-ILO SKILL UP Ghana Component) and Mrs Elsie Amo (Project Administrative Officer-ILO SKILL UP Ghana Component); SSB team: Dr. Eunice Amissah (Chairperson), Mr. Kwesi Eyison, (Vice Chairperson), Dr. Adelaide Mensah-Kuffour (Secretary), Mrs. Bella Ehu (President of GHATOF), and Mr. Emmanuel Frimpong (Executive Secretary of GHATOF) and Tourism & Hospitality Sector Skills Body members and the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments from which the present paper greatly improved. The authors give special thanks to CTVET: Dr Fred Kyei Asamoah (Director General-CTVET), Mr. Theophilus Tetteh Zogblah (Coordinator-CTVET), and Ms. Edith Adotey (Program Officer-CTEVT), Data Collection/Interviews- Mrs. Egi Gaise. Any remaining errors or deficiencies are solely the authors’ responsibility.

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Building a Successful Career in Travel and Tourism

The travel & tourism industry is an ever-booming industry with minimal to zero possibilities of negative growth. This field offers unprecedented travel & tourism career opportunities for individuals who have an adventurous and exploring forte. This field provides career options in travel and tourism for those dedicated to creating lasting memories, whether it be selecting the latest exquisite places to visit or handling complex travel-related challenges.

In this guide, we’ll learn about the most well-known  travel and tourism  job opportunities available for those wishing to pursue a career in the travel and tourism business, along with step-by-step instructions on how to do so.

• What Career Paths Are Available in Travel and Tourism?
• What Skills and Qualifications Are Essential for Success?

How to Gain Relevant Experience in Travel and Tourism?

• How Important Is Networking in Travel and Tourism?

How Can You Advance Your Career in Travel and Tourism?

How does technology influence careers in travel and tourism.

• What Are the Future Trends in Travel and Tourism Careers?

What Career Paths are Available in Travel and Tourism?

The travel & tourism industry offers various jobs, based on different skill sets and interests of people. Here are some key roles:

Exploring Different Roles in the Travel and Tourism Industry

Different roles in the travel and tourism sector offer their own set of responsibilities and opportunities for growth.

• Travel Agent :  A travel agent plans trips pertaining to the client-said duration, budget and dates along with bookings and giving expert advice on popular destinations, accommodations and itineraries.
• Tour Operator :  A tour operator designs and implements the trips by managing logistics, cost management, customer service and ensures a seamless experience for all tourists.
• Hotel Manager :  Hotel managers oversee the daily operations of the hotel, manage accommodation and ensure a high-standard guest experience along with managing staff.
• Event Coordinator :  Organizes and executes events while dealing closely with vendors and clients, to satisfy their needs and establish a seamless and memorable experience.
• Destination Marketing Manager :  Destination marketing managers work across roles like destination promoter, social media endorser, content creator, and event coordinator. They are the key care takers for organizing and implementing marketing strategies to attract visitors.
• Tour Guide :  Tour guide provides necessary spot information to the tourists and explains the essence of the place while taking them around. They ensure safety precautions and engage visitors while sharing insights about the places.

What Skills and Qualifications are Essential for Success?

• Robust Communication Skills : Precise and impactful communication is required to convey the right information to clients and stakeholders, making them one of the most important skills in travel and tourism career opportunities.
• Exceptional Customer Service : Delivering top-notch customer service is the driving force of this industry. It certifies as a fulfilling experience for clients, a core aspect of travel tourism jobs.
• Problem-solving Thinking & Attitude : Decoding and fixing complex travel issues, urgent requirements and unexpected challenges that arise during trips is one of the core skills required to ensure a smooth and enjoyable travel experience for all clients.
• Efficient Organizational Skills : Multi-tasking and keeping intact details about the trip, managing personalized requests, etc. all come under the forte of exceptional organizational skills required to be proficient in this field.
• Broad Cultural Awareness : Having knowledge and awareness about cultures across the world makes it easier to connect with people on a meaningful level.
• Cutting-edge Technical Skills : Having knowledge about various software and online booking platforms and the ability to track the best prices, using the latest technological advancements gives an edge in optimizing travel arrangements.

What Educational Background Do You Need?

Having a specialized degree catering to your aspired role can get you a step closer to securing your ideal position. Although, educational backgrounds like hospitality, business or tourism can also open doors to various opportunities in this field. These degrees equip you with transferable skills and industry knowledge that are valuable in pursuing a successful career in your chosen field. Additionally, certifications and training can also be useful to help you gain practical know-how and credibility to your profile.

• Business : Gives In-depth knowledge about management, finance and marketing.
• Hospitality : Offers understanding of the industry and its functioning.
• Tourism : The field centers around destination management, marketing, and visitor’s trends.

Relevant experience in this field can escalate one’s career to a pro-dimensional level. That brings a shift to one’s perspective on this industry and gives them a lead to manage the nuances in this field in a professional way. The following are the ways one can dive headfirst to gain practical exposure in this field:

• Internships : Internships offer a leap for freshers to gain practical experience, apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings, and get valuable exposure to industry practices.
• Part-time jobs : Provides industry knowledge and an insight into what a full-time role is like in this industry.
• Volunteering : Helps build connections in the industry and also equips one with a cohesive understanding of various aspects of the field.
• Travel : Personal experiences in this field are valuable and provide the most authentic insights into diverse cultures, destinations, and travel dynamics.

How Important is Networking in Travel and Tourism?

What role does digital marketing play in travel and tourism, what are the future trends in travel and tourism careers.

• Sustainable Tourism : Awareness about sustainable tourism brings about a deeper connection between travelers and nature, with emphasis on eco-friendly practices and responsible travel.
• Personalization : Drawing the exploration of places according to the time and needs of the travelers gives them satisfaction and resonates with their personal preferences and interests.
• Artificial Intelligence : Using AI and advanced technology gives travelers a deep insight and a visual experience into destinations and travel options, enhancing customer experience and workflow effectiveness.
• Remote Work : Digitization in this field has enhanced and given growth opportunities to remote work in this industry.

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